CODING - DECODING MENTAL ABILITY/ CLASS-VIII

2.1
2
INTRODUCTION
CODING - DECODING

(i) Coding :Amethod of transmitting a message between sender and receiver which cannot be understood
or comprehended by a third person unless we use a pattern of code that has been followed.
(ii) Decoding : Decoding refers to the, process of arriving at an equivalent word from the code
word given.

2.2 TYPES OF CODING - DECODING

Type -1 : Letter Coding
In these questions, the letters in a word are replaced by certain other letters according to a specific rule
to form its code.

Illustration 1 :
If SUMMER is coded as RUNNER, the code for WINTER will be
(A) SUITER (B) VIOUER (C) WALKER (D) SUFFER
Soution
The first letter of the word is moved one step backward, while the two middle letters are
each moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
Hence, the answer is (B)

Type -2 : Direct Letter Coding

Sometimes, particular letters are made codes for particular letters without there being any set pattern.
For example, let us consider a language in which A is coded as W, C as P, E as T, L as Z, S as B and T
as K. Then, the code for CASTLE in that language is PWBKZT.
Such type of coding is called direct-coding.

Illustration 2
If in a certain code, L is written as K, A as C, E as X, T as O, F as P, then how
will LEAFLET be written in that code ?
(A) LEATLET (B) KXCPKXO (C) KXCPXKF (D) KCXPFXO
Solution :
Substituting the letters of the given word with their respective codes, we have:
L E A F L E T
      
K X C P K X O
Hence, the answer is (B)
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Type -3 : Number/Symbol Coding

Here, either numerical code values are assigned to a word or alphabetical code letters are assigned to
the numbers.

Illustration 3
If MACHINE is coded as 19 - 7 - 9 - 14 - 15 - 20 - 11, how will you code
DANGER ?
(A) 11-7-20-16-11-24 (B) 13-7-20-9-11-25
(C) 10-7-20-13-11-24 (D) 13-7-20-10-11-25
Solution :
Clearly, every letter is assigned a numerical code obtained by adding 6 to the numeral
denoting the position of that letter in the English alphabet.
Thus, A is coded as (1 + 6) i.e. 7, B as (2 + 6) i.e. C as (3 + 6) i.e. 9, ......, M as
(13 + 6) i.e. 19,...... Z as (26 + 6) i.e. 32.
Since, D, A, N, G, E, R are 4th, 1st, 14th, 7th, 5th and 18th letters in the English
alphabet, so their respective codes are (4 + 6), (1 + 6), (14 + 6), (7 + 6),
(5 + 6), (18 + 6) i.e. 10, 7, 20, 13, 11, 24. So the code for DANGER is
10 - 7 - 20 - 13 - 11 - 24.
Hence, the answer is (C).

Type - 4 : Substitution
Here some particular words are assigned to certain substituted names. Then a question is asked that is to
be answered in the substituted code language.

Illustration 4
If ‘cook’ is called ‘butler’, ‘butler’ is called ‘manager’, ‘manager’ is called
‘teacher’, ‘teacher’ is called 'clerk', ‘clerk’ is called ‘principal’, who will teach
in a class ?
(A) Cook (B) Butler (C) Manager (D) Teacher (E) Clerk
Solution :
Clearly, a ‘teacher’ teaches in a class and as given, ‘teacher’ is called ‘clerk’. So, a
‘clerk’ will teach in the class. Hence, the answer is (E).

Type - 5 : Deciphering Message Word Codes

Here some messages are given in the coded language and the code for a particular word or message is
asked. To analyse such codes, any two messages bearing a common word are picked up. The common
code-word will thus represent that word. Proceeding similarly by picking up all possible combinations of
two, the entire message can be decoded and the codes for individual words found.

