Unit 5: Digestive System

Circle the best answer for the following sentences.

1. Which part of the body is not a part of the digestive system?
A. Stomach B. Small intestine C. Brain D. Liver
2. Bile juice is formed in the _____________.
A. kidney B. liver C. salivary gland D. lung
3. Which is the longest organ of digestive system in human body?
A. Pancreatic B. Small intestine C. Large intestine D. Esophagus
4. Which part of the digestive system helps to remove extra water from the digested food materials?
A. Small intestine B. Pancreas C. Large intestine D. Oesophagus
5. The main function of the wall of the small intestine is the absorption of ___________from food.
A. nutrients B. vitamins C. water D. non-nutritive residue
6. The oesophagus is the part that connects the mouth to the ___________.
A. liver B. pancreas C. gallbladder D. stomach
7. Fats is completely digested in the ___________because it gets bile from the liver through the
gallbladder.
A. stomach B. oesophagus C. small intestine D. large intestine
8. From the mouth, food reaches into the stomach through a food pipe called the ____________.
A. stomach B. oesophagus C. anus D. rectum
9. The _________are found inside the small intestine to absorption of nutrients from the digested
food.
A. villi B. acids C. bile juices D. enzymes
10. What does the liver do to help digestion?
A. Makes important enzymes B. Neutralizes stomach acid
C. Produces bile D. Regulates insulin
11. What tube moves food from the back of your throat to the stomach?
A. Epiglottis B. Esophagus C. Feeding tube D. Pharynx
12. Which organs help with the absorption of nutrients?
A. Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder B. Liver, heart, and spleen
C. Gallbladder, kidneys, and appendix D. Kidneys, liver and bladder
13. The correct term for the digestive tract that begins at the mouth and finishes at the anus is
called?
A. Digestive passage B. Elementary canal C. Alimentary canal D. Intestinal tract
14. Food is broken down in the mouth both mechanically by chewing and, and chemically by
_______present in the saliva.
A. surface area B. animo acids C. enzymes D. urine
15. Where waste is stored before it eliminated from the body?
A. Rectum B. Epiglottis C. Esophagus D. pancreas
16. The duodenum is _____________.
A. the section of the small intestine directly connected with the stomach
B. the tube which leads from the pancreas to the small intestine
C. the section of the small intestine directly connected with the large intestine
D. the tube which leads from the liver to the small intestine
17. __________is the process by which nutrients pass through the wall of the digestive system into
your blood.
A. Elimination B. Absorption C. Digestion D. Peristalsis
18. Which of the following shows the correct pathway of food through the digestive tract?
A. Mouth, stomach, oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
B. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
C. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum
D. Mouth, oesophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum
19. Located where the small intestine joins the large intestine. It has no known purpose.
A. Gall bladder B. Pancreas C. Appendix D. Stomach
20. Water is removed and the materials that are not digested move into this structure.
A. Stomach B. Gall bladder C. Small intestine D. Large intestine
21. _________is the longest and most movable part of the colon.
A. Ascending colon B. Transverse colon C. Sigmoid colon D. Descending colon
22. It is located at the end of digestive system and its function is to expel waste materials.
A. Anus B. rectum C. colon D. intestine
23. Where does the useful substances go into through the wall of the intestine?
A. stomach B. blood C. liver D. colon
24. __________is the first section of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the jejunum.
A. Ileum B. Cecum C. Anus D. Duodenum
25. How long does the food stay in the stomach?
A. nearly 1 hour D. over 2 hours C. 1-2 hours D. 4 hours
 Link each organ to its main function.

Anus   Produces enzymes that are released to the small intestine.

Salivary glands   Eliminates the feces.

Esophagus   Absorbs the nutrients.

Gallbladder   Keeps the food for chewing.

Pancreas   Stores bile from the liver.

Liver   Absorbs water from the undigested food.

Rectum   Produces bile.

Stomach   Channels the food from the pharynx into the stomach.

Large intestine   Produces saliva.

Small intestine   Keeps the feces.

Mouth   Produces acid and enzymes to digest food.

Classify the sentences as true or false

The digestion process starts in the stomach.

Salivary glands produce saliva, which contain enzymes.

The sequence of processes in human digestion is ingestion, digestion, absorption and egestion.

The liver produces bile.

Absorption of main nutrients occur in the large intestine.

