GJ 1061

Coordinates: 03h 35m 59.69s, −44° 30′ 45.3″

GJ 1061 is a red dwarf star located 12 light-

years (3.7 parsecs) from Earth in the southern
GJ 1061
constellation of Horologium. Even though it is
a relatively nearby star, it has an apparent visual
magnitude of about 13,[2] so it can only be seen
with at least a moderately-sized telescope.

The proper motion of GJ 1061 has been known GJ 1061

since 1974, but it was estimated to be further
away: approximately 25 light-years (7.7
parsecs) distant based upon an estimated
parallax of 0.130″. The RECONS accurately
determined its distance in 1997. At that time, it
was the 20th-nearest star system to the Sun.
The discovery team noted that many more stars
like this are likely to be discovered nearby.[2]

This star is a tiny, dim, red dwarf, close to the

lower mass limit. It has an estimated mass of
about 12.5% that of the Sun and is only about
0.2% as luminous.[5] The star displays no
significant infrared excess due to circumstellar Location of GJ 1061 in the constellation
dust.[8] Horologium
Observation data
Planetary system Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation Horologium
On August 13, 2019, a planetary system was
announced orbiting the star GJ 1061 by the Right ascension 03h 35m 59.69916s[1]
Red Dots project for detecting terrestrial planets Declination −44° 30′ 45.7308″[1]
around nearby red dwarf stars.[7] The planet GJ
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.03[2]
1061 d orbits in the conservative circumstellar
habitable zone of its star and the planet GJ Characteristics
1061 c orbits in the inner edge of the habitable Spectral type M5.5 V[2]
zone.[7] GJ 1061 is a non-variable star that
Apparent magnitude (J) 7.52 ± 0.02[3]
does not suffer flares, so there is a greater
probability that the exoplanets still conserve U−B color index 1.52[3]
their atmosphere if they had one.[9] B−V color index 1.90[3]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (Rv) 1.49 ± 0.23[1] km/s

Proper motion (μ) RA: 745.654 mas/yr[1]
Dec.: −373.323 mas/yr[1]
Parallax (π) 272.1615 ± 0.0316 mas[1]
 Distance 11.984 ± 0.001 ly
(3.6743 ± 0.0004 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV) 15.26[4]

Details

Mass 0.125 ± 0.003[5] M☉

Radius 0.152 ± 0.007[5] R☉
Luminosity (bolometric) 0.001641 ± 0.000037[5] L☉
Luminosity (visual, LV) 0.00007[nb 1] L☉
Temperature +72
2,977 −69[5] K
Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.03 ± 0.09[5] dex
Rotational velocity ≤ 5[6] km/s
(v sin i)
Age >7.0 ± 0.5[7] Gyr

Other designations
GJ 1061, LHS 1565, LFT 295, LTT
1702, LP 995-46, L 372-58[3]
Database references
SIMBAD data (https://simbad.cds.u
nistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ide
nt=GJ+1061)

The GJ 1061 planetary system[7]

Companion Semimajor Orbital
(in order from Mass axis period Eccentricity Inclination Radius
star) (AU) (days)

+0.16
b ≥1.37 −0.15 M🜨 0.021 ± 0.001 3.204 ± 0.001 <0.31 — —

c ≥1.74 ± 0.23 M🜨 0.035 ± 0.001 6.689 ± 0.005 <0.29 — —

+0.24 +0.025
d ≥1.64 −0.23 M🜨 0.054 ± 0.001 13.031 −0.032 <0.53 — —

GJ 1061 c

GJ 1061 c is a potentially habitable exoplanet orbiting within the limits of the optimistically defined
habitable zone of its red dwarf parent star.[10][11][7]

GJ 1061 c is at least 74% more massive than the Earth. The planet receives 35% more stellar flux than
Earth and has an equilibrium temperature of 275 K (2 °C; 35 °F).[12] The average temperature on the
surface would be warmer, 34 °C (307 K; 93 °F), provided the atmosphere is of similar composition to the
Earth's.
GJ 1061 c orbits its parent star very closely, every 6.7 days at a distance of just 0.035 au, so it is probably
gravitationally locked and in synchronous rotation with its star.

GJ 1061 d

GJ 1061 d is a potentially habitable exoplanet largely orbiting within the limits of the conservatively
defined habitable zone of its parent red dwarf star.[10][13][7]

The exoplanet is at least 64% more massive than the Earth. The planet receives about 40% less stellar flux
than Earth and has an estimated equilibrium temperature of 218 K (−55 °C; −67 °F).[10][7] The average
temperature on the surface would be colder than Earth's and at around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F), provided
the atmosphere is similar to that of Earth.

