Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A.

Philpot

P8.1 During fabrication of a laminated timber arch, one of the 10 in. wide by 1 in. thick Douglas fir [E
= 1,900 ksi] planks is bent to a radius of curvature of 40 ft. Determine the maximum bending stress
developed in the plank.

Solution
From Eq. (8.3):

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.2 A copper wire of diameter d = 2 mm is coiled around a spool of radius r. The elastic modulus of
the copper is E = 117 GPa and its yield strength is 310 MPa. Determine the minimum spool radius r that
may be used if the bending stress in the wire is not to exceed the yield strength.

Solution
From Eq. (8.3):

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.3 The boards for a concrete form are to be bent into a circular shape having an inside radius of 10 m.
What maximum thickness can be used for the boards if the normal stress is not to exceed 7 MPa?
Assume that the modulus of elasticity for the wood is 12 GPa.

Solution
The radius of curvature of the concrete form is dependent on the board thickness:

From Eq. (8.3):

Solve for t:

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.4 A beam is subjected to equal bending moments of Mz = 3,200 N·m, as shown in Figure P8.4a. The
cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.4b) are b = 150 mm, c = 30 mm, d = 70 mm, and t = 6 mm.
Determine:
(a) the centroid location, the moment of inertia about the z axis, and the controlling section modulus
about the z axis.
(b) the bending stress at point H. State whether the normal stress at H is tension or compression.
(c) the bending stress at point K. State whether the normal stress at K is tension or compression.
(d) the maximum bending stress produced in the cross section. State whether the stress is tension or
compression.

FIGURE P8.4a FIGURE P8.4b

Solution

(a) Centroid location in y direction: (reference axis at bottom of shape)

yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
2
(mm ) (mm) (mm3)
(1) 828 3 2,484
(2) 840 35 29,400
(3) 288 67 19,296
1,956 51,180

Ans.
(measured upward from bottom edge of stem)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d²A IC + d²A
(mm4) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
(1) 2,484 23.166 444,343.774 446,827.774
(2) 343,000 –8.834 65,558.508 408,558.508
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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

(3) 864 –40.834 480,224.049 481,088.049

Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 1,336,474.331

Ans.

Section moduli:

Ans.

(b) Bending stress at point H:

Ans.

(c) Bending stress at point K:

Ans.

(d) Maximum bending stress:

The maximum bending stress occurs at either the top or the bottom surface of the beam. The top of the
cross section is at y = 43.834 mm, and the bottom of the cross section is at y = −26.166 mm. The larger
bending stress magnitude occurs at the larger magnitude of these two values; in this case, at the top of
the cross section.

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.5 A beam is subjected to equal bending moments of Mz = 45 kip·ft, as shown in Figure P8.5a. The
cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.5b) are b1 = 7.5 in., d1 = 1.5 in., b2 = 0.75 in., d2 = 6.0 in., b3 = 3.0
in., and d3 = 2.0 in. Determine:
(a) the centroid location, the moment of inertia about the z axis, and the controlling section modulus
about the z axis.
(b) the bending stress at point H. State whether the normal stress at H is tension or compression.
(c) the bending stress at point K. State whether the normal stress at K is tension or compression.
(d) the maximum bending stress produced in the cross section. State whether the stress is tension or
compression.

FIGURE P8.5a FIGURE P8.5b

Solution

(a) Centroid location in y direction: (reference axis at bottom of shape)

yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
2
(in. ) (in.) (in.3)
(1) 11.25 8.75 98.437
(2) 4.5 5.0 22.5
(3) 6.0 1.0 6.0
21.75 126.937

Ans.
(measured upward from bottom edge of section)

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d²A IC + d²A
4
(in. ) (in.) (in.4) (in.4)
(1) 2.109 –2.914 95.515 97.624
(2) 13.500 0.836 3.147 16.647
(3) 2.000 4.836 140.333 142.333
Moment of inertia about the z axis (in.4) = 256.604
Ans.
Section moduli:

Ans.

(b) Bending stress at point H:

Ans.

(c) Bending stress at point K:

Ans.

(d) Maximum bending stress:

The maximum bending stress occurs at either the top or the bottom surface of the beam. The top of the
cross section is at y = 3.664 in., and the bottom of the cross section is at y = −5.836 in. The larger
bending stress magnitude occurs at the larger magnitude of these two values; in this case, at the bottom
of the cross section.

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.6 A beam is subjected to equal bending moments of Mz = 240 N·m, as shown in Figure P8.6a. The
cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.6b) are a = 20 mm, b = 40 mm, d = 80 mm, and r = 12 mm.
Determine:
(a) the centroid location, the moment of inertia about the z axis, and the controlling section modulus
about the z axis.
(b) the bending stress at point H. State whether the normal stress at H is tension or compression.
(c) the bending stress at point K. State whether the normal stress at K is tension or compression.
(d) the maximum bending stress produced in the cross section. State whether the stress is tension or
compression.

