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Pipes networks
V 0.849 C HW
L
S Rh0.63 H
0.54
HazenWilliams
HAZEN-WILLIAMS (SI units): roughness coefficien t
Hazen-Williams roughness
coefficient:
2
For circular pipe with diameter D, C 10.29 n L
m 2
the friction head loss:
Length L
Energy Systems Design / AERO&AUTO - 4 Energy Systems Design / AERO&AUTO - 4
Head losses in compound pipes Substitution in the total head loss equation for all pipes in series, we get :
Case of pipes in series : K eq V 2
K g i V 2
H tot 2
S eq
.
2.g pipes S i2 2.g
,
K eq and Seq : parameters of the equivalent pipe E
S2
we get : Vi 2 g H g i
i (K g )i
2 gH g . i
(K g )i
2 gH g .
S Si
( Lg )i
fi
( Dh )i
Global head loss in each pipe i (the same head loss between inlet (a) and exit (b):
Si Si
H g 1 H g 2 ......... H g , for each pipe (i 1,2,3,....) Vg V1 V2 V3 .... 2 gH g . 2 gH g .
pipes (K g )i pipes fi
( Lg )i
Lg i Di
H g i K g i V2.gi KS V2.g
i2
2
, with : K g fi
g i
i
2 i D ,
h i For equivalent duct E : Vg 2 gH g .
S eq
2 gH g .
S eq
K eq Leq
f eq
Deq
Global flow rate between a and Vg V1 V2 V3 ....... Vi
b (the global flow rate is the pipes
2
In case of all friction factors are equals, 5
sum of each single flow rate : Leq 5
mass conservation) : with : V Vi .Si , for each pipe (i 1,2 ,3....) we get as equivalent diameter Deq for Deq .Di2
pipes in parallel : pipes ( Lg )i
Energy Systems Design / AERO&AUTO - 4 Energy Systems Design / AERO&AUTO - 4
Graphic determination of the global equivalent head for pipes in series and in parallel : Pipe networks
Example :
Pipes in series Pipes in parallel SOURCE : point of input/output flow LOOP : series of pipes forming a closed path
Head loss
Global 1
2
3
3 Global
2
1
H i i i m
i H i Ci .Vi Vi mCi . Vi
m1
Ci . Vi ,if : Vi 0 m 1 m 1
H i ( Vi Vk ) Ci .Vi Vi mCi .Vi .Vk , (second power neglegted)
m1 V
Ci .Vi Vi
pipes
Vk
( of loop k)
m1
, for each loop : k 1,2,3,......, k L V
m Ci . Vi
pipes
( of loop k)
ITER 2 ITER 4
LOOP 1 LOOP 1
Pipes Flow rate Vi Ci Ci Vi |Vi| 2Ci |Vi| Vi+dVk Pipes Flow rate Vi Ci Ci Vi |Vi| 2Ci |Vi| Vi+dVk
m3/s s2/m5 m3/s m3/s s2/m5 m3/s Solution
0.224
3
4
-0,254
-0,254
49576,11
4352,36
-3199,53
-280,89
25188,90
2211,37
-0,212
-0,212
3
4
-0,198
-0,198
49576,11
4352,36
-1943,76
-170,65
19633,05
1723,61
-0,194
-0,194
Pipes Flow rate Vi
5 0,160 59491,34 1519,29 19014,19 0,202 5 0,181 59491,34 1940,83 21490,72 0,185 m3/s
Sums -1961,12 46414,46 Sums -173,57 42847,38 V
DV2 0,042252451 DV4 0,004050959 1 0,224
LOOP 2 LOOP 2
2 0,224
3 0,192 V
0.224
Pipes Flow rate Vi Ci Ci Vi |Vi| 2Ci |Vi| Vi+dVk Pipes Flow rate Vi Ci Ci Vi |Vi| 2Ci |Vi| Vi+dVk
0.192
m3/s s2/m5 m3/s m3/s s2/m5 m3/s
1 0,186 6528,54 226,23 2430,59 0,213 1 0,221 6528,54 319,93 2890,45 0,224 4 0,192
2 0,186 33050,74 1145,28 12304,85 0,213 2 0,221 33050,74 1619,65 14632,90 0,224 0.192
5 -0,202 59491,34 -2428,90 24041,50 -0,175 5 -0,185 59491,34 -2028,87 21972,72 -0,182
5 0,183
Sums -1057,39 38776,94 Sums -89,29 39496,07
DV2 0,027268554 DV4 0,002260808
i
V1 n V
1 F1 m mm s2/m5
HB (2)
(1) Pump RESERVOIR B (1) Pump
Pseudo Loop I
(n) RESERVOIR C
HC
(3)
Reference (Datum / Ground) Reference (Datum / Ground)