CD1

C ontents

Introduction

Features & Benefits

Faster Dispersion

Color Acceptance Advantage

Additional Performance Benefits

Improved Gloss

Improved Rheology

Improved Color Development

Stability

Incorporation & Use

I ntroduction

Troy Corporation supplies a complete line of performance

additives for the coatings, printing ink, colorant, and
adhesive industries. These additives include rheological
modifiers, grind aids, pigment dispersants, substrate
wetting agents, biocides, slip and mar additives, defoamers,
and anti-settling agents. This literature is intended to
demonstrate the effectiveness of Troy’s premier dispersant,
TroysperseTM CD1.

2
F eatures & Benefits

The dispersion of a pigment in a vehicle/resin requires
mechanical energy (grind) to break up the clumps of
pigment into small and smaller particles. Under optimum
conditions, there should be a minimum of pigment
agglomeration remaining after the grind phase of the
process. Exhibit 1
Agglomeration
come into direct contact with and become surrounded by
the vehicle.
Dispersants also assist in the removal of gas bubbles,
moisture, and other contaminants from between the
pigment particles. They also prevent flocculation after the
dispersion is completed.
Wetting
Troysperse CD1 is a highly effective dispersing and grinding
aid for a wide range of pigments in mineral spirit based
systems.

• Improves Color Development

Dispersion
Pigment Wetting
A dispersing agent is usually added to assist with
the wetting out of the pigment surface, to aid in the
deagglomeration and to allow the particles of pigment to
• Provides Deeper Shades at Equal Amount of
Accelerates Pigment
• Provides More Complete Dispersion of the
Pigment Than Most Commonly Used Dispersing
Agents
• Achieves in Many Cases Optimum Particle Size in
Less Time Than Most Commonly Used Dispersing
Agents
• Troysperse CD1 is a nonionic polymeric oil
derivative dispersant, 70% solids in mineral
spirits.

F aster Dispersion
Exhibit 2
Because of its excellent pigment wetting properties,
TroysperseTM CD1 provides faster grinding of pigment
Carbon Black Tinting Paste
Faster Dispersion Time With TroysperseTM CD1*
dispersions. This translates into reduced manufacturing
costs by decreasing energy consumption and increasing 7
product through-put. 6

Exhibit 2 shows the improvement in grind possible by use 5

of Troysperse CD1. Hegman
Formulation 1 Grind 4
3
Typical Properties
Med. Alkyd Solids ................................................................ 14% 2
Carbon Black ....................................................................... 32% Troysperse CD1
1
Troysperse CD-1 .................................................................... 6% Control
Paint Thinner ........................................................................ 48% 0
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time in Minutes
The use of Troysperse CD1 results in the obtaining of * Dispermat Small Media Mill, 1.2mm glass beads, 300 rpm
Hegman grinds up to twice as fast as coatings without
dispersant. This equates to increased production capacity
without increasing capital costs.

3
 CD1
C olor Acceptance Advantage

Formulation 2 Formulation 3

Alkyd Gloss Enamel Medium Oil Alkyd Enamel

Tint Base Formulation Tint Base Formulation
Ingredients Control TroysperseTM CD1 Ingredients Control Troysperse CD1
(% Wt.) (% Wt.) (% Wt.) (% Wt.)
Uralac AH263(DSM) 7.30 7.30 Beckosol 11-045-50 (RCI) 15.89 15.80
Mineral Spirits 3.00 3.00 White Spirits 2.64 2.63
Troysperse CD1 ------- 0.75 Troysperse CD1 ------ 0.63
RCL 575 TiO2 37.75 37.75 Troythix A 0.52 0.42
(millennium) TroysolTM AFP 0.42 0.42
High Speed Dispersion (7 + Hegman) 2020 TiO2 (Kronos) 21.18 21.07
Troythix® 150ACS 0.85 0.85 Mikhart 10.59 10.53
Uralac AH263(DSM) 39.40 39.40 (Provencale s.a.)
TroymaxTM Cobalt 5% 0.50 0.50 High Speed Dispersion; Temperature 60° C.,
Hegman Grind 6
Troymax Perma Dry 0.15 0.15
Beckosol 11-045-50 (RCI) 40.57 40.35
Troymax Zirconium 12% 4.00 4.00
White Spirits 7.04 7.00
n-Butanol 0.50 0.50
Troymax AntiSkin B 0.20 0.20 Troymax Cobalt 6% 0.17 0.17

Mineral Spirits 6.35 5.60 Troymax Calcium 10% 0.77 0.77

Totals 100.00 100.00 Troymax AntiSkin B 0.21 0.21

The above formulations were tinted with 2% (wt/wt) Engelhard, G1F Red Iron oxide tint paste, Totals 100.00 100.00
and 2% Huls, colortrend 888 Phthalo Blue tint paste

Formulation 4

Carbon Black Pigment Dispersion

Ingredients Control Troysperse CD1
(% Wt.) (% Wt.)
Duramac 2438 (McWhorter) 40.00 40.00
Mineral Spirits 40.00 36.60
Troysperse CD1 ------- 3.40
Raven Black 5000 Beads 20.00 20.00
(Columbian Chemical Co.)
Totals 100.00 100.00

4
I mproved Gloss

The gloss of a coating is enhanced by the degree

of dispersion of the pigment in the system. The
greater the dispersion and wetting of the pigment,
the higher the gloss of the finish coatings.
TroysperseTM CD1 excels in promoting gloss when
compared with competitive dispersants.