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Illustration 5
If in a certain language, 'oka peru' means 'fine cloth'; 'meta lisa' means
'clear water' and 'dona lisa peru' means 'fine clear weather', which word in
that language means 'weather'?
(A) peru (B) oka (C) meta (D) dona
Solution
Fine cloth – Oka peru .....(i)
Fine clear weather – dona lisa peru .....(ii)
Clear water – Meta lisa ......(iii)
 Fine = peru
By statements (ii) and (iii) clear = lisa.
From statement (ii) and (iii), Lisa means clear and from statements (i) and (ii) Peru
means fine so weather will be dona with the help of statement (ii).

Type - 6 : Deciphering Number and Symbol codes for messages

Here a few groups of numbers/symbols, each coding a certain message, are given. Through a comparison
of the given coded messages, taking two at a time, the candidate is required to find the number/symbol
code for each word and then formulate the code for the given message.

Illustration 6
In a certain code language, '234' means 'spark and fire', '456' means 'spark
is cause' and '258' means 'fire is effect'. Which of the following numerals is
used for 'cause'?
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
Solution
In the first and second statements, the common code digit is '4' and the common word
is 'spark'. So, '4' means 'spark'. In the second and third statements, the common code
digit is '5' and the common word is 'is'. So, '5' means 'is' so, for 'cause' the code digit is
6.

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Q.1 In a certain code, SPRING is written as UNUFRC. How will the word MOBILE be written in that code
language.
(A) KQEFPA (B) OMDGNC (C) OMPGDA (D) OMEFPA

Q.2 In a certain code, POETRY is written as ONDSQX and OVER is written as NUDQ. How is MORE
written in that code language ?
(A) LNNQD (B) NLNQD (C) LNQD (D) NLPQD

Q.3 If MADRAS can be written as ARSMDA, how can ARKONAM be written in that code ?
(A) ROAAKNM (B) ROAKANM (C) ROAKNAM (D) ROKANAM

Q.4 In a certain code language, GERMINATIN is written as IMGRENINITA. How is ESTABLISHE written
in that code ?
(A) BEATSLDEIHS (B) BAETSEHLSI (C) BATESLDEIHS (D) BAETSLDEIHS

Q.5 In a certain code language, 'MAN' is coded as 'NBO', then in the same code language 'TUL' will be
written as
(A) UVP (B) UWN (C) UVM (D) UMW

Q.6 If the word 'TRADE' is coded as 'XVEHI', how the word 'PUBLIC' should be coded ?
(A) TYFMPG (B) SXEOLF (C) TYFPMG (D) SXLLOP

Q.7 If 'FRIEND' is coded as 'HUMJTK', how is 'CANDLE' written in that code ?

(A) EDRIRL (B) ESJFME (C) DCQHQK (D) DEQJQM

Q.8 In a certain language, 'CHAMPION' is coded as 'HCMAIPNO', how is 'NEGATIVE' coded in that
code ?
(A) BGAETVIE (B) ENAGITEV (C) EGAITEVN (D) NEAGVEIT

Q.9 In a certain code, 'FORGET' is written as 'DPPHCU'. How would 'DOCTOR' be written in that code?
(A) BPAUPS (B) EMDRPP (C) BPAUMS (D) BRARPP

Q.10 In a certain code, 'SIKKIM' is written as 'THLJJL'. How is 'TRAIN' written in that code ?
(A) SQBHO (B) UQBHO (C) UQBJO (D) UBQJO

Q.11 In a certain code, REFRIGERATOR is coded as ROTAREGIRFER. Which word will be written as
ERMBVENO in that code ?
(A) AUGUST (B) SEPTEMBER (C) OCTOBER (D) ONEVBMRE

Q.12 In the word PORTER can be coded as MBNZQN, how can REPORT be written ?
(A) NQMNBZ (B) NQMBNZ (C) NBQMNZ (D) NQBMNZ

Q.13 In a certain code, RAIN is written as 8$%6 and MORE is written as 7#8@. How is REMAIN written
in that code ?
(A) #@7$%6 (B) #@&$%6 (C) 7@#$%6 (D) 8@7$%6
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Q.14 if in a certain language, CHARCOAL is coded as 45164913 and MORALE is coded as 296137, how
is the word ALLOCHRE coded in that language ?
(A) 13396875 (B) 16693985 (C) 13394567 (D) 19943785

Q.15 If A = 2, M = 26, Z = 52, then BET = ?

