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Class 12 - Chemistry
Sample Paper - 03 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

Read the following instructions carefully.

a. There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

b. SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
c. SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
d. SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
e. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
f. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
g. All questions are compulsory.
h. Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The best method for the conversion of an alcohol into an alkyl chloride is by treating the alcohol with:
a) SOCl2 in presence of pyridine
b) PCl3
c) Dry HCl in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2
d) PCl5
2. In which one of the following options, both compounds have a sweet taste?
a) Glucose; alanine
b) Sucrose; glutamine
c) Glucose; glycine
d) Sucrose; leucine
3. With dilute nitric acid at low temperature (298 K), phenol yields
a) a mixture of ortho and para nitro phenols
b) p – Nitrophenol
c) m – Nitrophenol
d) o – Nitrophenol
4. The compound which forms acetaldehyde when heated with dilute NaOH is:
a) 1, 2 dichloroethane
b) 1, 1, 1 trichloroethane
c) 1 chloroethane
d) 1, 1 dichloroethane
5. The substance that slows down the reaction without being consumed is known as
a) Hormones
b) Inhibitors
c) Positive catalyst

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d) Catalysis
6. Match the items of column I with appropriate entries of column II.
Column I Column II
(a) Kb (i) Elevation in boiling point

(b) Kf (ii) Van't Hoff factor

(c) i (iii) Cryoscopic constant

(d) △T b (iv) Ebullioscopic constant
a) (a) - (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
b) (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)
c) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
d) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
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7. Chlorobenzene is formed by the reaction of chlorine with benzene in the presence of AlCl3. Which of the following
species attacks the benzene ring in this reaction?
a) AlCl3

b) [AlCl4]–

c) Cl+
d) Cl-
8. Which one of the following is an example of non – typical transition elements?
a) Li, Na, K
b) Zn, Cd, Hg
c) Ba, Ga, Sr
d) Be, Al,Pb
9. The slope of the line in the plot of concentration [A] Vs. time (s) indicate
a) +k
b) -k
+k
c) 2.303

d) −k

2.303

10. What compound is produced when cyclohexene is treated with concentrated KMnO4?
a) Succinic acid
b) Adipic acid
c) Hexanoic acid
d) Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
11. Which of the following is most acidic?
a) Cyclohexanol
b) Phenol
c) m – Chlorophenol
d) Benzyl alcohol
12. Amongst the given set of reactants, the most appropriate for preparing 2o amine is ________.
a) 1o R-NH2 + RCHO followed by H2 /Pt

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b) 1o R-Br (2 mol) + potassium phthalimide followed by H3O+/heat

c) 2o R-Br + NaCN followed by H2 /Pt

d) 2o R-Br + NH3
13. Assertion (A): Uracil is present in DNA.
Reason (R): DNA undergoes replication.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
14. Assertion (A): Oxidation of ketones is easier than aldehydes.
Reason (R): C-C bond of ketones is stronger than the C-H bond of aldehydes.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
15. Assertion (A): Phosphorus chlorides (tri and Penta) are preferred over thionyl chloride for the preparation of alkyl
chlorides from alcohol.
Reason (R): Phosphorus chlorides give pure alkyl halides.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
16. Assertion (A): Reimer-Tiemann reaction of phenol with CHCl3 in NaOH at 340 K gives salicylic acid as the major
product.
Reason (R): The reaction occurs through the intermediate formation of +CHCl2.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Section B
17. CuSO4.5H2O is blue in colour while CuSO4 is colourless. Why?
18. When a brown compound of manganese (A) is treated with HCl it gives a gas. The gas taken in excess reacts with NH3
to give an explosive compound Identify compounds A, B and C.
19. Answer the following:
1. What is the order of radioactive decay?
2. What are the units of rate of a reaction?
20. Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711 m aqueous solution of Na2SO4. If this solution actually

freezes at -0.320'C, what would be the value of Van't Hoff factor? (Kf for water = 1.86oC mol −1
)

OR

State Henry's law correlating the pressure of a gas and its solution in a solvent and mention two applications for the law.
21. a. Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their acidic character:
FCH2COOH, NO2CH2COOH, C6H5COOH

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b. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound:
O

||

C H3 − C H2 − C H2 − C − H

Section C
22. Consider the given Figure and answer the following questions.

