ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ ПО ТЕМЕ: «СТРОЕНИЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ

КЛЕТОК»

1) VOCABULARY

Глоссарий

1. Cell - /sel/ - клетка

2. Plant - /plɑ:nt/ - растение
3. Cell wall - /sel wɔ:l/ - клеточная стенка
4. Cell membrane - /sel ˈmembreɪn/ - клеточная мембрана
5. Nucleus - /ˈnju:kliəs/ - ядро
6. Chloroplast - /ˈklɔ:rəʊplæst/ - хлоропласт
7. Vacuole - /ˈvækju:l/ - вакуоль
8. Cytoplasm - /ˈsaɪtəplæzəm/ - цитоплазма
9. Mitochondria - /ˌmaɪtəˈkɒndriə/ - митохондрии
10. Golgi apparatus - /ˈɡɒldʒi əˈpærətəs/ - аппарат Гольджи
11. Endoplasmic reticulum - /ˌendəʊˈplæzmɪk rɪˈtɪkjələm/ - эндоплазматическая сеть
12. Ribosome - /ˈraɪbəsəʊm/ - рибосома
13. Lysosome - /ˈlaɪsəsəʊm/ - лизосома
14. Plasmodesmata - /ˌplæzməʊˈdezmətə/ - плазмодесмы
15. Starch grains - /stɑ:rtʃ ɡreɪns/ - крахмальные зерна
16. Cellulose fibers - /ˈseljʊloʊs ˈfaɪbərz/ - целлюлозные волокна
17. Nucleolus - /ˌnju:kliˈəʊləs/ - нуклеолус
18. Peroxisome - /pəˈrɒksɪsəʊm/ - пероксисома
19. Amyloplast - /ˈæmɪləʊplæst/ - амилопласт
20. Tonoplast - /ˈtɒnəplæst/ - тонопласт
Упражнения для отработки лексики:

Exercise 1. Flashcards
Exercise 2. Find the defenition for each term
a) a basic unit of life

b) a living organism that typically has roots, stems, leaves, and uses photosynthesis to produce
its own food

c) a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support and protection to the cell

d) a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls the movement of substances in and
out of the cell

e) the central part of a cell that contains DNA and controls the cell's activities

f) an organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place

g) a storage sac within a cell that stores water, nutrients, and waste products

h) the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds organelles in place

i) organelles that produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration

j) an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport within or outside the cell

1) cell wall
2) Plant
3) cell membrane
4) cell
5) mitochondria
6) chloroplast
 7) golgi apparatus
8) cytoplasm
9) vacuole
10) nucleus

Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps Suggested words:

a) The ___ is involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids and proteins.
b) ___ are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
c) ___ are responsible for breaking down waste materials in the cell.
d) ___ are channels that allow for communication between plant cells.
e) ___ are stored in plant cells as a source of energy.
f) ___ provide structural support to plant cells.
g) The ___ is a small structure within the nucleus that produces ribosomes.
h) ___ are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful
substances in the cell.
i) ___ are responsible for storing and synthesizing starch in plant cells.
j) The ___ is a membrane surrounding the vacuole in plant cells.

1) Endoplasmic reticulum
2) Plasmodesmata
3) Lysosome
4) Nucleolus
5) Cellulose fibers
6) Starch grains
7) Tonoplast
8) Ribosome
9) Amyloplast
10) Peroxisome

2) READING
 Text 1.
"The Unique Structure of Plant Cells: Supporting Vital Functions"
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Plants, for
example, are multicellular organisms that use photosynthesis to produce energy. Plant
cells have a unique feature called the cell wall, which provides structural support and
protection. The cell membrane, on the other hand, controls the movement of substances in
and out of the cell.
Inside the plant cell, we can find the nucleus, which contains the genetic material.
Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy. Another
important component is the vacuole, which stores water and nutrients.
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cell and allows for various
cellular processes to take place. Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of
the cell since they produce energy through cellular respiration. The Golgi apparatus
processes and packages proteins, while the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid and
protein synthesis and transport.
Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are synthesized in the cell. Lysosomes play a
crucial role in breaking down waste materials. Plasmodesmata are channels that allow for
communication between plant cells.
Plant cells store energy in the form of starch grains, while cellulose fibers provide
structural support. The nucleolus is a small structure within the nucleus that produces
ribosomes. Peroxisomes are involved in breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying
harmful substances.
Lastly, amyloplasts are responsible for storing and synthesizing starch, and the
tonoplast is a membrane surrounding the vacuole in plant cells.