UNIT 5 MEDICAL TERM DEFINITION
N0 Definition Word
1 Inflammation of the appendix A_________________
2 Tumor of the bile duct C_________________
3 Inflammation of the gallbladder C_________________
4 Condition of stones in the common bile duct C_________________
5 Condition of gallstones C_________________
6 Inflammation of the esophagus E_________________
7 Inflammation of the stomach G_________________
8 Inflammation of the stomach and intestines G_________________
9 Inflammation of the stomach, intestines and colon G_________________
10 Inflammation of the gums G_________________
11 Inflammation of the liver H_________________
12 Tumor of the liver H_________________
13 Inflammation of the palate P_________________
14 Inflammation of the pancreas P_________________
15 Protrusion of the rectum R_________________
16 Stone in the salivary gland S_________________
17 Inflammation of the uvula U_________________
18 Surgical repair of the abdomen A_________________
19 Surgical repair of the anus A_________________
20 Excision of the appendix A_________________
21 Excision of the gallbladder C_________________
22 Incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone C_________________
23 Excision of the colon C_________________
24 Creation of an artificial opening into the colon C_________________
25 Suture of the intestine E_________________
26 Excision of the stomach G_________________
27 Creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum G_________________
28 Surgical repair of the stomach G_________________
29 Creation of an artificial opening into the stomach G_________________
30 Surgical removal of the gum G_________________
31 Suture of the tongue G_________________
32 Excision of half of the colon H_________________
33 Creation of an artificial opening into the ileum I_________________
34 Incision into the abdomen L_________________
35 Surgical repair of the palate P_________________
36 Excision of the uvula U_________________
37 Instrument used for visual examination of the colon C_________________
38 Visual examination of the colon C_________________
39 Instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ E_________________
40 Visual examination within a hollow organ E_________________
41 Instrument for visual examination of the esophagus E_________________
42 Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum E_________________
43 Visual examination of the esophagus E_________________
44 Instrument used for visual examination of the stomach G_________________
45 Instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity L_________________
46 Visual examination of the abdominal cavity L_________________
47 Instrument used for visual examination of the rectum P_________________
48 Visual examination of the rectum P_________________
49 Pertaining to anus A_________________
50 Pertaining to colon and rectum C_________________
51 Difficult digestion D_________________
52 Difficult swallowing D_________________
53 Pain in the stomach G_________________
54 A physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and G_________________
intestines
55 Study of the stomach and intestines G_________________
56 Softening of the stomach G_________________
57 Disease of the tongue G_________________
58 Pertaining to ileum and cecum I_________________
59 Pertaining to nose and stomach N_________________
60 Pertaining to the mouth O_________________
61 Pertaining to pancreas P_________________
62 Physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum P_________________
63 Study of the rectum P_________________
64 Pertaining to the rectum R_________________
65 Pertaining to under the tongue S_________________

UNIT 5 – WORD PARTS AND TERMS

I. Circle the best answer for the following sentences

1. The term_______________ means inflammation of the pancreas.

A. pancreatalgia B. pancreatectomy C. pancreatitis D. pancreatotomy

2. The term _____________describes inflammation of the gallbladder.

A. cholecystectomy B. cholecystitis C. cholecystotomy D. cholelithiasis

3. _________________is the creation of a new opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

A. gastroduodenostomy B. gastroenterectomy C. gastrojejunotomy D.

gastrocolonopexy

4. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the _______________.

A. lip B. tongue C. gums D. salivary glands

5. A ___________is a physicians who specializes in treating patients with diseases of the liver.
A. hematologist B. hepatologist C. nephrologist D. oncologist

6. The term ______________means abnormal enlargement of the liver.

A. hepatitis B. hepatomalacia C. hepatomegaly D. hepatorrhexis

7. When an entire gastrectomy is performed, a new connection (opening) is formed between the
esophagus and duodenum. This is called an ________________.

