COORD

INAT
ION
D
efin
it
ionCoo
rdin
at
ionimp
lie
sano
rde
rlyp
at
terno
rar
rang
emen
tofg
roupe
ffo
rttoe
nsu
reun
ity
o
fac
tioninth
epu
rsu
ito
fcommonob
jec
tiv
es.I
tinvo
lve
sor
der
lysy
nch
ron
iza
tiono
fth
eef
for
ts
o
find
ividu
alcompon
ent
sofa
nen
terp
ri
setop
rov
idep
rop
ert
rain
ing
,amoun
tqu
ali
ty,p
lac
eand
s
equ
enc
eofe
ffo
rt
ssoth
atth
est
ate
dob
jec
tiv
esm
ayb
eac
hiev
edw
ithm
inimumf
ric
tion
.Iti
sth
e
t
asko
fbl
end
ingth
eac
tiv
it
ieso
find
ividu
ala
ndg
roupe
ffo
rtino
rde
rtom
axim
izec
ont
ribu
tion
tow
ard
sth
eac
comp
li
shm
ento
fcommong
oal
s.
CHARACTER
IST
ICSOFCOORD
INAT
ION
•Coo
rdin
at
ioni
sno
tad
is
tin
ctfun
ct
ionbu
tth
eve
rye
ssen
ceo
fma
nag
emen
t.
•Coo
rdin
at
ioni
sth
eba
sicr
espon
sib
il
ityo
fma
nag
emen
tandi
tca
nbea
chi
eve
d
th
roug
hth
ema
nag
emen
t
•Coo
rdin
at
iondo
esno
tar
isespon
tan
eou
slyo
rbyfo
rce
.Iti
sth
ere
sul
tso
fcon
sciou
s
a
ndc
onc
ert
eda
ctionbym
anag
emen
t.
•Th
ehe
arto
fcoo
rdin
ationi
sth
eun
ityo
fac
tion
,wh
ichinvo
lve
sfix
ingth
etim
eand
m
ann
ero
fpe
rfo
rmingv
ariou
sac
tiv
it
ies
.
•Coo
rdin
at
ioni
sac
ont
inuou
sora
nong
oingp
roc
ess
.
•Coo
rdin
at
ioni
sre
qui
redin
-groupe
ffo
rt
,no
tind
ividu
ale
ffo
rt
.
•Coo
rdin
at
ionh
asac
ommonpu
rpo
seo
fge
tt
ingo
rga
niz
ation
alob
jec
tiv
es
a
ccomp
li
shed
•B
alan
cing
,tim
ing
,andin
teg
rat
inga
reth
eth
reee
lem
ent
sofc
oord
ina
tion
NEEDANDIMPORTANCEOFCOORD
INAT
ION
•In
cre
aseins
izeandc
omp
lex
ityo
fop
era
tion
s.N
eedfo
rcoo
rdin
at
iona
ris
esa
s
soona
sth
eop
era
tion
sbe
com
emu
lt
ipl
eandc
omp
lex
.
•Sp
ecia
li
zat
ion
.Div
is
iono
fwo
rkin
tosp
eci
ali
zedfun
ct
ion
sandd
epa
rtm
ent
s’l
ead
sto
d
ive
rs
itya
ndl
acko
fun
ifo
rmi
tyc
oord
ina
tionthu
sbe
com
esn
ece
ssa
ry.
•C
lasho
fin
ter
est
.Ind
ividu
alsm
aypu
rsu
eth
eirownp
erson
alg
oal
satth
eexp
ens
e
o
forg
ani
zat
ion
alg
oal
s.Coo
rdin
at
ionb
ring
sabou
tha
rmonyb
etw
eenth
etwoty
peso
f
g
oal
sbym
akingind
ividu
alss
eehowth
eirjob
scon
tr
ibu
tetoth
ecommongo
also
fth
e
o
rga
niz
ation
.
•D
if
fer
entou
tlook
.Ca
pac
ity
,ta
len
tandsp
eedo
fpe
opl
edi
ffe
rwid
ely
.Itb
ecom
es
Imp
era
tiv
etor
econ
ci
led
if
fer
enc
esinapp
roa
ch,t
iminga
nde
ffo
rttos
ecu
reun
ityo
f
a
ct
ion
.

•In
terd
epend
enc
eofun
it
s.V
ariou
sun
it
sofo
rga
niz
ation
sde
penduponon
eano
the
r1fo
rth
eir
su
cce
ssfu
lfun
ction
ing
.Th
eou
tpu
tofon
eun
its
erv
esa
sth
einpu
tofa
noth
er.
Coo
rdin
at
ionin
cre
ase
swi
tha
nin
cre
aseinth
ein
terd
epe
nde
nceb
etw
eeno
rga
niz
ation
alun
it
s.
Con
fl
ic
ts
.Coo
rdin
at
iona
void
spo
ten
tia
lsou
rce
sofc
onf
lic
t.
TYPESOFCOORD
INAT
ION
•I
nte
rna
lcoo
rdin
at
ioni
scoo
rdin
at
ionb
etw
eenth
edi
ffe
ren
tun
it
sofa
norg
ani
zat
ion
•Ex
ter
nalcoo
rdin
ationr
efe
rstoc
oord
ina
tionb
etw
eena
norg
ani
zat
iona
ndi
tse
xte
rna
l
e
nvi
ronm
entcomp
ri
singg
ove
rnm
ent
,commun
ity
,cu
stom
ers
,inv
esto
rssupp
lie
rsc
omp
eti
tor
s
e
tc
.
•V
ert
ica
lcoo
rdin
at
ionimp
lie
scoo
rdin
at
ionb
etw
eend
if
fer
entl
eve
lso
fth
e
o
rga
niz
ation
.Iten
sur
esth
ata
lll
eve
lsinth
eorg
ani
zat
iona
ctinh
armonya
ndina
cco
rda
ncew
ith
th
ego
also
fth
eorg
ani
zat
ion
.
•Coo
rdin
at
ionb
etw
eend
if
fer
entd
epa
rtm
ent
sando
the
run
it
satth
esam
elev
elo
fma
nag
eme
nti
s
c
al
ledho
rizon
talo
rla
ter
alcoo
rdin
ation
.

