,,/ .', .

Cambridge Assessment
: : International Education

Cambridge O Level
CANDIDATE
L_I~-=----\--=- \ k _'h....:....__ _ _ _ ____.I
NAME ) -'~
S a. i h
.:....:....:_:____;_ --=-
A.:__:l...:....._
i 6 h...:=-0..:..:....:

I
CENTRE
NUMBER I i I 1 Ii 11. I .1 I I ,4 I a, I 1 I~ I
D;;;;:;;;;;;;;
I"=
ID~
COMPUTER SCIENCE 2210/12

~- Paper 1 Theory

·-
Octgber/November 2021

CD= 1 hour 45 minutes

CD~
-J~

I"-
You must answer on the question paper.

·== No additional materials are needed.

I

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write on any bar codes.
• Calculators must not be used in this paper.
\

11'.,IFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 75.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
• No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE/FC) 221490
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1 (a) Denary is a number system that is used by programmers.

one box to show whether denary is a base-2, base-10 or base-16 number syStem.

Tick

D Base-2

D Base-10

Base-16
[11
(b) Hexadecimal values can be used to represent denary values.

Convert these four hexadecimal values into denary values.

05 5
······················································
20 '2--a
·································· ····················
1A ........l.~.0. ..................................... .

AB ...... J..9..J
.).................................... .
[4]
Working space

,;··•· .. ····-.. ·······..c;··············;............ , ............j: ...........; ..........i ........ i ... :J".~ .... . .. . .................... . ... .

.......... ..... J ........1:< ....•.. S ......., ......... 7.....1 ....... ....... 1!:i'........\.l
i4 s. . . ..c. .. ······c::·········e··· ... ,c~.
l '2. I2 I"'

···················································································································································
.l .4..... ,l.7. ..••. .lt .......;\.~.....'?..Q. ...................................................................................................... .

..............................................................................................................................~ ··················
(v
\. l> q t 1 ( r \ J 11 ....._"'I
..,,.
0

I I ( \ .......
.J>-....

'
)
r \....~
..--- _,.~
oo oo )
lO
o'
'\

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 3

Hexadecimal values can also be converted to binary values.

Tick one box to show the correct 8-bit binary value for each hexadecimal value.

(i) Hexadecimal value 25 ~z.1bq\.\ 2 \

Tick
\
I II I
00011001
'l.
..,,_...-
00100101

10100001
[1]

(ii) Hexadecimal value 1 B

Tick

s
\ \
II
00011011

10110001

00011010
[1]

(d) (I) Give one way that hexadecimal is used in website development.

..10..... de. . {j~.ft.........<.~. l.~. r........i.r.1 .......?.l.......w.e.k.~ 9.( ..................... [11

(ii) Give one way that hexadecimal is used in low-level programming.

1.t . ....,:,. ......... .v.s,.~d.........1::1?......s .h../)..v..J:.e.l'l ...... co.~e.. . ....................... [11

2 A train company wants to install a self-service ticket machine system for its train stations. When
the customer has purchased their tickets, the machine will provide a paper ticket.

(a) One output device that is used in the ticket machine is a display screen.

Identify one other output device that is used in the ticket machine system .

LC. . 0. ... . i>.........us.eJ, .... .b~.....J..!~.f.t't,···s.c.r.(t.t:i.,~er..i.~.~~r..~....~.H .J. ... b

.....fr,'/\\; [1J
(b) The train company does not want users to use a keyboard or a mouse to enter their data,
when buying a ticket. The company is worried that they may be stolen or get too dirty.

Identify one other input device that would be suitable for use in the ticket machine system, to
allow users to enter their data.

10.~.c,.b. ...~.c.r.e.e.b..... .ted,..11.oJw·····~·i.l;i,......'¥.(·Q·P.r..i.o..~ .....~.9.f.t~M.t:. [1]

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3
(a) Six statements are given about methods of data transmission.

Tick to show If each statement applies to serial simplex, parallel simplex, parallel
half-duplex or serial duplex data transmission. Some statements may apply to more than one
data transmission method.
-·
... Serial Parallel Parallel
Statement Serial
simplex simplex ·,half-duplex duplex

bits are transmitted along a single wire

. ',:7
data is transmitted in both directions

it is only suitable'for distances less

'
'-
/'
/

v
than 5 metres
bits from the same byte are
,. v---
transmitted one after the other
·.,~
data may not arrive in the correct
sequence

data is transmitted in both directions,

but only one direction at a time
v
[6]
(b) to
A Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection can be used to transmit data from a mobile device
a computer.