A. gastroenterocolostomy B. duodenocholecystostomy

C. esophagogastrostomy D. esophagoduodenostomy

8. A medical term for plastic surgery of the mouth is ________________.

A. stomatoplasty B. perioral C. odontalgia D. gnathoplasty

9. A disease of the small intestine is also called _____________.

A. gastroscopy B. enteropathy C. hepatoma D. ileitis

10. ______________means ‘pain in the stomach’

A. enteritis B. odontalgia C. gastralgia D. pancreatitis

II. Match a medical term and its definition.

1. A surgical procedure that forms a new opening between the stomachand small intestine.
___________________
2. Pertaining to the stomach and small intestine. ___________________

3. Pertaining to the colon or large intestine. ________________

4. Inflammation of the rectum and colon. ________________

5. Incision of the bladder through the rectum. ____________________

6. Instrument for examining the anus and rectum ________________

7. Examination of the anus and rectum _________________

8. Excision of part or all of the pancreas ________________

9. disease of the colon ________________

10. Pain of the stomach and intestine _______________

III. Build a surgical word that means:

1. Excision of gums (tissue)

2. Partial or complete excision of the tongue

3. Repair of the esophagus

4. Removal of part or all of the stomach

5. Forming an opening between the stomach and jejunum

6. Excision of (part of) the esophagus

7. Forming an opening between the stomach, small intestine, and colon

8. Surgical repair of the small intestine

9. Incision into the pancreas

10. Suture of the bile duct

11. Forming an opening into the colon

12. Fixation of a movable liver (to the abdominal wall)

13. Surgical repair of the anus or rectum

14. Removal of the gallbladder

15. Surgical repair of a bile duct

 UNIT 5 REVIEW

PART I: Grammar and Vocabulary:

1. The ________is a pear-shaped reservoir located next to the liver and stores bile, releasing it to
the small intestine.
A. liver B. gallbladder C. pancreas D. rectum
2. We use a ______________to examine the interior of the colon.
A. colonitis B. colonoscopy C. colonstomy D. colonoscope
3. She's a resident in oncology at Boston General Hospital. She _______for a year.
A. works and studies B. worked and studied
C. hasworked and studied D. has worked and has studied
4. The digestive system ______________
A. Pumps blood throughout the body
B. Breaks down food so that the nutrients can pass to the blood stream
C. Produces urine, to eliminate toxic substances from the body
D. Helps you get the oxygen your body need
5.__________ the scientific study of the structure and diseases of teeth.
A. Gastrology B. Odontology C. Dentist D. Gastropathy
6. _______ is a mass of food which has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed.
A. Bolus B. Chyme C. Juice D. Leftover
7. My brother ___________a kidney transplantation once in her life.
A. has B. is having C. had D. has had
8. ________are stored in the rectum before leaving the body through the anus.
A. Minerals B. Nutrients C. Feces D. Vitamins
9. When we talk about processing of cutting, we use the suffix_________.
A. –cision B. –ectomy C. -otomy D. -ostomy
10. Shortly after his emergency __________ surgery, Bret Michaels was hospitalized after suffering
a brain hemorrhage.
A. appetite B. appendicular C. appendicitis D. appendix

PART II: Writing

Write a word for each of the following definitions

16. It produces bile L __ __ __ __

17. It’s a long tube between the pharynx and the stomach. E __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

18. It’s the last portion of the large intestine R __ __ __ __ __

19. It’s the first part of the small intestine D __ __ __ __ __ __ __

20. It’s at the end of the alimentary canal. A __ __ __

Write a medical term for each of the following definitions

21. Excision of the stomach _____________________

22. Referring to the pancreas _____________________

23. The study of diseases related to mouth _____________________

24. A doctor who look after teeth & gums _____________________

25. surgical removal of an appendix _____________________

Use no more than three words to rewrite these sentences

26. He has had stomach trouble for a week.

=> It’s a week ____________ had stomach trouble.

27. Mr. Paker has suffered from ankle oedema increasing for some days.

=> Mr. Paker started ___________ ankle oedema increasing some days ago.

28. The patient hasn’t had any troubles with the colon before.

=> It’s the first time the patient __________ troubles with the colon.

29. The last time he had a car accident since he was 18.

=> He ___________a car accident since he was 18.

30. When did she start feeling painful?

=> ___________has she felt painful?

1. Which of these organs is not part of the urinary system?

A. The pancreas B. the bladder C. the kidneys

B. 2. Which substance do the kidneys filter to produce urine?

A. Chyme B. blood C. lymph

3. The bladder expels urine through which passage?

A. The ureter B. the vena cava C. the urethra

4. What is the function of the ureter?

A. To transport urine to the bladder

B. To expel urine from the bladder

C. To transport blood to the kidneys

5. What function does the bladder serve?

A to reabsorb nutrients

B. to hold urine before it is excreted

C. To transport urine from the kidneys

6. What causes the high blood pressure in the glomerulus?

A.The diameter of the blood vessels increasing

B. Blood vessels pumping the blood into the kidney

C. The diameter of the blood vessels decreasing

7. What are the specialised filtering units in the kidneys called?

A. Nephrons B. neurons C. adrenal glands

8. Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A human growth hormone (hgh)

B. Antidiuretic hormone (adh)

C. gastrin

9. Urea is made from excess _______ in the diet?

A. Amino acids B. glucose C. fatty acids

10. Where is the urea produce?

A. In the gallbladder B. in the liver C. in the pancreas

Complete the sentences using the words presented below.

