ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE REDEFINED

American University of Ras Al Khaimah

Physics Home Work n° 2

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Submission Date: 24-06-2021

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 Assignment
Problem 1:
A plane flying horizontally at 250 m/s drops a box just as it crosses a coastline. The box
lands 5.4 kilometers from the coast.
Given Data:
Velocity of plane = v = 250m/s
Range at which box landed = R = 5.4 km = 5.4× 103 m
To Find:
Height at which the plane is flying = h =?
Time required for the box to reach the ground = t =?
Solution:
a) As the plane is flying in horizontal direction the formula for the range is:
𝑅 = 𝑣𝑥 × 𝑡 ….. (1)
Since time is not known so rearranging the equation ℎ = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 0.5𝑔𝑡 2 …… (2)
2×ℎ
𝑅 = 𝑣𝑥 × √ 𝑔

5.4×103 𝑚 2×ℎ
= √9.81𝑚/𝑠2
250𝑚/𝑠

Solving above equation we get the value of height

ℎ = 2288.47𝑚
b) Similarly using equation 2 to calculate the time

2 × (2288.47)𝑚
𝑡=√
9.8𝑚/𝑠 2

𝑡 = 21.61𝑠

Problem 2:
A man standing at the top of a building throws a ball vertically upward with a velocity of
18 m/s. The ball reaches the ground 6.4 s later.
Given Data:
Velocity of ball = v = 18m/s
Time at which the ball reached the ground = t = 6.4s

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To Find:
Height reached by the ball = H =?
Height of the building = h =?
Velocity with which the ball reach at ground = 𝑣1 =?
Solution:
a) It is assumed that the ball is thrown from point A in
vertically upward direction with velocity𝑣 = 18𝑚/𝑠,
whereas H is the maximum height that the ball reached
and at point B, 𝑣 = 0𝑚/𝑠. It is assumed that distance
covered by the ball in upward direction is positive while
negative in downward direction.
Through equation of motion:
𝑣𝐵2 = 𝑣 2 + 2𝑎𝑠 ….. (1)
Substituting values in equation 1 we get,
0 = (18)2 + 2(−9.81)(𝐻)
(18)2
𝐻=
2 × 9.81
𝐻 = 16.52𝑚
b) It is supposed that the height of building is from point A and C. The ball takes 6.4s to
reach at ground the distance covered by the ball will be negative in downward
direction so, 𝑠 = −ℎ
From the equation of motion,
1
𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡 + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 …….. (2)

Substituting values in equation (2)

1
−ℎ = 18 × 6.4 + (−9.81)(6.4)2
2
−ℎ = −85.71𝑚
ℎ = 85.71𝑚
c) Velocity of ball at which it reached at the ground can be calculated through:
𝑣1 = 𝑣 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣1 = 18 + (−9.81)(6.4)
𝑣1 = −44.8𝑚/𝑠 (Negative sign indicate the motion of ball in downward direction)

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 𝑣1 = 44.8𝑚/𝑠

Problem 3:
An object of 18.5 Kg is thrown in the air from the top of a tower having a height of 35 m,
with an initial velocity 𝑣𝑜= 16 m/s making an angle θ = 56 ° with the horizontal.
Given Data:
Weight of the object = w = 18.5kg
Height of tower = h = 𝑦𝑜 = 35m
Initial velocity of the object = 𝑣𝑜 = 16m/s
Projectile angle = θ = 56o
To Find:
Highest point reached by the object = y =?
Time taken by the object to reach at ground = t =?
Range along the x-axis = x =?
Velocity of the object with which it strikes the ground = v=?
Solution:

a) The highest position reached by the object can be calculated by the vertical height
(y).
1
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑜 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 ……. (1)

Substituting values in equation (1)

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 1
𝑦 = 35 + (13.26)𝑡 − 2 (9.81)𝑡 2 ……. (2)

At the maximum height,

𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡

As at the top 𝑣𝑦 = 0𝑚/𝑠 therefore,

𝑣𝑜𝑦 13.26
𝑡= =
𝑔 9.81

𝑡 = 1.36𝑠
Now, substituting the value of t in equation (2)
1
𝑦 = 35 + (13.26)(1.36) − 2 (9.81)(1.36)2

𝑦 = 43.96𝑚
b) Time required for reaching ground can be calculated through equation (1)
1
𝑦 = 𝑦𝑜 + 𝑣0𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
Substituting values,
1
0 = 35 + (13.26)𝑡 − (9.81)𝑡 2
2
0 = 35 + 13.26𝑡 − 4.905𝑡 2
4.905𝑡 2 − 13.26𝑡 − 35 = 0
This becomes a quadratic equation with variables a=4.905, b=-13.26, and c=-35
therefore by using quadratic formula,
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑡= ……. (3)
2𝑎

−(−13.36) ± √(−13.26)2 − 4(4.905)(−35)

𝑡=
2(4.905)
𝑡 = +4.34𝑠 & 𝑡 = −1.64𝑠
Time cannot be negative therefore,
𝑡 = +4.34𝑠
c) Vertical range can be calculated through,
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 × 𝑡 …….. (4)
Substituting values,

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 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠56 × 4.34
𝑥 = 8.94 × 4.34
𝑥 = 38.83𝑚
d) The velocity of object as it strikes the ground,
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜𝑥 = 8.94
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 …….. (5)

