Nama : Aep Sugiana

NIM : 049418452
UPBJJ : Bandung

TUGAS TUTORIAL 1

Question 1
Why do we know so little about the life of William Shakespeare when we know
comparatively so much about the lives of his less accomplished peers? Our lack of
knowledge about Shakespeare has inspired countless conspiracy theories. The actual
writing of Shakespeare’s works has been attributed to others from contemporary
playwrights Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson to the brilliant Renaissance
scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon. Shakespeare was an immensely successful
dramatist as well as a prosperous property owner. Circumspect, and only too aware
of the government-inspired branding of Johnson, its torture of Thomas Kyd, and its
murder of Marlowe, Shakespeare kept himself nearly anonymous. Wary to the end,
Shakespeare led a life virtually without memorable incident, as far as we can tell.
a. Circumspect and wary are synonyms. In the context of the passage, what do
they mean?
b. Write down two words that start with spect-:
c. How do the roots circum- and spect- relate to the definition of circumspect?

Answer :
a. In the context of the passage, “circumspect” and “wary” have similar meanings,
both suggesting caution and carefulness. “Circumspect” refers to being careful
and attentive to potential risks and consequences, while “wary” means being
watchful and cautious, especially regarding potential dangers or pitfalls.
b. Spectacle and Spectator
c. The roots “circum-” and “spect-” in the definition of “circumspect” are related as
follows:
• “Circum-” means “around” or “about.”
• “Spect-” is derived from the Latin “spectare,” which means “to look at” or
“to watch.”
In the word “circumspect,” the “circum-” prefix implies looking around or being
watchful, while the “spect-” root indicates the act of looking or being attentive. So,
“circumspect” essentially means to be cautious by looking around and being
attentive to one's surroundings, which is in line with the idea of being careful and
considerate of potential risks or consequences, as suggested in the passage.
Question 2
The world around us is filled with sound. There are loud sounds and soft sounds.
There are pleasant sounds and unpleasant sounds. At this very moment, you are
surrounded by sound. Where does sound come from? How does it get to your ears?
Why are there different kinds of sound? The study of these questions about sound is
called acoustics.
Imagine a cymbal hit with a drumstick. The cymbal shakes rapidly, and this vibration
causes the tiny particles in the air around it to vibrate. These vibrating air particles,
called molecules, bump into the air particles next to them and make them vibrate. This
spreading vibration moves outward in every direction from the cymbal in waves.
When a small object is made to vibrate, the sound waves move up and down very
quickly. This produces a high-pitched sound, like a high note in a song. When a large
object is made to vibrate, the sound waves move up and down more slowly. This
produces a low-pitched sound, like a low note in a song. Hitting a small cymbal makes
a more high-pitched sound than hitting a large cymbal.
a. Write the context clues that give a hint to the meaning of each of acoustics word!
b. Write the context clues that give a hint to the meaning of each of vibration word!
c. Write the context clues that give a hint to the meaning of each of high- pitched word!