The urinary system produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidney.

The urinary tract is a pathway that includes the (1)____________________ (two bean-shaped
organsthat filter waste from the blood and produce urine), the ureters (two thin tubes that take urine
from the kidney to the bladder), the bladder (a sac that stores urine) and the
(2)____________________(the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body).

The kidneys filter waste and extra water from the (3)____________________ and produce urine.
Each kidney is made up of about a million filtering units called (4) ____________________. Each
of these units includes a filter, called the (5) ____________________, and a tubule.

The glomerulus is a network of (6)____________________ that are enclosed in a cup-shaped

structure called the (7) ____________________. Fluid is filtered from the capillaries to the
Bowman’s capsule and form the (8) ___________________. Only elements that are small enough
can pass through the membrane; blood cells and large molecules, mostly (9)
____________________, are too large to pass.

The filtrate then moves through the system of tubes, where elements are added

(10) ____________________ from the blood) or removed (11) ____________________ back into
the blood).

The tubule includes four segments: (12) ____________________, where reabsorption of nutrients
and substances that the body needs occur; (13) ____________________, which controls the
concentration of the urine; and (14) ____________________tubule, that regulates sodium,
potassium and pH. The formed fluid then passes to the (15) ___________________, which
regulates water and sodium reabsorption, forming the urine.

Numerous collecting ducts merge into the (16)____________________, which then becomes the
(17) ____________________. The ureter empties the urine into the (18) __________________.
The urethra carries the urine away from the bladder to the outside of the body.

For each question, select the correct option.

1.It’s not a function of the urinary system to…

A.Remove waste products from the bloodstream
B.Storage and excrete urine
C. Regulate leukocyte and platelet production
D. Regulate blood volume and, indirectly, blood pressure
2.The basic functional unit of the kidney is the…
A. Alveolus
B. Renal pyramid
C. Renal pelvis
D. Nephron
3.The urinary bladder has openings to the…
A.Nephron and ureters
B.Nephron and urethra
C. Urethra and ureters
D. Renal pelvis and urethra
4.The sequence that correctly traces the path of urine after it leaves the kidneys is…
A. Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
B. Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
C. Urethra, urinary bladder, ureters
D. Urinary bladder, urethra, ureters
5.Components of a nephron include…
A. A renal corpuscle
B. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules
C. A nephron loop
D. All of the above
6.The last part of a nephron is the...
A. Collecting duct
B. Renal papilla
C. Glomerulus
D. Distal convoluted tubule
7.The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and…
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
8.The loop of Henle exists between the…
A. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
B. Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
C. Peritubular capillaries and collecting duct
D. Afferent artery and efferent artery
9.Urine flows to the urinary bladder from the kidney through the …
A. Urethra
B. Ureter
C. Proximal tube
D. Distal tube
10.The three interrelated processes of urine formation are…
A. Filtration, secretion and excretion
B. Secretion, reabsorption and micturition
C. Excretion, storage and micturition
D. Filtration, reabsorption and secretion
11.Most tubular reabsorption occurs at the...
A. Loop of Henle
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Glomerulus
12.In the process of tubular excretion, substances move…
A. From the peritubular capillaries to the proximal convoluted tubule
B. From the peritubular capillaries to the distal convoluted tubule
C. From the Bowman’s capsule to the glomerulus
D. From the glomerulus to the Bowman’s capsule
13.We should not find in the glomerular filtrate…
A. Glucose
B. Protein
C. Uric acid
D. Creatinine

Complete the crosswords about the Urinary System.

HORIZONTAL
3.The liquid produced by the kidneys to carry wastes
from the body.
4.The basic functional unit of the kidney.
6.Tube through which the urine passes from the urinary
bladder to the outside of the body.
8.Funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes
it to the ureter.
VERTICAL
1.Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds
the urine.
2.Tube that receives the urine from the kidneys and
carries it to the urinary bladder.
5.Cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the
nephron.
7.Bean-shaped organ that removes waste products
from the blood and aids in maintaining water and
electrolyte balances.