I mproved Rheology
Exhibit 3
The efficiency and compatibility of Troysperse CD1
promotes lower viscosity mill bases. Other benefits
to the formulator include: larger batch sizes, higher
pigment loading, higher production rates (may reduce mill
time), and an opportunity for raw materials cost savings.
Additionally, with the use of Troysperse CD1, the long term
stability of a finished pigmented system is maintained.

Troysperse CD1
After Three Months

Control
After Two Weeks

5
 CD1
I mproved Color Development

TroysperseTM CD1 was evaluated for color development

and tint strength versus several competitive products.
The photographs illustrate the improvement in these
properties when Troysperse CD1 was used.

Long Oil
Alkyd Enamel
Tinted 2% Red Iron Oxide Universal Colorant

Control Troysperse CD1

Medium Oil
Alkyd Enamel
Tinted Carbon Black Tinting Paste

Control Troysperse CD1

Long Oil
Alkyd Enamel
Tinted 2% Phthalo Universal Colorant

Control Troysperse CD1

Troysperse CD1 increases tinting strength and eliminates rub-up without any change in milling equipment.

6
B etter Package Stability

The use of TroysperseTM CD1 promotes a stable aged

viscosity and reduced settling. This will result in fewer
complaints and lower rework costs.

H ow to evaluate Troysperse CD1

Each pigment type has a unique affinity for a dispersant in
a given formulation. We call that the Dispersant Demand
Level, or DDL. It is necessary for coatings formulators
to determine and satisfy the DDL in order to optimize
processing efficiency. Adding more dispersant than the
DDL wastes raw material and provides no improved benefit.
Formulating below the DDL causes less color development
and increases grind times. Variables affecting the DDL
include such factors as pigment particle size, particle
shape, chemical nature of the pigment, electron charge,
and the amount of pigment being dispersed. Once the
DDL is determined, the maximum economic benefit of
Troysperse CD1 can be realized. Determining the DDL is
an easy process and can be performed in your laboratory.
First, prepare a series of samples, dispersant free, from
the same master pre-grind mix. Next, add Troysperse CD1
to the samples in incremental steps, all within the range
suggested in the table below. Disperse the samples in
like fashion: same type mill, same media, same speed,
same temperature, and same time. The samples are then
evaluated for viscosity and color development. Observe
color strength for chromatic pigments. Check hiding
power for white pigments. The sample that has the lowest
viscosity, and has the highest hiding power or color
strength, is the sample where the Dispersant Demand
Level has been satisfied.

Troysperse CD1 Use Level

Weight on Pigment Weight
Titanium Dioxide 1-2%
Fillers & Extenders 1-2%
Inorganic Pigments 2-5%
Organic Pigments 5-15%
Carbon Black 15-20%

7
S ervices

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to support our product line of preservatives and additives to
meet customer needs and provide market solutions.

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help you achieve your market objectives.
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NO WARRANTY IS MADE, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR-
POSE FOR THESE PRODUCTS. NO STATEMENTS OR RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED HEREIN ARE TO BE CONSTRUED AS INDUCEMENTS TO INFRINGE ANY
RELEVANT PATENT, NOW OR HEREAFTER IN EXISTENCE. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL TROY CORPORATION OR ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE FOR INCI-
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OUT OF THE USE OR HANDLING OF THESE PRODUCTS. THE SOLE LIABILITY OF TROY CORPORATION AND ITS AFFILIATES FOR ANY CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF
THE MANUFACTURE, USE OR SALE OF ITS PRODUCT SHALL BE FOR THE BUYER'S PURCHASE PRICE. NEITHER TROY CORPORATION NOR ANY AFFILIATES
ASSUMES ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY FOR THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT OR THE RESULTS OBTAINED. THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT
IS PROVIDED WITHOUT WARRANTY AND IS TO BE UTILIZED BY CUSTOMERS OF THE PRODUCTS AT THE CUSTOMER'S SOLE RISK. CUSTOMERS SHOULD
CONDUCT THEIR OWN TESTS IN ACTUAL USE CONDITIONS BEFORE COMMERCIAL USE OF THE PRODUCTS.

Troysperse™, Troysol™, Troymax™, and Troythix® are trademarks of Troy.

TB0112 5/2006
2006 Troy Corporation