Answer :
a. Context clues for the word “acoustics”:
• The Passage Itself: The passage mentions "The study of these questions about
sound is called acoustics." This is a direct statement that defines "acoustics" as
the field of study related to questions about sound.
• Sound-Related Terminology: The passage discusses "loud sounds and soft
sounds," "high‐pitched sound" and "low‐pitched sound," all of which are
characteristics of sound. The introduction of the term "acoustics" in this context
suggests that it relates to the study of sound and its properties.
• Description of Sound Waves: The passage explains how vibrations in objects
create sound waves and how these waves propagate in the air. This description
of the physical properties of sound and its transmission hints that "acoustics"
involves the scientific investigation of these phenomena.
• Comparison to Musical Notes: The passage also draws a parallel between the
characteristics of sound and musical notes, such as "a high note in a song" and
"a low note in a song." This comparison to music provides further context that
"acoustics" likely deals with the study of sound, which is closely related to the
field of music.
In summary, the passage contains several context clues that hint at the meaning
of the word "acoustics." These include its direct definition as the study of sound,
the use of sound-related terminology, the description of sound waves, and the
 connection to musical notes. These clues collectively convey that "acoustics" is the
scientific study of sound and its properties.
b. Context clues for the word “vibration”:
• Description of Object Movement: The passage states, "The cymbal shakes
rapidly, and this vibration causes the tiny particles in the air around it to
vibrate." In this sentence, "vibration" is used to describe the rapid shaking or
oscillation of the cymbal, which, in turn, causes the surrounding air particles
to vibrate as well. This context suggests that "vibration" refers to a back-and-
forth or up-and-down movement of an object.
• Impact of Vibration on Air Particles: The passage goes on to explain how the
vibrating cymbal affects the air particles by making them vibrate. This usage
of "vibration" in the context of particles implies that "vibration" involves a
repetitive, oscillatory motion, as the particles are set in motion due to the
cymbal's vibration.
• Comparison of Vibration Speed: The passage further describes how the speed
of vibrations in a small object leads to a high-pitched sound, whereas slower
vibrations in a large object produce a low-pitched sound. This comparison
between the speed of vibration and the resulting sound pitch helps to infer that
"vibration" is a repetitive, rhythmic motion or oscillation.
In summary, the context clues in the passage convey that "vibration" refers to a
type of motion, specifically a back-and-forth or up-and-down movement, that is
central to the generation of sound. It is used to describe the oscillatory action of an
object and how it affects the surrounding environment.
c. Context clues for the term “high-pitched”:
• Comparison with Low-Pitched: The passage states, "Hitting a small cymbal
makes a more high‐pitched sound than hitting a large cymbal." In this
sentence, "high-pitched" is directly compared to "low-pitched." This
comparison implies that "high-pitched" refers to a sound quality that is at the
higher end of the pitch scale, contrasting with "low-pitched," which is at the
lower end.
• Frequency of Vibrations: The passage explains, "When a small object is made
to vibrate, the sound waves move up and down very quickly. This produces a
high‐pitched sound." Here, it's indicated that the rapid up-and-down motion
of vibrations in the small object leads to a "high-pitched" sound. This context
suggests that "high-pitched" relates to the concept of a sound with a higher
frequency or a shorter wavelength.
• Comparison to Musical Notes: The passage uses the analogy of "a high note in
a song" to further clarify what "high-pitched" means. This analogy connects the
term "high-pitched" to the idea that it's akin to the high notes one might hear
in music, implying a higher tone.
 In summary, the context clues in the passage suggest that "high-pitched" describes
a characteristic of sound in which it has a higher frequency, produces a sound with
a higher tone, or is similar to the higher notes in music when compared to "low-
pitched" sounds.
Question 3
March 17th is an Irish holiday which honours the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, 1.
. ...............................brought Christianity to the Irish people. According to tradition, St
Patrick, 2.................................. father was a wealthy man, was actually born in England.
At the age of 16, he was kidnapped by pirates and sold as a slave. Some years later, he
escaped to France, 3. ................................. he lived for many years and became a priest.
At the age of 60, 4.................................. he returned to Ireland, he built his first church.
On March 17th, the day 5. ................................ St Patrick died, people wear green clothes
decorated with the shamrock, which is the national symbol of Ireland.
a. Complete the passage with relative pronoun!
(1…….; 2……; 3…….; 4……..; 5…... )
b. Write three noun phrases in the text above!
(1……; 2…..; 3……)
c. Identify coordinating conjunction in the text above!

Answer :
a. Completing the passage with relative pronouns:
1. “who”
“March 17th is an Irish holiday which honors the patron saint of Ireland, St
Patrick, who brought Christianity to the Irish people.”
2. “whose”
“According to tradition, St Patrick, whose father was a wealthy man, was
actually born in England.”
3. “where”
“At the age of 16, he was kidnapped by pirates and sold as a slave. Some years
later, he escaped to France, where he lived for many years and became a priest.”
4. “when”
“At the age of 60, when he returned to Ireland, he built his first church.”
5. “when”
“On March 17th, the day when St Patrick died, people wear green clothes
decorated with the shamrock, which is the national symbol of Ireland.”

b. Three noun phrases in the text:

1. “the patron saint of Ireland”
2. “green clothes decorated with the shamrock”
3. “the national symbol of Ireland”
c. Coordinating conjunctions in the text:
1. “and”
2. “but” (implied in “people wear green clothes decorated with the shamrock”)
3. “when”