Substituting values in equation (5)

𝑣𝑦 = 13.94 − (9.81)(4.34)

𝑣𝑦 = −28.63𝑚/𝑠

Now,

𝑣 = √𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2

𝑣 = √(8.94)2 + (−28.63)2

𝑣 = 29.99𝑚/𝑠
𝑣 = 30𝑚/𝑠

Problem 4:
A block of mass M1 = 8.00 kg rests on an incline that is angled at 30° above the horizontal.
An ideal cord is connected from block 1 over an ideal frictionless pulley to another block
of mass M2 = 1.20 kg that is hanging 3.00 m above the ground. The coefficient of kinetic
friction between the block M1 and the incline is 0.18. The blocks are initially at rest. What
is the velocity of the block M1 when it has moved 2 meters down the incline?
Given Data:
Mass of first block = 𝑚1 = 8kg
Angle of Inclination = θ = 30o
Mass of second block = 𝑚2 = 1.2kg
Height = h = 3m
Coefficient of friction = µ = 0.18
To Find:
Velocity of block 𝑚1 when it is moved 2m down= v =?

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Solution:

From the free body diagram (FBD) of 𝑚1 from the equation ∑x=ma therefore,
8𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛30𝑜 − 𝑇 − 𝐹𝑘 = 8𝑎 …… (1)
Where 𝐹𝑘 = µ × N
Substituting values,
𝐹𝑘 = 0.18 × 8gcos30𝑜
𝐹𝑘 = 0.18 × (8)(9.81)(0.866)
𝐹𝑘 = 12.23N
Substituting the value of 𝐹𝑘 in equation (1) we get,
8(9.81)(0.5) − 𝑇 − 12.23 = 8𝑎
27.01 − 𝑇 = 8𝑎 …….. (2)
From the free body diagram of 𝑚2 from the equation ∑y=ma
𝑇 − 1.2𝑔 = 1.2𝑎 ...…… (3)
−1.2(9.81) + 𝑇 = 1.2𝑎
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously,
27.01 − 𝑇 = 8𝑎
−11.72 + 𝑇 = 1.2𝑎
15.29 = 9.2𝑎
𝑎 = 1.66𝑚/𝑠 2
Let the velocity be v after 𝑚1 falls off 2m then using the equation of motion,

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𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 ……… (4)
Substituting values,
𝑣 2 = 02 + 2(1.66)(2)(𝑐𝑜𝑠00 )
𝑣 2 = 6.64𝑚2 /𝑠 2
𝑣 = 2.576𝑚/𝑠

Problem 5:
Two boxes are attached by a light cord that runs over a frictionless pulley. The mass of
the block on the 60° incline is M= 23 kg, and the mass of the block on the 45° incline is
m=3.0 kg. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.18 on both sides of the incline. What is the
acceleration of the blocks when released from a rest position?
Given Data:
Angle of inclination of 𝑀 = θ = 60𝑜
Mass of first box = 𝑀= 3kg
Angle of inclination of m = θ = 45𝑜
Mass of second box = m = 3kg
Coefficient of friction = µ = 0.18
To Find:
Acceleration of the blocks when released from a rest position = a =?
Solution:

It can be seen that the left side box M is heavier than that of box m so the boxes will move
towards the left side The tension developed in the string is represented by T and 𝐹𝑘1 and
𝐹𝑘2 are the frictional forces. So by using ∑x=0,
𝑁1 − 𝑀𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠60𝑜 = 0 …… (1)

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𝑁1 = 𝑀𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠60𝑜
𝑀𝐺 1
𝑁1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠60𝑜 = 2
2

We know that 𝐹𝑘1 = µ × 𝑁1 so it becomes

µ𝑀𝑔
𝐹𝑘1 =
2
Similarly,
𝑁2 − 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜 = 0 …….. (2)
𝑁2 = 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠45𝑜
𝑚𝑔
𝑁2 =
√2
Just like mass 1, 𝐹𝑘2 = µ × 𝑁2
µ𝑚𝑔
𝐹𝑘2 =
√2
The motion of boxes is in y direction so by using equation ∑y=ma
𝑀𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛60𝑜 − 𝑇 − 𝐹𝑘1 = 𝑀𝑎 ……… (3)
Substituting the values of 𝐹𝑘1 in equation (3)
√3 µ𝑀𝑔
𝑀𝑔 −𝑇− = 𝑀𝑎 ………. (4)
2 √2

Similarly,
−𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛45𝑜 + 𝑇 − 𝐹𝑘2 = 𝑚𝑎
µ𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
𝑇− − = 𝑚𝑎 ……… (5)
√2 √2

Adding equations (4) and (5) we get,

𝑀𝑔 𝑚𝑔
(√3 − µ) − (µ + 1) − 𝑇 + 𝑇 = 𝑎(𝑀 + 𝑚)
2 √2
Now substituting all the values,
23 × 9.81 3 × 9.81
(1.732 − 0.18) − (0.18 + 1) = 𝑎(23 + 3)
2 1.414
175.088 − 24.55 = 26𝑎
26𝑎 = 150.538

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 150.538
𝑎=
26
𝑎 = 5.789𝑚/𝑠 2

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