i. Cell A has ECell = 2V and Cell B has ECell = 1.1V. Which of the two cells A or B will act as an electrolytic cell?
Which electrode reactions will occur in this cell?
ii. If cell A has ECell = 0.5V and cell B has ECell = 1.1V then what will be the reactions at anode and cathode?
23. i. Determine the units of rate constant for first and zero order reaction.
ii. Show that time required for the completion of 99% of the first order reaction is twice the 90% of completion of the
reaction.
24. How would you obtain the following.
i. Benzoquinone from phenol?
ii. 2-methyl propan-2-ol from methyl magnesium bromide?
iii. Propan-2-ol from propene?

OR

Show how are the following alcohols prepared by the reaction of a suitable Grignard reagent on methanal?
i. C H − C H − C H OH
3 2
|

C H3

ii.

25. Oxidation of ketones involves carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Name and write the products formed on oxidation of 2, 5-
dimethylhexan-3-one.
26. Describe the composition of anode and cathode in a mercury cell. Write the electrode reaction for this cell.
27. Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with OH-?
i. CH3Br or CH3I
ii. (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
28. What is an electrochemical series? How does it help in calculating the e.m.f of a standard cell?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The unique behaviour of Cu, having a positive E° accounts for its inability to liberate H2 from acids. Only oxidising
acids (nitric and hot concentrated sulphuric) react with Cu, the acids being reduced. The stability of the half-filled d sub-
shell in Mn2+ and the completely filled d10 configuration in Zn2+ are related to their E° values, whereas E° for Ni is

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related to the highest negative Δ hyd H°. An examination of the E o
3+ 2+
values the low value for Sc reflects the
(M /M )

stability of Sc3+ which has a noble gas configuration. The comparatively high value for Mn shows that Mn2+(d5) is
particularly stable, whereas a comparatively low value for Fe shows the extra stability of Fe3+ (d5). The comparatively
low value for V is related to the stability of V2+ (half-filled t2g level).

i. Why Zn has high value for M3+/M2+ Standard Electrode Potentials?

OR

Why Cu2+ is more stable than Cu+?

ii. Transition metals, despite high E° oxidation, are poor reducing agents. Justify.
iii. Why is Cr2+ reducing and Mn3+ oxidising when both Cr and Mn have d4 configuration?
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Vapour pressure of a liquid or a solution is the pressure exerted by the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid or solution at
a particular temperature. It depends upon the nature of the liquid and temperature. The non-volatile solute in solution
reduces the escaping tendency of the solvent molecules in the vapour phase because some of the solute particles occupy
the positions of the solvent molecules on the liquid surface. The relative lowering of the vapour pressure of a solution
containing a non-volatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of the solute in the solution. This is also known as Raoult's
law. However, for solutions of volatile solutes, the vapour pressure of a component in a solution at a given temperature is
equal to the mole fraction of that component in the solution multiplied by the vapour pressure of that pure component.
The solutions in which each component obeys Raoult's law is called an ideal solution. For ideal solutions ΔH andmixing

ΔV mixing are also zero. Practically no solution is ideal. A non-ideal solution is that solution in which solute and solvent
molecules interact with one another with a different force than the forces of interaction between the molecules of the
pure components. There are two types of non-ideal solutions, showing positive deviations and negative deviations from
ideal behaviour. If for the two components A and B, the forces of interaction between A and B molecules are less than
the A-A and B-B interactions, the non-ideal solutions have positive deviations. On the other hand, if the forces of
interaction between A and B molecules are more than the A-A and B-B interactions, the non-ideal solutions have
negative deviations.
i. What is the mole fraction of A in solution obeying result's low if the vapour pressure of a pure liquid A is 40
mm of Hg at 300 K. The vapour pressure of this liquid in solution with liquid B is 32 mm of Hg?
ii. Vapour pressure of a solution of heptane & octane is given by the equation:
P(sol.)(mm Hg) = 35 + 65x, where x is the mole fraction of heptane. Calculate the vapour pressure of pure
octane.
iii. What is the value of ΔVmixing and ΔHmixing for non-ideal solution showing negative deviation?

