Mansoura University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Dep.

FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
Prof. ADEL KAMEL GABR
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing

Contents
(FOUNDATION DESIGN)

Lecture 1 BEARING CAPACITY

Lecture 2 Stability of Buildings

Lecture 3 Design of isolated footing (N-Only)

Lecture 4 Design of isolated footing (N-M)

Lecture 5 Design of strap beam

Lecture 6 Design of combined footing

Lecture 7 Design of Strip footing

Lecture 8 Design of raft foundation

-2-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing

COMBINED FOOTING
A combined footing is a footing supporting more than one column in a line, which

may be rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, or two spread footings connected by a beam,

as for a strap footing. When the footing is continuous under part or all of the structure and

supporting more than one line of columns it is termed raft or mat foundation. Some of

these foundations.

COMBINED FOOTING TYPES:-

1- Rectangular combined footing.
2- Trapezoidal combined footing.
3- Strap footing.
4- Raft or mat foundation.

DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR COMBINED FOOTING DESIGN:

1. Calculate the footing area (Width and Length of R.C footing).
2. Design of Combined footing (straining actions).
3. Check of shear.
4. Check of punching.
5. Design of footing in transverse direction.
6. Find out reinforcement detail.

-3-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
Example:-
Design a rectangular combined footing for an exterior column (1) 40cm x 40 cm
carrying a load of 80 tons and interior column (2) 40cm x 60 cm carrying a load of 120 tons
,The distance from center to center of the columns is 5.0 m. The outside edge of the footing
should not project beyond the outside face of the exterior column. The net allowable
pressure on soil =1.5 kg/cm2.Take, fs = 1400 kg/cm2
Solution
1- Calculate the footing area (Width and Length of R.C footing).

R  P1  P2  120  80  200tons

M @ C1  0.00
R  X  P2  S
200  X  120  5
 X  3.0 m
0.40
Z  3  3.20 m
2
 LR.C  2  Z  2  3.20  6.40 m

-4-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
R
qall   tc  ( c   S )  t fill   fill
A
Where:-
1-  c  2 .5 t / m 3
2-  s  1.8 t / m3
3-  f  1.7 t / m 2
4- t f  (0.40  0.60) m
5- t c  (0.50  0.70) m

-5-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
 Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
2- Design of Combined footing (straining actions).
R 200
F1    31.25 t / m
LR.C 6 .4
- Shear force diagram

Q1  0.00
Q2  31.25  0.40  80   67.50 tons
Q3  120  31.25  (0.90  0.60)  73.12 tons
Q4  31.25  0.90  28.12 tons
Q5  0.00
- Bending moment diagram
Max moment at zero shear
For Point (a):-
Shear force at point a = 0.00
F  X 1  P1  0.00
31.25  X 1  80  0.00
get  X 1  2.56 m
Moment at point a
b1 X
M @ c  P1  ( X 1  )  F  X 1  1  .... t.m
2 2
0.40
M @ c  80.0  (2.56  )
2
2.56
 31.25  2.56   86.40 t.m
2
For Point (D):-
Shear force at point D = 0.00
28.12 73.12

0.60  X 2 X2
get  X 2  0.43 m
Moment at point b
(0.90  (0.60  0.43))2
M@D  31.25   17.90 t.m
2

-6-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
- Design the for moment:-

- For upper steel Reinforcement

M @a
d  K1 
B
86.40  105
d  0.276 
230
get  d  53.50 cm
Then get t=d+cover
Use t = 70 cm
M @a
As   ... cm 2
K2  d
86.40  105
As   78.36 cm 2
1750  63
use 16  25
- For Lower steel Reinforcement
17.19  105
As   15.60 cm 2
1750 63
use 8  16

3- Check for shear:-

- Actual shear stress

Qmax (kN )  103

q sh   .... ( N / mm 2 )
B (mm)  d (mm)
- B = width of the footing
- Allowable shear stress

Fcu
q su  0.16   .... ( N / mm 2 )
c
- Check of safety
If qu  q su  Safe shear stresses
If qu  q su  Unsafe shear stresses – then increase dimensions (Depth = d) and Recheck.

-7-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
4- Check for punching shear:-
- Critical section for shear at a distance (d/2) from column surface.

- Punching Shear Failure Criteria

Actual Punching Shear Stress  Allowable Punching Shear stress

q pu  q pcu
- Actual punching shear
- For Column - C1
P1 80  103
q p1    3.63 Kg / cm 2  0.355 N / mm 2
 d d   63 
2  (a1  2 )  (b1  2 )  d 2  (40  2 )  (40  63)  63
   

- For Column – C2
P1 120  103
q p1    4.20 Kg / cm 2  0.411N / mm 2
 d d  2  (40  63)  (60  63) 63
2  (a1  2 )  (b1  2 )  d
 

- Allowable shear stress

Fcu 30 a
q pcu  0.316  0.316  1.41 ( N / mm 2 ) If   0.50
c 1.5 b

- Check of safety

If q pu  q pcu  Safe punching shear stresses

-8-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
5- Design of footing in transverse direction:-

- Footing (a)
P1 80
F1    33.80 t / m 2
(a  d )  BR.C (0.40  0.63)  2.3
  BR.C  b  2    2.30  0.40  2 
     
 2    2    15.70 t.m
M 11  F1  (a  d )     33.80  (0.40  0.63)   
2 2
   
   
   
M 11
As 
K2  d
15.70  105
As   14.24 cm 2
1750 63
use 8  16
- Footing (b)
P2 120
F2    28.05 t / m 2
(a  2  d )  BR.C (0.40  2  0.63)  2.3
  BR.C  b  2    2.30  0.40  2 
     
 2    2    23.54 t.m
M 2 2  F2  (a  d )     28.05  (0.40  2  0.63)   
 2  2
 
   
   
M 2 2
As 
K2  d
23.54  105
As   21.35 cm 2
1750  63
use 12  16

-9-|Page Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
6- Details of Reinforcement:-

- 10 - | P a g e Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
COMBINED TRAPEZOIDAL FOOTING
Combined trapezoidal footing for two columns is used when the column

carries the largest load is near the property line where the projection is limited or when

there is restriction on the total length of the footing. Referring to Fig.(2.17), the position

of the resultant of column loads "R" locates the position of the centroid of the

trapezoid. The length L is determined and the area A is computed as follows:

Fig.2.17

- 11 - | P a g e Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University
Lecture 6: Design of combined footing
R RT
A A
qna qa
or
- From the geometry of the trapezoid, we have

L 2 B1  B2
X '  Eq. (2.11)
3 B1  B2
B1  B2
A L Eq. (2.12)
2

The solution of Eq. 1 and 2 gives the values of widths B1 and B2 as follows:

2 A  3X ' 
B1    1 Eq. (2.13)
L  L 
2A
B2   B1 Eq. (2.14)
L
Note:
The design procedure is the same as rectangular combined footing except that the
shear diagram will be a second degree curve and bending moment is third degree
curve.

- 12 - | P a g e Prof. Adel Kamel Gabr

Faculty of Engineering – Mansoura University