DIHYBRID CROSSING SEX DETERMINATION AND SEX-LINKED DISEASES BLOOD GROUPS

1. Two characteristics of rabbits (length of the ears and shape of the lip) 5. Human blood groups are controlled by multiple alleles.
were studied. Each of these characteristics has two variations: Ears 3.1 Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. 5.1 List all the alleles that control human blood groups. (3)
may be long or short, and the lip may be wide or pointed. 3.1.1 The appearance, structure and functioning of IA, ✓ IB ✓and i. ✓
A male rabbit homozygous for wide lips (LL) and heterozygous for the body is controlled by 22 pairs. 5.2 How many of the alleles named in QUESTION 5.1 can any
short ears (Ee) is crossed with a female rabbit that is heterozygous for What are these chromosomes called? Autosomes ✓ (1) individual inherit? Two ✓ (1)
wide lips (Ll) and homozygous for long ears (ee). 3.2 What are the sex chromosomes called? Gonosomes ✓ (1) 5.3 The table below summarises the different blood groups resulting
1.1 What term describes a genetic cross involving two characteristics? (1) 3.3 Sipho and Pamela have three sons and Pamela is pregnant from different allele combinations. Complete the table by filling in
Dihybrid cross ✓ again. the missing blood groups.
1.2 Give the Show by means of a genetic cross what the percentage chance is
a) dominant phenotype for the length of ears. short ears ✓ (1) of them having a baby girl. (7)
Genotype Blood group
b) recessive phenotype for the shape of the lip pointed lip ✓ (1) P1 Phenotype Male X Female
IAIA A
c) possible genotype for a rabbit with short ears and a pointed lip Genotype XY X XX ✓ IAi A
Eell or Eell ✓ (1) Meiosis
Gametes X and Y X X and X ✓ IBIB B
1.3 A male rabbit with genotype EELl is crossed with a female rabbit ✓
Gametes X Y IBi B
with genotype Eell. List all the possible gametes that could be
Fertilisation X XX XY IAIB AB
produced by the male rabbit. EL ✓ and El ✓ (2)
X XX XY ii O
1.4 Explain how Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment applies to ✓P1 and F1
Genotype XX XX XY XY ✓
parents with LlEe genotypes during gamete formation. (4) How many blood groups are found in humans? Four (1)
F1 Phenotype 50% female; 50% male ✓
Due to random arrangement of chromosomes at the equator✓during
meiosis✓any one of the two alleles of a characteristic can sort with any Their chances are 50% *✓
two of another characteristic. The alleles of different genes move 6. A man with blood group AB and a woman who is heterozygous for
independently ✓ of each other into the gametes ✓ They can therefore
blood group B plan to have children.
appear in the gametes in different combinations: LE, Le, lE, le ✓(any 4) 3.2 Haemophilia is a sex-linked disease caused by the presence of a recessive
allele (Xh). 6.1 How many alleles control the inheritance of blood groups? 3 (1)
3.2 1 A normal father and heterozygous mother have children. Construct a 6.2 Describe the type of dominance that occurs in the inheritance of
2. In holly trees, red fruit (R) is dominant over white fruit (r) and genetic cross to determine the possible genotype and phenotype of the Blood group B in the woman. (3)
spiny leaves (L) are dominant over smooth leaves (l). children of the parents. Also indicate the proportion of F1 phenotypes • Complete dominance *✓
The Punnett square below shows the possible results of a cross • The allele for blood group B/IB is dominant✓and
between two individual plants. The genotype at X is not given. • the allele for blood group O/i is recessive✓
Gametes RL Rl rL rl • IB masks the expression of i ✓ (*✓ + any 2)
RL X RRLl RrLL RrLl 6.3 Use a genetic cross to show all the possible genotypes and
Rl RRLl RRll RrLl Rrll phenotypes of their children. (6)
rL RrLL RrLl rrLL rrLl
rl RrLl Rrll rrLl rrll
2.1 Give the
2.1.1 genotype of X: RRLL (1)
2.1.2 the phenotype of the parents (2)
Red fruit ✓ with spiny leaves ✓
2.2 In a population of 128 plants, how many plants with red fruit
and smooth leaves are expected from the Punnett square
above? Show ALL working. (3)
𝟑
✓ 𝒙 𝟏𝟐𝟖✓ = 𝟐𝟒✓ 3.2.2. Explain why the chances of men having a sex-linked disorder is much
𝟏𝟔
2.3 A farmer wanted to produce plants with only white fruit and higher than it is for women. (4)
spiny leaves. Give the genotype of the plants that he should The allele for the trait is carried on the X-chromosome ✓
use in the cross. (2) The Y-chromosome does not carry the allele for the trait ✓
rrLL ✓✓ OR one parent is rrLL and the other rrLL. ✓✓ Males only have one X-chromosome✓
2.4 Determine the phenotypic ratio from the punnet square. (2) A male only needs one recessive allele ✓to be affected, whereas for a female
Red fruit Spiny leaves: Red fruit Smooth leaves: White fruit to be affected both alleles must be recessive ✓ (any 4)
Spiny leaves: white fruit Smooth leaves ✓ = 9:3:3:1✓
MSED GENETICS ONE PAGER 2 OF 4