Definitions Flashcards - Topic 6B Water Resource Management - Edexcel A Geography GCSE

Edexcel A Geography GCSE
Topic 6B: Water Resource Management

Definitions Flashcards
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Abiotic components
Abiotic components
Non-living environmental factors that

have influence over the ecosystem (e.g.
climate, light exposure, soil type).
Air Pollution
Air Pollution
The level of toxic gases and particulates

in the air.
Aquifer
Aquifer
A permeable or porous rock which stores

water.
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
The variety of species of plants and

animals within a region.
Biotic components
Biotic components
Living organisms that interact with the

environment and other organisms within
an ecosystem.
Channel Flow
Channel Flow
The movement of water flowing in a

rivulet, stream or river.
Convectional Precipitation
Convectional Precipitation
Solar radiation heats the air above the

ground, causing it to rise, cool &
condense forming precipitation (often as
thunderstorms).
Deforestation
Deforestation
The permanent (and usually large-scale)

removal of trees.
Degradation
Degradation
The act or process of damaging or

ruining the environment.
Depression
Depression
A system of low pressure, with fronts of

precipitation where low and high
pressure air masses meet.
Desalination Plant
Desalination Plant
The conversion of seawater to

freshwater, suitable for human
consumption happens here.
Drainage Basin
Drainage Basin
Often called a catchment area, it is an

area of land where all water, precipitation
and streams flow and drain off into a
single river, bay or out to sea.
Drainage Density
Drainage Density
The total length of all rivers and streams

divided by the area of the drainage
basin.
Drought
Drought
A prolonged dry period in the natural

climate cycle that can occur anywhere in
the world (WHO Definition).
Economic Water Scarcity
Economic Water Scarcity
When water resources are available but

insufficient economic wealth limits
access to it.
ENSO Cycles
ENSO Cycles
El Nino Southern Oscillations - naturally

occurring phenomena that involves the
movement of warm water in the
Equatorial Pacific.
Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration
The combined total moisture transferred

from the Earth to the atmosphere,
through evaporation and transpiration.
Forestry
Forestry
The management of woodland and

forests.
Fossil Fuels
Fossil Fuels
Fuels made up of the remains of organic

material, such as oil, coal and gas.
Frontal Precipitation
Frontal Precipitation
Where air masses of different temperatures

meet at a front, one mass will be forced over
another, causing precipitation beneath the
front.
Global Hydrological Cycle
Global Hydrological Cycle
The continuous transfer of water between land,

atmosphere and oceans. The Earth is a closed
system.
Groundwater Flow
Groundwater Flow
The horizontal movement of water

through permeable or porous rock deep
below the water table.
Hydrological Drought
Hydrological Drought
When reduced precipitation impacts

water supply. There is a decrease in
streamflow, soil moisture, reservoir, lake
and groundwater levels.
Industrialisation
Industrialisation
The development of the industrial sector

in a country or region.
Infiltration
Infiltration
The movement of water vertically

through the pores in soil.
Interception
Interception
Raindrops are prevented from falling

directly onto the ground, instead hitting
the leaves of a tree.
Meteorological Drought
Meteorological Drought
When the amount of precipitation

received in an area is below average.
Monsoon
Monsoon
The drastic variation between wet and

dry seasons for subtropical areas,
caused by a change in the prevailing
wind. It can lead to annual flooding.
Percolation
Percolation
Water moving vertically from soil into

permeable rock.
Physical Water Scarcity
Physical Water Scarcity
A physical lack of available freshwater

which cannot meet demand.
Relief Precipitation
Relief Precipitation
Precipitation produced when air masses

are forced to rise over high land,
determined by the relief/ morphology of
the land.
River Regime
River Regime
The pattern of river discharge (flow) over

a year.
Runoff
Runoff
Water flowing over the surface of the

ground e.g. after precipitation or
snowmelt.
Salinisation
Salinisation
When salt water contaminates

freshwater stores or soils, creating saline
conditions and reducing human use/
consumption.
Saltwater Encroachment
Saltwater Encroachment
The movement of saltwater into

freshwater aquifers or soils. This may be
caused by sea level rise, storm surges or
over-extraction
Smart Irrigation
Smart Irrigation
Providing crops with a water supply less

than optimal, to make crops resistant to
water shortages.
Soil Erosion
Soil Erosion
Removal of soil particles, causing a loss

of nutrients and moisture, leading to a
reduced number of plants.
Storm Hydrograph
Storm Hydrograph
A graph that shows the variation of river

discharge over a short period of time
(days).
Throughflow
Throughflow
Water moving horizontally through the

soil, due to gravity.
Transpiration
Transpiration
The process through which water evaporates

through the stomata in the leaves of plants.
Urbanisation
Urbanisation
The increase in the proportion of the population

living in urban areas.
Watershed
Watershed
The boundary between neighbouring drainage

basins.
Water Conservation
Water Conservation
Strategies to reduce water usage and demand.
Water Recycling
Water Recycling
The treatment and purification of wastewater, in

order to increase supply and meet demands.
Water Security
Water Security
The ability to maintain and access a sustainable

water source that adequately meets demand.
Water Pollution
Water Pollution
The levels of toxic substances and litter in

waterways and underground water stores.
Water Sharing Treaty
Water Sharing Treaty
International agreements for transboundary

water sources.
Water Transfer
Water Transfer
Hard engineering projects, such as pipelines or

aqueducts, which divert water between basins
to meet demand.

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Edexcel A Geography GCSE

Topic 6B: Water Resource Management

PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

Non-living environmental factors that

The level of toxic gases and particulates

A permeable or porous rock which stores

The variety of species of plants and

Living organisms that interact with the

The movement of water flowing in a

Solar radiation heats the air above the

The permanent (and usually large-scale)

The act or process of damaging or

A system of low pressure, with fronts of

The conversion of seawater to

Often called a catchment area, it is an

The total length of all rivers and streams

A prolonged dry period in the natural

When water resources are available but

El Nino Southern Oscillations - naturally

The combined total moisture transferred

The management of woodland and

Fuels made up of the remains of organic

Where air masses of different temperatures

The continuous transfer of water between land,

The horizontal movement of water

When reduced precipitation impacts

The development of the industrial sector

The movement of water vertically

Raindrops are prevented from falling

When the amount of precipitation

The drastic variation between wet and

Water moving vertically from soil into

A physical lack of available freshwater

Precipitation produced when air masses

The pattern of river discharge (flow) over

Water flowing over the surface of the

When salt water contaminates

The movement of saltwater into

Providing crops with a water supply less

Removal of soil particles, causing a loss

A graph that shows the variation of river

Water moving horizontally through the

The process through which water evaporates

The increase in the proportion of the population

The boundary between neighbouring drainage

Strategies to reduce water usage and demand.

The treatment and purification of wastewater, in

The ability to maintain and access a sustainable

The levels of toxic substances and litter in

International agreements for transboundary

Hard engineering projects, such as pipelines or

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