FACTORSFORACH
IEV
INGEFFECT
IVECOORD
INAT
ION(PR
INC
IPLESOF
EFFECT
IVECOORNAT
ION
))
•D
ire
ctp
erson
alcon
tac
t.Coo
rdin
at
ioni
sbe
sta
chi
eve
dth
roug
hdi
rec
tpe
rson
al
c
ont
actw
ithth
epe
opl
econ
cern
ed.
E
arlyb
eginn
ing
.Ef
fec
tiv
ecoo
rdin
at
ionc
anb
each
iev
edi
fcomm
enc
ed:e
arlye
spe
cia
llydu
ring
th
eea
rlys
tag
eso
fpl
ann
inga
ndpo
licy
-ma
kingth
roug
hmu
tua
l
c
onsu
lta
tion
sandp
art
ic
ipa
tion
.
R
ecip
roc
ity
. Wh
enp
eop
lea
ppr
eci
ateth
ere
cip
roc
ityo
fre
la
tion
sth
eya
voidun
ila
ter
ala
ct
iona
nd
c
oord
ina
tionb
ecom
ese
asi
er.
Con
tinu
ity
.Coo
rdin
at
ioni
sanong
oingo
rne
verend
ingr
ath
erth
anaon
cefo
ral
lac
tiv
ity
.

 EFECT
IVECOORD
INAT
IONSK
ILLSTECHN
IQUES
Soundp
lann
ing
.Cl
ear
-cu
tob
jec
tiv
esh
armon
ize
dpo
lic
iesa
ndun
if
iedp
roc
edu
res
e
nsu
reun
ifo
rmi
tyo
fac
tion
.
 S
imp
li
fie
dorg
ani
zat
ion
.Th
elin
eofa
utho
ri
tya
ndr
espon
sib
il
ityf
romtoptobo
ttomo
f
th
eor
gan
iza
tions
tru
ctu
reshou
ldb
ecl
ear
lyd
efin
ed.
 E
ffe
ct
ivec
ommun
ica
tionE
ffe
ct
ivein
ter
cha
ngeo
fop
inion
sandin
form
ationh
elp
sin
r
eso
lvingd
if
fer
enc
esa
ndinc
rea
tingmu
tua
lund
ers
tand
ing
.
•E
ffe
ct
ivel
ead
ersh
ipa
ndsup
erv
is
ion
.Ag
oodl
ead
erc
ang
uid
eth
eac
tiv
it
ieso
fhi
s
subo
rdin
ate
sinth
erig
htd
ire
ct
iona
ndc
anin
spi
reth
emtopu
lltog
eth
erfo
rth
e
a
ccomp
li
shm
ento
fcommonob
jec
tiv
es.
•Ch
aino
fcomm
and
.Ex
erc
iseo
fau
tho
ri
tyth
roughth
ech
aino
fcomm
ando
rhi
era
rchyi
s
th
etr
adi
tionm
ean
sofc
oord
ina
tion
.
•I
ndo
ctr
ina
tiona
ndin
cen
tiv
es.I
ndo
ctr
ina
tingo
rga
niz
ation
alm
emb
ersw
ithth
ego
alsand
m
iss
ionc
ant
ran
sfo
rman
eut
ralbodyin
toac
omm
it
tedbody
.In
cen
tiv
esm
ayb
eus
edto
c
rea
temu
tua
li
tyo
fin
ter
estandtor
edu
cec
onf
lic
ts
.
.L
ia
isond
epa
rtm
ent
. Wh
eref
requ
entc
ont
act
sbe
twe
end
if
fer
ento
rga
niz
ation
alun
it
sar
e
n
ece
ssa
ryl
ia
isono
ff
ice
rsm
ayb
eemp
loy
ed.
G
ene
rals
taf
f.I
nla
rgeo
rga
niz
ation
sac
ent
ral
ize
dpoo
lofs
taf
fexp
ert
sisu
sedfo
r
c
oord
ina
tion
.
•Vo
lun
taryc
oord
ina
tiono
ccu
rsw
her
eorg
ani
zat
ion
alun
it
sapp
rec
ia
teth
ewo
rkingo
f
r
ela
tedun
it
sandmod
if
iesi
tsownf
unc
tion
ingtosu
itth
em.Th
isi
spo
ssib
lew
henth
erei
s
d
edi
cat
iona
ndmu
tua
lcoop
era
tion
.