Give three benefits of using a USB connection for this purpose.

Benefit 1 .. lJ::.,. ..c.w...~.o..f......'.... ht. ....... \l\H.r.:h.J. ······..\~.....:c.P..r.f.f..d::~.,

Benefit 2 .1. t... . . .J$..... . .:.~£. ........ t:!l..~1 . . . . . .C.~.!!!.!:lll:i:i....... Jcff .e. .... .:?.f
.Por.l-........~J ........,s.... ... a..v..<ti.l.~.l.e........cJ..~.t . . . D..f........d.:e.Y.!~.~.s........ .
Benefit 3 .... .r nexre.o.si.lie ....... tY/l.d.......• ....do.t.e.n'.b.....L~.11.!rc: ......

...dJ.i.iJ.e.r:: .......t:9.. . . . . m.~.\<e. ........i.t .....w.o.r..15.,...................................................... .

[3]

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4 The paragraph explains the operation of different touch screen technologies.

Complete the paragraph using the list of terms. Not all terms in the list need to be used.

capacitive-
• change ~
circuit-
• conductive
• coordinates-
grid
heat
infra-red
• insulating
light
manufacture -
pressure
resistive-

!: <<
In .............. ·t,'~ ~w,J.
~f.~£...CL.'.'. ................... ?. ...•...•..... touch screen technology, an electrostatic· fi eId
is present on the surface of the touch screen. The ......... a;
E ,,(9 r I .,J: csi ....f~.Su.l~ .
properties of a user cause a .. .. .......... ........C.h .o...~ .................................. in the field. The
....c~o.r..d\t\~................................... of the user's touch can be calculated.
In ...... ... ... (~?..J$.tJ.v..e .................................... touch screen technology, a user pushes the
top layer of the screen and makes it connect with the bottom layer to complete a

...........C.. ..tY..L.Y...\..t.. ....... ................................. .

This type of touch screen is cheaper to .... ....... .. .. M.~.. ..f~.~r.:e.......... . ............ .
[7]

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e
6

5 Sammi works for a finance company and has a laptop that he uses for his work. He has confidential
data about his customers stored on his laptop.

Samml does not connect the laptop to any networks.

(a) Sammi is concerned about his customers' confidential data being viewed by other people in
his office.

One method he uses to prevent others viewing the data Is encryption.

Identifyviewed.
being three other methods Sammi could use to prevent his customers' confidential data

1 .... B.~......1.!!,.l.n.a .. .. .t<>mf.le.K . .p..~l!w.ord.s.........d.......V.!.l t....i.J.,>.,........ ·············

2 .oUSit< -8-··· . l. ....s.b.e.r......'.'f.f.1.i.f..tzoL.""····· Ll.\~1!!. ....Se.t>:d,tg ....OI.f.'~.... .
3 ....... .......... ......... ... ...... .. ..... ........... ........ ........... ........... .......... .. .... ............. .............................. ..

[3]
(b) their
Sammi creates
finances. videos for the finance compaQY .website
· · •• · · that give customers advice about

He uses lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos for the website.

(i) Give three ways that lossy compression can reduce the file size of the videos.

1 ...:t:t....... w..t\.t . ..... . us e com.f'r.~:->?lo. ro ...c.J.g.Q.r.il:h "'->

ew.nd . ro/~ht.c.o1:11td, .JL t.Y.\ "" ... l"I f lfo..: .':\ . ..fer.~...i:.
2 ... :,/l.....Vh.it. ....k.i,,~\vQ\/.l'.ld.....b o.is..es. . ....w.h;~.h. .... @
:::n l \g, ~r.11.,kle lo.~ b le:\~ s., . .. .
3 Kedvtl!. . ....\h,.e, ... .... ~.i1eb,a. ...GvvJ.1~ ....... .....
···················································································································•.......................
[3]
(ii) Give one drawback of using lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos .

. Tu.e. ..... ckn.s.~•···~ . . . do..ne ...... .be.. ................... (Ovt.,.hl).t. ... ..