(A) 44 (B) 54 (C) 64 (D) 72

Q.16 If DEER = 12215 and HIGH = 5645, how will you code HEEL ?
(A) 2328 (B) 3449 (C) 4337 (D) 5229

Q.17 If E = 5 and HOTEL = 60, how will you code LAMB ?

(A) 28 (B) 10 (C) 7 (D) 15

Q.18 If the word 'PENCIL' is coded as 'LICNEP' how the work 'INKPOT' should be coded?
(A) TOPINK (B) JOLQPU (C) HMKOPS (D) TOPKNI

Q.19 In a code language, 'TIGER' is written as 'RIGET'. How 'CROWN' will be written in the same code?
(A) NRWCO (B) NROWC (C) ROWRC (D) NOWCR

Q.20 If 'SHARP' is coded as 68034 and 'PUSH' as 4568, the 'RUSH' will be coded as
(A) 3685 (B) 3658 (C) 3568 (D) 3583

Q.21 In a certain code language, '851' means 'good sweet fruit'; '783' means 'good red rose' and '341' means
'rose and fruit'. Which of the following digits stand for 'sweet' in that language?
(A) 8 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 3

Q.22 In a certain code language, '3a, 2b, 7c' means 'Truth is Eternal', '7c, 9a, 8b, 3a' means 'Enmity is not Eternal'
and '9a, 4d, 2b, 8b' means 'Truth does not Enmity'. Which of the following means 'Enmity' in that Language?
(A) 3a (B) 7c (C) 9a (D) 8b

Q.23 In a certain code language 'oka peru' means 'fine cloth'; 'meta lisa' means 'clear water' and 'dona lisa
peru' means fine clear weather' which word in that language means 'weather'?
(A) peru (B) oka (C) dona (D) meta

Q.24 In a certain code, '467' means 'leaves are green', '485' means 'books are old', '546' means 'green are
old'. Which digit stands for 'leaves' in that code ?
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 3

Directions (Questions 25 to 28) :Read the following information carefully and answer these questions:
In a certain coding system,
'816321' means 'the brown dog frightened the cat';
'64851' means 'the frightened cat ran away';
'7621' means 'the cat was brown';
'341' means 'the dog ran'.
Q.25 What is the code for the 'the dog was frightened'
(A) 5438 (B) 8263 (C) 8731 (D) None of these

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Q.26 What is the code for 'frighened'?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 8

Q.27 What is the code for 'away'?

(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7

Q.28 What is the code for 'brown'?

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

Direction (Q.29 to Q.32) : Below, in Column I, are given some words. These have been translated into
a code language. The code equivalents of the words in Column I given in Column II are not necessarily
opposite to the corresponding words. Moreover, the codes for the different letters in each word have
also not been given in the same order as these letters occur in the original word. Study the two
columns carefully and then of the four alternatives given in each question, find the one that has the
code equivalents of the letters of the word given in the question. This is your answer.
Column I Column II
DELIBERATION aemrqs
CONSIDERATE ccehlmo
GHOSTLIKE cfhmoqqrx
WORLDLY cdgmqrsxz
KNOWLEDGE adefmopqqsz
ROCKET cefkmopqqszz
Q.29 SOLACE
(A) aedpqr (B) acemoq (C) acdmpq (D) demopq