OR

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Acetic acid + pyridine, the mixture is an example of which type of solution?
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following:
1. During curdling of milk, what happens to sugar present in it?
2. What are the main functions of the hormone adrenaline?
3. Write functional differences between RNA & DNA.
4. Name the reagents used to check the reducing nature of carbohydrates.
5. What is the structural feature characterising reducing sugars?
6. What is the basic structural difference between glucose and fructose?
7. The two strands in DNA are not identical but are complementary. Explain.
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32. i. For the complex, [Fe(CN)6]3-, write the hybridisation type, magnetic character and spin nature of the complex.
(Atomic number of Fe = 26)
ii. Draw one of the geometrical isomers of the complex [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+ which is optically active.

OR

i. Draw all the possible isomers having the formula -Cr[(NH3)4Cl2]+

ii. Illustrate the following with an example:
a. Linkage isomerism
b. Coordination isomerism.
iii. Why is [NiCl4]2- programanetic ( Ni = 28)?
33. i. Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N.
ii. Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.
iii. What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?

OR

Give reasons:
i. Aniline does not undergo Friedal-Crafts reaction.
ii. Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis.
iii. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia.

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Class 12 - Chemistry
Sample Paper - 03 (2023-24)

Solution

Section A
1. (a) SOCl2 in presence of pyridine
Explanation: The hydroxyl group of an alcohol is replaced by halogen on reaction with concentrated halogen acids,
phosphorus halides, or thionyl chloride. Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is preferred because the other two products SO2 and
HCl are escapable gases. Hence, the reaction gives pure alkyl halides.
ROH + SOCl2 → RCl + SO2 (g) + HCl (g)
2. (c) Glucose; glycine
Explanation: Both glucose and glycine have sweet taste.
3. (a) a mixture of ortho and para nitro phenols
Explanation: Nitration of phenols: Phenols upon treatment with dilute nitric acid undergoes nitration at low temperature
(298 K) to give a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols. The mixture formed is further separated into ortho and para
nitrophenols by steam distillation on the basis of their volatility. Due to intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen
bonding, ortho nitrophenols are lesser volatile in comparison to para nitrophenols which involves only intermolecular
hydrogen bonding.

4. (d) 1, 1 dichloroethane
Explanation: CH3CHCl2 + OH- → CH3CH(OH)2 → CH3CHO + H2O
Gem diols like (CH3CH(OH)2 ) are generally not stable. The 2 -OH group attached to the same C removes H2O and
forms carbonyl compounds.
5. (b) Inhibitors
Explanation: Inhibitors inhibits the action of catalyst and hence slows down the rate of reaction.
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6. (d) (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
Explanation: (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
7. (c) Cl+
Explanation: Aluminum chloride (AlCl​3 ) is a Lewis acid catalyst and works in the same way as FeCl3 does. Benzene(C​​

6H6 )is converted into chlorobenzene by chlorination of benzene in the presence of AlCl3. The reaction occurs by an

electrophilic substitution reaction. Cl2 forms a coordination complex with AlCl3, forming Cl+AlCl4- complex, which

gives a slight positive charge to Cl, and AlCl4- is negatively charged. This Cl+ then reacts with the aromatic double bond
of the benzene ring to form an additional product, followed by deprotonation to form chlorobenzene and AlCl3 and HCl

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as the side products.

8. (b) Zn, Cd, Hg

Explanation: Zn, Cd, and Hg are not considered as transition elements because they do not have incompletely filled d
orbital in its ground state or stable oxidation state.
9. (b) -k
Explanation: Slop of the line indicates = -k while the intercept represents [R]0.
10. (b) Adipic acid
Explanation: Conc. KMnO4 will cause oxidative ozonolysis and ring-opening forming adipic acid.
Cyclohexene + conc. KMnO4 → HOOC(CH2)4COOH
11. (c) m – Chlorophenol
Explanation: In cases of halogen derivatives of phenols or aniline or benzoic acid etc, it is very helpful to understand
that all halogens, when attached to benzene ring, exerts -I as well as +R effect.
In case of Cl, Br and I, the +R effect has almost no effect on reactivity, acidic character or basic character of the benzene
ring. It is due to very less effective overlapping involving 2p of carbon and 3p or 4p or 5p of halogen.
Hence, only -I effect becomes the deciding factor, which is most dominant from ortho-position and least effective from
para-position. So m chlorophenol is most acidic.
12. (a) 1o R-NH2 + RCHO followed by H2 /Pt
Re ductive H2 /P t