.. rev~l'Sll) ·..ibL orle ,,,t.LLe ... J:>. JJ\\;; I.J ' ··············· [11

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(c) Sammi could have used lossless compression to compress the videos for the website.

(I) Give one reason why he would use lossless compression, rather than lossy compression,
for the videos .

.1.9....... b.e....... a.h..lt... . . l.a. . . . .r.tt.to..v.e..r.:... .. th.~ .9es . . . he. . . . . ..

oo.k. .,. . he . . . . wo. v. .W.......V..$.8........ .loss.le .S..$........f r..l. e.... .(.a.tr.lP.'rii5'""·
(Ii) Give two disadvantages of Sammi using lossless compression, rather than lossy
compression, for the videos.

Disadvantage 1 .. ~.n~ . l::hih3-....... w..h,~c.h .... h.e. ..~.~ .r.~J..........tP.......J.e./t.fe

.i.\-'.1.ke.n.b.o.n.cJR.J······c.a.ulJ ..... :~ .l ..... re.(..().J/.W..J.......b.4.l..k,. . . . . .
Disadvantage 2 ...I..t......... '!#..P..Y.kl ......... L9..m.r,r..~?..?....... lf$..~ .....d.~~ . . . .

tbtn. . . .~.9...?..>.j......(O..r.J,f.tl$~/P...n. ............................................................... .

[2]
6 A programmer can use translators, such as an interpreter and a compiler, when developing a
computer program.

(a) Give one similarity between a compiler and an interpreter.

. .Th~ .\.,a.th.... t}.iY.e. ... l .a11m'.lM'.l.d.s. . ..t:l!. ...Y.VY.L. .. !!........ .........

...».~8······::-...le.v..t.L~ . ,P.J.e..~..................................................................................... [11

(b) Describe two differences between a compiler and an interpreter.

Difference 1 .. k.O.t.nf.iler.: .......hOM.$..l.ole.s.....H:..1&.'n.:..le.v:e.L.:.c.o..d.e............... .

.1.~.t9. ....... . o..~h.i.hi ......CP..d.e.....(.f½h~ .... c.a.Je).~. 1t:.....does....thi s.
..6?.r.l~ ... ,0.11.1..c.e.:.,............................................................................................................... .

...................................................................................................................................................
Difference 2 ... ln..t.~r.e.r~J:~.r.... . J~.s.t . ..t~~S....... .J:h.e. ......tt!?.r.n.t,ia&1d
. .f.:r.P..M....... H.~.h. .J.e.Y..e.L . :.c0..&.e.......at.ld ...... da.ef?. .. :. .the. . . .t1:1..$.k
.w.. i.~ o.o.l .........tf.M1.~\..ak~.~ ········•!h.a: ... ... c.o.d.~. . . . .......................... ......
···················································································································································
[4]
(c) Identify one other type of translator.

. . A..~~.?.~.!P\e..~. . . . . . . ... . .... . . . . . . . . . ... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . ........... . . . ................ [1]

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 8
7 Five statements are given about devices.

lick to show if each statement applies to a 3D scanner, barcode reader ~r a Quick Response
(QR) code reader. Some statements may apply to more than one type of device.

JD Barcode QR code
Statement
scanner reader reader
uses position and alignment markers for orientation
when scanning

scans the shape and appearance of an object

uses reflected light from a laser to convert V

a black-and-white pattern into binary

can often be built into an Electronic Point Of Sale

(EPOS) terminal, for example, a supermarket checkout
it is an example of an input device

[5]
8 An electronic game has three square mats that are coloured red, green and blue.

The player Will see a colour displayed on a screen and has 1 second to hit the mat that matches
the colour.
player If the
hits an playermat,
incorrect hits the
the game
correctends.
mat, within 1 second, a counter is incremented. When a

The
1 second.
game uses sensors and a microprocessor to determine if the player hits the correct mat within

Explain how the

hits a correct matgame
withinuses sensors and a microprocessor to count the number of times a player
1 second.

·············································································• .......................................................................... ..
········•· .. ·························· ···• ···· ·· ···· ···· ····•·····•······························································ ........................ .
................................................... .. .....................................................................................................

··························································································································································
..........................................................................................................................................................

····•· .. ··················································· ··· ·········· ······ ························ ................................................... .

·········································•····•···············•···················• ...................................................................... .
·········•............................................................................................................................................... .