Exercise 1. Find the synonyms for the following words:

a) Living organisms
b) Produce
c) Protection
d) Jelly-like substance
 e) Synthesize
f) Form of starch grains

1) Organisms that are alive

2) Defense
3) Starch particles
4) Gelatinous material
5) Generate
6) Produce

Exercise 2. Match the parts to make grammatically correct sentences

a) Plants, for example,

b) The cell membrane, on the other hand,
c) Ribosomes are
d) Plasmodesmata are
e) Peroxisomes are

1) controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

2) involved in breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.
3) are multicellular organisms that use photosynthesis to produce energy.
4) the sites where proteins are synthesized in the cell.
5) channels that allow for communication between plant cells.

Exercise 3. Read the text again and answer the following questions
1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
a) Nucleus
b) Cell
c) Chloroplast
d) Vacuole
2. What are multicellular organisms that use photosynthesis to produce energy?
a) Animals
b) Fungi
c) Bacteria
d) Plants

3. What provides structural support and protection in plant cells?

a) Cell membrane
b) Nucleus
c) Cell wall
d) Cytoplasm

4. What controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

a) Nucleus
b) Chloroplast
c) Vacuole
d) Cell membrane

5. What contains the genetic material in a plant cell?

a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Lysosomes

6. What is responsible for converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis?

a) Nucleolus
b) Peroxisomes
c) Chloroplasts
d) Ribosomes

7. What stores water and nutrients in a plant cell?

 a) Nucleus
b) Vacuole
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Endoplasmic reticulum

8. What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and allows for various cellular
processes to take place?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Cell wall
c) Nucleus
d) Plasmodesmata

9. What are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell since they produce energy
through cellular respiration?
a) Mitochondria
b) Amyloplasts
c) Tonoplasts
d) Ribosomes

10. What processes and packages proteins in the cell?

a) Lysosomes
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Peroxisomes
d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Exercise 4. In pairs, discuss the question: “How do the different components of a plant
cell work together to support the functions and survival of the organism?”

Text 2.
"The Intricate Architecture of Plant Cells: Key to Vital Functions and Growth"
 Plant cells have a unique structure that allows them to carry out important functions.
Each plant cell is surrounded by a cell wall, which provides support and protection. Inside the
cell wall, there is the cell membrane, which controls the movement of substances in and out of
the cell.
The nucleus is like the control center of the cell. It contains the genetic material that
determines the cell's characteristics. Other important organelles in plant cells include
chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis, and mitochondria, which produce
energy for the cell.
Vacuoles are large organelles that store water and nutrients. They help maintain the cell's
shape and play a role in regulating cell processes. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that
fills the cell and contains various organelles.

Ribosomes are small structures that make proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum helps
in the production and transport of proteins and lipids. Lysosomes are organelles that break
down waste materials and cellular debris.
Plasmodesmata are channels that connect plant cells, allowing for the transport of
nutrients, water, and other molecules. Starch grains store energy in the form of carbohydrates,
while cellulose fibers provide strength and structure to the cell wall.
Overall, the structure of plant cells is adapted to support their functions, such as
photosynthesis, energy production, and nutrient storage. Understanding the structure of plant
cells is important for understanding how plants grow and thrive.

Exercise 1. Find the synonyms for the following words:

1. Unique -
a) Special
b) Different
c) Individual

2. Structure -
a) Framework
b) Organization
c) Composition

3. Carries out -
a) Performs
b) Executes
c) Achieves

4. Surrounded -
a) Encircled
b) Enveloped
c) Enclosed

5. Provides -
a) Gives
b) Supplies
c) Offers

6. Controls -
a) Regulates
b) Manages
c) Governs

Exercise 2. Match the parts to make grammatically correct sentences

a) The nucleus is
b) Vacuoles are
c) The cytoplasm is a
d) Lysosomes are
e) Cellulose fibers

1) large organelles that store water and nutrients.

2) organelles that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
3) provide strength and structure to the cell wall.
4) like the control center of the cell.
5) jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.

Exercise 3. Read the text again and answer the following questions
1. What is the function of the unique structure of plant cells?
a) Provide support and protection
b) Control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
c) Carry out important functions

2. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

a) Chloroplasts
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosomes

3. What is the main function of vacuoles in plant cells?

a) Store water and nutrients
b) Make proteins
c) Break down waste materials

4. What is the role of the cytoplasm in plant cells?

a) Fill the cell and contain various organelles
b) Determine the cell's characteristics
c) Control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

5. What substance stores energy in the form of carbohydrates in plant cells?

a) Starch grains
b) Cellulose fibers
c) Plasmodesmata

6. Why is understanding the structure of plant cells important?

 a) To support photosynthesis and energy production
b) To understand how plants grow and thrive
c) To regulate cell processes and maintain cell shape

Exercise 4. In pairs, discuss the question: « What are the different components and
functions of a plant cell?»

3) LISTENING

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