GJ 1061 d orbits its star every 13 days, and due to its close-in semi-major axis, it is likely that the exoplanet
is tidally locked.[14] However, if the planet's orbit is confirmed to be highly eccentric then this eccentricity
could be desynchronising it, enabling the existence of non-synchronised states of equilibrium in its rotation,
relative to which side of the planet is facing the star, and thereby it will experience a day/night cycle.[15]

Another solution for this planet gives it a slightly shorter period of 12.4 days and a slightly smaller
minimum mass of 1.53 MEarth .[7]

See also
List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
Research Consortium On Nearby Stars

Notes
1. Taking the absolute visual magnitude of GJ 1061, , and the absolute visual
magnitude of the Sun, , the visual luminosity of GJ 1061 can therefore be calculated:

References
1. Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the
content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211 (htt
ps://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00211). Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.ed
u/abs/2023A&A...674A...1G). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 (https://doi.org/10.1051%2
F0004-6361%2F202243940). S2CID 244398875 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:
244398875). Gaia DR3 record for this source (https://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?Gai
a%20DR3%204848140361962951552) at VizieR.
2. Henry, Todd J.; et al. (1997). "The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest
star". The Astronomical Journal. 114: 388–395. Bibcode:1997AJ....114..388H (https://ui.adsa
bs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AJ....114..388H). doi:10.1086/118482 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2F1
18482).
3. "LHS 1565" (http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=LHS+1565). SIMBAD.
Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
 4. Scholz, R.-D.; et al. (2000). "New high-proper motion survey in the Southern sky".
Astronomy and Astrophysics. 353: 958–969. Bibcode:2000A&A...353..958S (https://ui.adsab
s.harvard.edu/abs/2000A&A...353..958S).
5. Pineda, J. Sebastian; Youngblood, Allison; France, Kevin (September 2021). "The M-dwarf
Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Sample. I. Determining Stellar Parameters for Field Stars". The
Astrophysical Journal. 918 (1): 23. arXiv:2106.07656 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07656).
Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...40P (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJ...918...40P).
doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0aea (https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fac0aea).
S2CID 235435757 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235435757). 40.
6. Barnes, J. R.; et al. (April 2014). "Precision radial velocities of 15 M5-M9 dwarfs". Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (3): 3094–3113. arXiv:1401.5350 (https://arxi
v.org/abs/1401.5350). Bibcode:2014MNRAS.439.3094B (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/
2014MNRAS.439.3094B). doi:10.1093/mnras/stu172 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F
stu172). S2CID 16005221 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16005221).
7. Dreizler, S.; Jeffers, S. V.; Rodríguez, E.; Zechmeister, M.; Barnes, J.R.; Haswell, C.A.;
Coleman, G. A. L.; Lalitha, S.; Hidalgo Soto, D.; Strachan, J.B.P.; Hambsch, F-J.; López-
González, M. J.; Morales, N.; Rodríguez López, C.; Berdiñas, Z. M.; Ribas, I.; Pallé, E.;
Reiners, Ansgar; Anglada-Escudé, G. (2019-08-13). "Red Dots: A temperate 1.5 Earth-mass
planet in a compact multi-terrestrial planet system around GJ1061". Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. arXiv:1908.04717 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.04717).
Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493..536D (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020MNRAS.493..536
D). doi:10.1093/mnras/staa248 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstaa248).
S2CID 199551874 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199551874).
8. Avenhaus, H.; et al. (December 2012). "The nearby population of M-dwarfs with WISE: a
search for warm circumstellar dust". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548: 15. arXiv:1209.0678 (ht
tps://arxiv.org/abs/1209.0678). Bibcode:2012A&A...548A.105A (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.ed
u/abs/2012A&A...548A.105A). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219783 (https://doi.org/10.1051%
2F0004-6361%2F201219783). S2CID 56397054 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:
56397054). A105.
9. Starr, Michelle (27 August 2019). "Three Rocky Exoplanets Have Been Found Orbiting a
Star Just 12 Light-Years Away" (https://www.sciencealert.com/three-rocky-exoplanets-have-
been-found-orbiting-a-star-just-12-light-years-away). ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
10. "The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo" (htt
ps://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog). phl.upr.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
11. "Exoplanet-catalog" (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7592/gj-1061-c/).
Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
12. "Trio of Super-Earths Found Orbiting Red Dwarf Gliese 1061 | Astronomy | Sci-News.com"
(http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/trio-super-earths-red-dwarf-gliese-1061-07555.html).
Breaking Science News | Sci-News.com. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
13. "GJ 1061 d" (https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-Display
Overview?objname=GJ%201061%20d&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET).
exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
14. "Exoplanet-catalog" (https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7593/gj-1061-d/).
Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
15. Auclair-Desrotour, P.; et al. (2019). "Final spin states of eccentric ocean planets" (https://doi.
org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201935905). Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences.
629: A132. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935905 (https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F2
01935905). ISSN 0004-6361 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361). "While the
semidiurnal tide drives the body towards the spin-orbit synchronous rotation, eccentricity tides tend to
desynchronise it, and thereby enable the existence of non-synchronised states of equilibrium."
External links
SolStation.com: GJ 1061 (http://www.solstation.com/stars/lhs1565.htm)

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