Explanation: R − NH 2 + O = HCR −−−−−−→ R-N=CHR −−−−−−→ RNH RNH − CH 2R (secondary amine

o o
1 Anime Aldehyde animation 2 Anime
Re duction

formed)
13. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
14. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Oxidation of aldehyde is easier than ketones.
The difference between an aldehyde and ketone is the presence of a hydrogen atom attached to the carbon-oxygen double
bond in the aldehyde. Ketone doesn't have that hydrogen attached.
O O

|| ||
′
R− C − H R− C − R
Aldehyde Ketone

Due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the C=O group, the C−H bond in aldehyde is weak and thus it can be easily
oxidised to corresponding Carboxylic acid.
C-C bond ketone is stronger than the C-H bond of aldehydes.
15. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Thionyl chloride is preferred over phosphorous chlorides because along with the alkyl halides formed, the
by-products are SO2 and HCl, which are gaseous and hence can escape the reaction leaving pure halides.
16. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Intermediate formed is dichlorocarbene.
Section B
17. In CuSO4.5H2O, water acts as a ligand. As a result, it causes crystal field splitting.
Hence, the d-d transition of the electron is possible in CuSO4.5H2O and shows blue colour. In the anhydrous CuSO4 due

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to the absence of water (ligand), crystal field splitting is not possible and hence no d-d transitions of electron and no
colour imparted.
18. The compounds A, B and C are as follows:
A = MnO2, B = Cl2, and C = NCl3
The chemical reactions are explained as under:
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnC l2 + Cl2 + 2H2 O(A)
(A) (B)

3Cl2 + NH3 → NCl3 + 3HCl

(Excess) (C )

19. Answer the following:

1. First order.
2. The units of rate of a reaction are mol L-1 s-1. In gaseous reaction the unit of rate of reaction is atm s-1.
20. Given, m = 0.0711 m, ΔT = 0.320, K = 1.86 C mol
f f
0 −1

ΔTf = i Kf m
ΔTf
0.320 0.320
i = = = = 2.42
Kf ×m 1.86×0.0711 0.132

OR

Henry's law: It states that at a given temperature, the mass of the gas dissolved per unit volume of the solvent is
proportional to the pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution.
m = K.p where m is the mass of the gas dissolved per unit volume of solvent and p is pressure of the gas in equilibrium
with solution, K is proportionality constant.
Applications : It is used:
i. in the production of carbonated beverages.
ii. in the deep sea diving
iii. in the function of lungs
21. a. the decreasing order in terms of their acidic strength is:
NO2CH2COOH > FCH2COOH > C6H5COOH
b. IUPAC name - butanal
Section C
22. i. Cell 'B' will act as an electrolytic cell because the electrode potential of 'B' is less than that of 'A'. Electrode process
in the cell 'B' may be given as
Zn2+ + 2e- ⟶ Zn(s) (at Cathode)
Cu (s ) ⟶ Cu2+ + 2e- (at Anode )
ii. Cell 'B' at higher potential will act as the galvanic cell. The electrode process may be given as,
At anode: Zn (s) ⟶ Zn2+ +2e-
At Cathode Cu2+ +2e- ⟶ Cu (s)
23. i. K = (mol)1-n Ln-1 s-1
For zero order, n = 0
So, K = (mol)1-0 L0-1 s-1 = s-1 mol L-1
For first order, n = 1
K = (mol)1-n Ln-1 s-1
So, K = (mol)1-1 L1-1 s-1
= s-1

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ii. For a first order reaction,
[A]
2.303 0
t = log
K [A]

a×99
[A]0 = a, [A] = a − = 0.01a
100
2.303 a
t(99 percent) = log
K 0.01a
2.303
= log 100
K

...(i)
2.303
= × 2
K

For 90% completion of reaction,

a×99
[A] = a − = 0.1a
100
2.303 a
t(90 percent) = log
K 0.1a

....(i)
2.303
= × 1
K

Dividing equation (i) by equation (ii), we get t(99%) = 2 × t(90%)

Hence, the time taken to complete 9% of the first order reaction is twice the time required for the completion of 90%
of the reaction.