Q.30 KNIGHT
(A) fgrsxz (B) gprsxz (C) fhmpqr (D) ghrxyz

Q.31 WORDY
(A) fhlmq (B) ehlmo (C) efhlm (D) adeop

Q.32 NOTICE
(A) acdeqs (B) afmqsz (C) dhpqs (D) fghpqr

Directions (Q.33 to Q.37) : According to a code language, words in capital letters in Column I are
written in small letters in Column II. The letter's in Column II are jumbled up. Decode the language
and choose the correct code for the word given in each question.
Column I Column II
(1) CURSE (A) opkif
(2) INCUR (B) fbpoe
(3) TALLY (C) ughvg
(4) CADET (D) rkufh
(5) DRIP (E) rpte
(6) TOIL (F) jugc
(7) VARY (G) ywoh
Q.33 TODAY
(A) rjuyh (B) kjuvh (C) rjuvh (D) rjuvk
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Q.34 CIVIL
(A) gfwcc (B) ghcww (C) ggwfe (D) gwIfe

Q.35 SUSTAIN
(A) hibucpi (B) hkcrjbk (C) hwojfvw (D) hgpukgc

Q.36 RACE
(A) kovp (B) kbcf (C) khfo (D) krbh

Q.37 SUN
(A) pih (B) bih (C) pib (D) ikh

Q.38 If 'pen' is 'table', 'table' is 'fan', 'fan' is 'chair' and 'chair' is 'roof', on which of the following will a person sit?
(A) Fan (B) Chair (C) Roof (D) Table (E) Pen

Q.39 If 'room' is called 'bed', 'bed' is called 'window', 'window' is called 'flower' and 'flower' is called 'cooler',
on what would a man sleep?
(A) Window (B) Bed (C) Flower (D) Cooler
(E) None of these

Q.40 If 'orange' is called 'butter', 'butter' is called 'soap', 'soap' is called 'ink', 'ink' is called 'honey' and 'honey'
is called 'orange', which of the following is used for washing clothes?
(A) Honey (B) Butter (C) Orange (D) Soap (E) Ink

Q.41 If 'bangle' is called 'cassette', 'cassette' is called 'table', 'table' is called 'game' and 'game' is called 'cupboard',
then which is played in the tape recorder?
(A) Bangle (B) Cassette (C) Table (D) Cupboard
(E) None of these

Q.42 If 'rain' is 'water', 'water' is 'road', 'road' is 'cloud', 'cloud' is 'sky', 'sky' is 'sea' and 'sea' is 'path', where
do aeroplanes fly?
(A) Road (B) Sea (C) Cloud (D) Water
(E) None of these

Q.43 If 'water' is called 'food', 'food' is called 'tree', 'tree' is called 'sky', 'sky' is called 'wall', on which of the
following grows a fruit?
(A) Water (B) Food (C) Sky (D) Tree (E) Wall

Q.44 If 'train' is called 'bus', 'bus' is called 'tractor', 'tractor' is called 'car', car is called 'scooter', 'scooter' is
called 'bicycle', 'bicycle' is called 'moped', which is used to plough a field?
(A) Train (B) Bus (C) Tractor (D) Car (E) Moped

Q.45 If 'light' is called 'morning', 'morning' is called 'dark', 'dark' is called 'night', 'night' is called 'sunshine' and
'sunshine' is called 'dusk', when do we sleep?
(A) Night (B) Sunshine (C) Dusk (D) Dark

Q.46 If 'paper' is called 'wood', 'wood' is called 'straw', 'straw' is called 'grass', 'grass' is called 'rubber' and
'rubber' is called 'cloth', what is the furniture made up of?
(A) Paper (B) Wood (C) Straw (D) Grass (E) Cloth
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ANSWER KEY

Q.1 D Q.2 C Q.3 A Q.4 B Q.5 C Q.6 C Q.7 A

Q.8 B Q.9 C Q.10 B Q.11 D Q.12 B Q.13 D Q.14 C
Q.15 B Q.16 D Q.17 A Q.18 D Q.19 B Q.20 C Q.21 B
Q.22 C Q.23 C Q.24 C Q.25 C Q.26 D Q.27 B Q.28 A
Q.29 C Q.30 A Q.31 B Q.32 B Q.33 C Q.34 A Q.35 A
Q.36 C Q.37 C Q.38 C Q.39 A Q.40 E Q.41 C Q.42 B
Q.43 C Q.44 D Q.45 B Q.46 C

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