············································ ····································································································
···················································•··········· ···························································································
··························· ···· ····•·········•············· ··· ·· ·········· ·· ······ ··················· ········· ············· ·· ·······················......
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··························································································································································
.. ··················································································································································
.... .................................................... .................................... ........................................................ [7]

9 Padma opens an application on her computer.

An interrupt is generated to inform the Central Processing Unit (CPU) that the application has
been opened.

(a) Give three other examples of when an interrupt signal could be generated.

1 ...W.\\~ ....... tl....... :f..~¥?.t.f ....-0.~ . . . . b.~~.......Q~~~.~ .<!...... lr.L.g,. .... (1.[!h..~ r.
2 ... ~.f,f,\J.tJtP.r. .........hfA..?. ........ ~.~J.a.,.i.P..~$. ...... LO..t\:.tt..n..t;.. !...... ..... .. .... .. ... .

3 ..~.n.tllp u.k,L .... t(.{11.r......haw... . ti«J/.f.~ l_ ....W k.iJ.t. ... e.tr.h!r.r.:tw "-
, I
(b) State what would happen if interrupt signals w,ere not used in a computer.

,, . ,... .w..~..11..\..:J:..':~-:.i..kl. . . . f..~r.:fa.r:me.J. .......r..~7.!!J.f.u,Vrt

...l n.c.o.01~:t-. .......b1:-:~.k
..1~........d.~ .i8.e.:.. :··· .. ·· .. ·• ....................................................................................... r11
i
10 Jermain uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol for secure transmission when sending data
using the internet.

(a) Explain how the SSL protocol secures the data for transmission .

.I .t...... V.5.9..~ .......e.n.c.r.tf f?..b:.<P.t:1.......~c7.o..r.: ~.th.~ ........ ...... .L<eep......l:he

...l.h.fo.(.m.Ji.b.~....... s.e., .v..r.~........a...c.r..as.~......l:h,e......,.h..l-:er..ne..f::!............ .
r...t.......J.?.Q. . . . . p.r.e..v.~.~..b..$.........h. ~r.r..:i.fv..l~.......&.t.ct-.f..fc. .......f r:Q.r.r.1...... .
... ~ J•.\-:~.. $.£ns, ........... t:he. ......... w..e..~ ,;,k. :.... ................................................ r21
(b) Identify an alternative protocol that could be used for secure transmission of data using the
internet.

..Tr.~ .$.. £e.r........ .L~~. g.r. ...... $.e.c..v.:r.I.~....{T.LS) . . . . ............ . . . ........... [11
(c) Give two ways that a user can identify if a website uses secure data transmission.

1 .. BH···t:. (Pl:1/1i.r.m.i.\ l········'-'.f.·;(l·····~·~t·$.\l-e. ...b.A-5......4 ........ .

. . p.~7..kc.k.......~.1.g.. .......h.e..fD+e.......t.t.~.... . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
2 .l f...... a.......w..e.hs.,.t~.:~. .....,~.r.r.i.6:~J-t.......(<.f .... S(t~'!r.,~b ··· ..11.JS...... J/.~ iJ
....o.r.......}f......the. ..... U.R.k..... h.~s. .... . H.t.tp.~..... ~ei?..r:e.......l.rSJ...lj~)(..........
I [2]
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 10
11 Consider the following logic statement

X= (((A AND B) OR (NOT (B OR Cl)) NANO C)

(a) Draw a logic circuit to represent the given logic statement.

~o not attempt to simplify the logic statement. All logic gates must have a maximum of two
inputs.

[5]
A Gc Q NA~DC

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 11
(b) Complete the truth table fo r the given logic statement
D .
E GI
B
A,r; M
A C orking i pace "I.
X
P ±E Q I\JAl\/flC.
0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 0 1
0 i 0 0 //
0 1 0
0 1 0 0 n
0 1 1
n 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 C) 0 1 1- '1
1 0 1
0 1 0 0 j_
1 1 0
1 1- 0 1- 1..
1 1 1
1- 1- 0 /t 0
(4]
I I

(c) Identify two logic gates that are not included in the given logic statement.

i .O.R...... ............. .................................... .................................................. ... ...

Logic gate 1 ... .

Logic gate 2 .... N.d.f\. ............ .................................................. ............................................

.
[2]

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