24. i.

OM gBr OH

| H2 O |

ii. C H3 M gBr + C H3 − C − C H3 → C H3 − C − C H3 −−−−−−−−→ C H3 − C − C H3

|| | |
Methyl magnesium −MG(OH )Br
O CH CH
chloride 3 3

Pr opanone 2−methylpropan−2−ol
+
H2 O/H

iii. C H 2 = C H − C H3 −−−−−→ C H3 − C H − C H3
P ropene |
OH

P ropan−2−ol

OR

i.

ii.

25. Being unsymmetrical ketone oxidation involves the C-C bond cleavage, oxidation occurs on either side of the C=O
group giving a mixture of 2-methyl propanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and propan 2-one. Propan-2- one on further
oxidation gives a mixture of ethanoic acid and methanoic acid.
CH CH
3 O 3

| || | [O]

C H3 − C H − C − C H2 − C H − C H3 −→
2,5−Dimethylhexan−3−one

CH
3 O

| ||

C H3 − C H − C H2 − C OOH + C H3 − C − C H3 → C H3 C OOH + HC OOH

3−Methylbu tan oic acid Pr opan−2−one Ethanoic acid Methanoic acid

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26. Mercury cell: It consists of zinc mercury amalgam as anode, a paste of HgO and carbon as cathode. The electrolyte is
paste of KOH and ZnO.
At anode : Zn (amalgam) + 2OH −
→ ZnO(s) + H2 O(1) + 2e
−

At cathode : HgO(s) + H O + 2e → Hg(1) + 2OH

2
− −

The net reaction : Zn (amalgam) + HgO(s) → ZnO(s) + Hg(1)

27. i. In the SN2 mechanism, the reactivity of halides for the same alkyl group increases in the order R-F << R-Cl < R-Br <
R-I. This happens because as the size increases, the halide ion becomes a better leaving group. Therefore, CH3I will

react faster than CH3Br in SN2 reactions with OH-.

ii. The SN2 mechanism involves the attack of the nucleophile at the atom bearing the leaving group. But, in case of
(CH3)3CCl,the attack of the nucleophile at the carbon atom is hindered because of the presence of bulky substituents
on the carbon atom bearing the leaving group. On the other hand, there are no bulky substituents on the carbon atom
bearing the leaving group in CH3Cl. Hence, CH3Cl reacts faster than (CH3)3CCl in SN2 reaction with OH-.
28. The series of elements which have been arranged on the basis of their electrode potential is called electrochemical series
or activity series.
Standard EMF of the cell = [standard reduction potential of the right hand side electrode] - [Standard reduction potential
of the left hand side electrode]
0 0
emf = E − E
cathode anode

Section D
29. i. Due to the removal of an electron from the stable d10 configuration of Zn2+.

OR

The Stability of Cu2+ is more than Cu+ as stability depends on the hydration energy of the ions when they bond
to the water molecules. The Cu2+ ion has a greater charge density than Cu+ ion and thus forms much stronger
bonds releasing more energy.
ii. Transition metals despite having high E° oxidation, are poor reducing agents because of their high heat of
vaporization, high ionisation energies and low heats of hydration.
iii. Cr2+ is reducing as its configuration changes from d4 to d3, the having a half-filled t2g level. On the other hand,

the change from Mn3+ to Mn2+ results in the half-filled (d5) configuration which has extra stability.
30. i. PA = xA × P
∘
A

32 = xA × 40
xA =
32

40

xA = 0.8
ii. For pure octane, x = 0
∴ p(sol.)(mm Hg) = P (octane) = 35 + 65 × 0 = 35 mm of Hg

iii. The value of ΔVmixing and ΔHmixing is negative.

OR

It is an example of Non-ideal solution.

Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following:
1. The milk sugar lactose is converted into lactic acid by the bacteria during curdling of milk.

