Media and Information Sources

Indigenous Sources
Through indigenous sources of information, we can learn about our rich
heritage.
A material is indigenous when it exists naturally in a particular region or
environment. When we refer to someone as indigenous, it connotes that
the person belongs to an ethnic tribe that has preserved and still
practices the culture and tradition of their ancestors.

Oral Tradition
• Oral tradition is a form of narration wherein the elders recount
their culture to their children and grandchildren through legends,
folktales, epics, mythologies, and folk songs.
• In oral tradition, the elders serve as the speaker while the younger
people are the listeners.
• Since oral tradition has been told and retold, it became a FICTION
Oral Tradition Examples
1. Legend
- It is a fiction which tells about the origin of something.
- Eg. The Philippine legend about the pineapple
2. Folktale
- Similar to a legend, a folktale is a narration about the
characteristics of the time and place in which the story is
told.
3. Epic
- An epic tells the heroic adventure of a main character
who sometimes possesses extraordinary powers. Like the
folktale, an epic is a narration that has become popular in
a particular place.
4. Mythology
- This is a story similar to a legend and folktale but it focuses
more on creation. Stories of mythology also tell how the
lives of mortals or humans are influenced by the gods.
Primary Sources
- are original materials such as artifacts, documents, recordings,
and other sources of information that were produced during a
particular period in history.
 - Relics or artifacts such as pottery, ornaments, accessories, and
other objects found on historical burial sites are considered
primary sources of information as these are concrete evidence of
the things used by people in the past.

This copperplate, which dates

back to 900 AD, shows that early
Filipinos must have interacted
with our Asian neighbors, as its
inscription is similar with Hindu
and Javanese script. The Laguna
copperplate also shows that laws
already existed back then since the message on the copperplate was about
the settlement of debt.

Secondary Sources
- are documents made after an event has taken place. Secondary
sources give second-hand accounts about a particular event,
person, or information. They provide another angle and analysis
from the perspective of another person. Some history books are
regarded as secondary sources of information.
- If you need to do extensive research, it would be best to go to the
library so you can choose from a wide range of books, magazines,
and other reference materials. One has to apply for a library card
before he can borrow a book. A fine has to be paid in case a book
is not returned on time.
- Some libraries have Internet access, while others have online
subscriptions of the latest academic journals and subscriptions of
varied periodicals

Royal Library of Alexandria

- One of the renowned libraries
is The Royal Library of
Alexandria, which is the
oldest library in the world
and believed to be
approximately built in 300 BC
located in Alexandria, Egypt.
 Unfortunately, The Royal Library of Alexandria no longer exist as
Julius Caesar accidentally burned it down during

the Alexandrian War. During that time, the Royal Library of

Alexandria was the center of learning

Bibliothèque Nationale de France (National Library of France)

- built in 1368 is considered
the oldest public library in
the world which still exist
today. Apart from its vast
collection, the National
Library of France has a
stunning architectural
design. This library is open
to the public.
- The Biblioteca Nacional de Filipinas, established on August 12,
1887, by a royal order from the Spanish government, is now
known as the National Library of the Philippines. Located in
Ermita, Manila, near Rizal Park, it serves as the official national
library. The institution provides access to related government
entities like the National Historical Commission of the Philippines
and operates under the jurisdiction of the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts. The National Library houses significant
collections, including original works by Dr. Jose Rizal, such as Noli
Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Mi último adiós.

Louvre Museum Venus de Milo Mona Lisa Winged Victory

- Apart from being a museum,

it is also a hub for research
about the history and
science of aviation, space
flight, planetary science,
terrestrial geology, and
geophysics.
- The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in France. The
Smithsonian Institution is in charge with the National Air and
Space Museum (NASM) located in Washington, D. C. This museum
 holds the largest collection of historic aircraft and spacecraft in
the world.
- The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre) in France is one of the
most visited museums in the world.

Venus de Milo Mona Lisa Winged Victory

Ayala Museum
The Ayala Museum located in Makati
City is famous for its exhibit of 60
handcrafred dioramas, which highlights
the important events in Philippine
history. This museum also has a
collection of archeological facts, which
consists of notable precolonial

treasures.

The Mind useum

The Mind Museum is famous for its
250 interactive exhibits about
science. It is divided into five
themes: Atom, Earth, Life, Universe,
and Technology. This museum is
located in Taguig City.

 An interview can be a substantial source of information if the

interviewee is an expert in his field of study. Before conducting
 the interview, the researcher should prepare relevant questions so
the interviewee can give sufficient answers.
 If you want to do thorough research about history, you can check
out the archives to find public records or historical materials.
 A blog is similar to an editorial column where the editor expresses
his opinion about certain issues.
 A blogger who owns or maintains a blog shares his insights and
reviews anything that interests him.

Advantages and Limitations of Some Types of Media

Print Media
Advantages Disadvantages

• Information is comprehensive • Information can easily

but easy to read.
• It is still accessible even if
there is no electricity.
• A new material is always
available.
• It is readily available at the
library.
• It is affordable and easy to
carry.
become outdated.
• Since the material is made of
paper, it can easily get wet or
burned.
• Researching and reading can
be time consuming.
• Some of the materials are for
library use only.

Broadcast Media
Advantages time to express their
 Broadcast media is very opinions.
versatile as it offers audio and
Disadvantages
visual presentations, which
• Information can only be accessed
can be both informative and
if one has a television or a
entertaining.
radio.
 Information can be interactive
• It cannot be accessed without
as it can be viewed and heard.
electricity.
 Some forms of broadcast
• The audience does not have
media give the audience air
control over the available
shows and format.
 New Media (Internet)
Advantages
• Information can be retrieved
easily, are readily available,
and can usually be accessed
freely.
• It is always updated.
• The Internet allows global
connectivity and interaction.
Email Correspondence
Advantages
• E-mail allows a researcher to
communicate with the
resource person, local or
abroad.
• It also allows sharing of
information and files through
attachments
Disadvantages
• The user should be skilled in
information technology.
• The user needs to have a
computer with Internet access.
• Some information may be
inaccurate.
Disadvantages
• The researcher needs to verify if
the e-mail address belongs to
the resource person.
• Getting information could be
delayed if the resource person
does not check his e-mail
regularly.
• E-mails can end up in the SPAM
folders or accidentally be
deleted.