AGA English

PROCESS

I - Understanding about the Process

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II - Types of process
- Natural process
- Manufacturing process

III - Steps to describe a process

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1, Analyse the process
To understand the process, answer these following questions:
- Is it a man-made or natural process?
- How many steps are there? How many stages can it be divided?
- What are the starting and ending points?
- What is produced?

gl
- What ingredients or materials are needed in each step?

2, Write a “good” introduction

Rewrite the question in your own words
En
Example 1: The diagram below shows the life cycle of a salmon, from eggs to adult fish.
=> The illustration depicts different stages in the life of salmon, from birth to maturity.
=> The diagram illustrates various stages in the development of a salmon, from birth to maturity.

Example 2: The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building
industry.
A

=> The images describe the process by which bricks are made for the construction industry.
=> The diagram illustrates numerous steps involved in making bricks for the construction industry.

Example 3: The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and
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how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

=> The diagrams __________ the __________ and __________ used in the cement-__________ process,
and how cement is used to __________ concrete for __________ purposes.
A

Practice:
a. The diagram illustrates the life cycle process of frogs in a pond.
b. The diagram below shows the life cycle of a honey bee
c. The diagram presents the process of producing smoked fish.
d. The diagram presents how pulp and paper are made.
e. The diagram presents the process of recycling glass bottles.
f. The diagram below illustrates the carbon cycle in nature.
g. The diagram below shows the manufacturing process for making sugar from sugar cane.
h. The diagram below shows how instant noodles are manufactured.

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3, Write a “clear” overview

- How many steps are there?
- What are the starting and ending points?

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gl
En
=> Overall, there are 6 main stages in the life cycle of salmon, starting with laying eggs in water and
ending with backing to the spawning areas. Also, the complete life cycle lasts for about 10 years.
A
G
A

=> Overall, there are 7 main steps in the process of making bricks, starting with digging clay and
ending with delivering the bricks. Also, the process uses clay, sand and water as main components.

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4, Body paragraphs

a, Basic notes

- Using “Simple Present” and “Passive Voice”

- Avoid “Overusing” linking words
- DO NOT use a different linking word for the start of every sentence.

Band 5.5 Band 6.5

At the first stage, clay is dug up by diggers. In the initial stages of the process, clay
Next, it is filtered by a metal grid and roller. After underground is dug up by large digging machines

that, clay is mixed with sand and water. In the
next step, the mixture is put into a mould or cut
by a wire cutter to make different shapes.
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before being filtered by a grid metal and roller to
remove unwanted substances. The filtered clay is
then shaped into different forms by a mould or
wire cutter.

b, Vocabulary for 3 common phases

Preparing phase

- Dug up
- Exploited gl
Processing phase

- Filtered to remove unwanted substances

- Sorted into/Classified into… according to…
Ending phase

- Packed/packaged
in boxes
En
- Collected - Broken up/Crushed into smaller pieces - Loaded on trucks
- Gathered - Cleaned by using… to eliminate dust or unwanted - Transported to
- Harvested substances - Made into new
- Added to make a mixture products
- Mixed/blended - Distributed back
- Filled with to stores
- Placed into
A

- Heated/Burned
- Cooled down
- Evaporated
G

c, Transitional phrases

- In the initial stages of the process, … / The process of … commences when …

A

- Subsequently,...
- The next step involves … by which/in which …
- The last step is … and then the process can begin again.
- By following the above-mentioned steps, the … is made and then the process can begin again.

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