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2. The main functions of adrenaline are:
i. It increases the pulse rate and blood pressure.
ii. It releases glucose from glycogen and fatty acids from fats.
3. DNA is very important for passing of hereditary information from one generation to other. In RNA, protein synthesis
takes place.
4. Tollen's reagent and Fehlings solution can be used to check reducing nature of sugars.
5. The reducing sugars have free aldehydic or ketonic groups.
6. Glucose has aldehydic group. Glucose is called as aldose
Fructose has ketonic group. Fructose is called as ketose.
Structures:

7. In the helical structure of DNA, the two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between specific pairs of bases.
Cytosine forms hydrogen bond with guanine, while adenine forms hydrogen bond with thymine. As a result, the two
strands are complementary to each other.
32. i. In [Fe(CN)6]3- complex, Fe is present as Fe3+.

Configuration of Fe= [Ar] 3d64s24p0

Outer configuration of Fe3+= 3d5

CN- being strong field ligand, pair up the unpaired d-electrons. Thus, two 3d-orbitals are now available for CN- ions.

3−
[Fe(CN)6 ]

Since one electron remains unpaired, the complex is paramagnetic.

Moreover, (n -1) d-orbitals are involved in bonding. So, it is an inner orbital or low spin complex.
ii. The complex, [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+ contains + two symmetrical bidentate ligands, ethylenediamine (en) and exists in two
geometrical isomers, as and trans. Trans isomer being symmetrical does not show optical isomerism and hence, this
isomer is optically inactive. While cis being unsymmetrical shows optical isomerism.

Hence, the structure of geometrical isomer (i.e. trans-isomer) of the complex [Pt(en)iCl2]2+ which is optically

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inactive is as follows:

trans [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+ isomer optically inactive (Superimposable mirror images)

OR

i.

ii.
a. Linkage isomerism: The isomerism in which a ligand can form linkage with metal through different atoms, e.g.
nitro group (-NO2)can link to metal either through nitrogen atom or through oxygen atom e.g.,
[CO(NH3)5ONO]Cl2
Pentaammine nitrite-o-cobalt III chloride.
[CO(NH3)5NO2]Cl2
Pentaammine nitrite-N-cobalt III chloride.
b. Coordination isomerism: This type of isomerism occurs when both the cations and anions are form complexes
and they differ in the coordination of ligands.
e.g. [Co(NH3)6][Cr(C2O4)3]and
[Co(NH3)6][Co(C2O4)3] are coordination isomers.

(c)Ni2+(28) = 4s0 3d8

Cl- is a weak ligand does not cause pairing of electrons.

iii.

Due to the presence of 2 unpaired electrons, it is paramagnetic in nature.

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33. (i), (ii) The structures and IUPAC names of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula,
C4 H11 N are given below:
a. C H 3 − C H2 − C H2 − C H2 − N H2

Butanamine(1 ∘
)

NH2

b. C H 3 − C H2 − C H − C H3

Butan-2-amine (1 ∘
)

C H3

c. C H − C H − C H − N H
3 2 2

2-Methylpropanamine (1 ) ∘

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C H3

d. C H 3 − C − N H2
|

C H3

2-Methylpropan-2-amine (1o)
e. C H 3 − C H2 − C H2 − N H − C H3

N-Methylpropanamine (2 ∘
)

f. C H 3 − C H2 − N H − C H2 − C H3

N-Ethylethanamine (2 ∘
)

C H3

g. C H 3 − C H − N H − C H3

N-Methylpropan-2-amine (2 ∘
)

C H3

h. C H − C H − N − C H
3 2 3

N, N- Dimethylethanamine (3 ∘
)

(iii) The pairs (a) and (b) and (e) and (g) exhibit position isomerism.
The pairs (a) and (c); (a) and (d); (b) and (c); (b) and (d) exhibit chain isomerism.
The pairs (e) and (f) and (f) and (g) exhibit metamerism.
All primary amines exhibit functional isomerism with secondary and tertiary amines and vice-versa.

OR

i. Aniline being a Lewis base reacts with Lewis acid (AlCl3) to form a salt.
+
−
C6 H5 NH2 + AlCl3 ⟶ C6 H5 N H2 AlC l
3

As a result, N acquires a positive charge so, it acts as a strong deactivating group for electrophilic substitution
reaction. Thus, aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
ii. Primary aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis because aryl halides do not undergo
nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is used for the
preparation of primary amines.
iii. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than the ammonia because the alkyl group in aliphatic amines has +I effect. So
the alkyl group tends to increase the electron density on the nitrogen atom whereas the electron releasing tendency of
amines becomes more than that of ammonia.

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