FIGURE P8.6a FIGURE P8.6b

Solution
(a) Centroid location in y direction: (reference axis at bottom of shape)
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
2
(mm ) (mm) (mm3)
rectangle 3,200 40.0 128,000.000
circle cutout –452.389 20.0 –9,047.787
2,747.611 118,952.213

Ans.
(measured upward from bottom edge of section)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d²A IC + d²A
4
(mm ) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
rectangle 1,706,666.667 3.293 34,699.588 1,741,366.254
circle cutout –16,286.016 23.293 –245,449.374 –261,735.390
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 1,479,630.864

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

Section moduli:

Ans.

(b) Bending stress at point H:

Ans.

(c) Bending stress at point K:

Ans.

(d) Maximum bending stress:

The maximum bending stress occurs at either the top or the bottom surface of the beam. The top of the
cross section is at y = 36.707 mm, and the bottom of the cross section is at y = −43.293 mm. The larger
bending stress magnitude occurs at the larger magnitude of these two values; in this case, at the bottom
of the cross section.

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.7 The dimensions of the beam cross section

shown in Figure P8.7 are a = 7 mm and b = 45 mm.
The internal bending moment about the z centroidal
axis is Mz = 325 N·m. What is the magnitude of the
maximum bending stress in the beam?

FIGURE P8.7

Solution
Moment of inertia about the z axis:
Shape IC
(mm4)
Rectangle 277,830
Two cutouts on sides –30,171.856
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 247,658.144

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.8 The dimensions of the double-box beam cross

section shown in Figure P8.8 are b = 150 mm, d = 50
mm, and t = 4 mm. If the maximum allowable bending
stress is b = 17 MPa, determine the maximum internal
bending moment Mz magnitude that can be applied to the
beam.

FIGURE P8.8

Solution
Moment of inertia about the z axis:
Shape IC
(mm4)
Outer rectangle 1,562,500
Two cutout rectangles –852,012
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 710,488

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.9 An aluminum alloy [E = 10,300 ksi] tee-shaped bar is used as a

beam. The cross section of the tee shape, shown in Figure P8.9, has
a total depth of d = 7.5 in. The centroidal z axis of this cross section
is located 2.36 in. above point H. The beam spans in the x direction
and it bends about the z centroidal axis. A strain gage is affixed to
the side of the tee stem at a distance of c = 1.25 in. below the top
surface of the tee shape. After loads are applied to the beam, a
normal strain of x = –810  is measured by the strain gage. What
is the bending stress at point H?
FIGURE P8.9

Solution
The y coordinate at the strain gage is:

The bending strain at H is thus:

The bending stress at H is:

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.10 The cross-sectional dimensions of the beam shown in

Figure P8.10 are d = 17 in., bf = 10 in., tf = 1.0 in., tw = 0.60 in.,
and a = 3.5 in.
(a) If the bending stress at point K is 5.4 ksi (C), what is the
bending stress at point H? State whether the normal stress at
H is tension or compression.
(b) If the allowable bending stress is 30 ksi, what is the
magnitude of the maximum bending moment Mz that can be
supported by the beam?
FIGURE P8.10

Solution
The y coordinates at H and K are:

(a) Bending stress at H: Since the bending stress is linearly distributed over the depth of the section,
we can calculate the bending stress at H from the principle of similar triangles:

Ans.

Moment of inertia about z axis:

(b) Maximum bending moment Mz:

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.11 The cross-sectional dimensions of the beam shown in

Figure P8.11 are ro = 115 mm and ri = 95 mm. Given Mz =
16 kN·m,  = 30°, and  = 55°, what are the bending stresses
at points H and K?

FIGURE P8.11

Solution
Moment of inertia about the z axis:

The y coordinates at H and K are:

Bending stress at H:

Ans.

Bending stress at K:

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.12 The cross-sectional dimensions of the beam

shown in Figure P8.12 are a = 5.0 in., b = 6.0 in., d
= 4.0 in., and t = 0.5 in. The internal bending
moment about the z centroidal axis is Mz = −4.25
kip-ft. Determine:
(a) the maximum tension bending stress in the
beam.
(b) the maximum compression bending stress in the
beam.
FIGURE P8.12

Solution

(a) Centroid location in y direction: (reference axis at bottom of shape)

yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
2
(in. ) (in.) (in.3)
(1) 2.50 3.75 9.375
(2) 4.00 2.00 8.00
(3) 4.50 0.25 1.125
11.00 18.50

(measured upward from bottom edge of section)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d²A IC + d²A
(in.4) (in.) (in.4) (in.4)
(1) 0.05208 –2.0682 10.69363 10.74571
(2) 5.33333 –0.31820 0.40500 5.73834
(3) 0.09375 1.43180 9.22523 9.31898
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 25.80303

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

The y coordinates at the top and bottom surfaces of the section are:

Bending stress at top surface: The maximum tensile bending stress occurs at the top surface of the
beam for a negative bending moment:

Ans.

Bending stress at bottom surface: The maximum compressive bending stress occurs at the bottom
surface of the beam for a negative bending moment:

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.13 Two uniformly distributed loads of w = 3,600 lb/ft act on the simply supported beam shown in
Figure P8.13a. The beam spans are a = 8 ft and L = 16 ft. The beam cross section shown in Figure
P8.13b has dimensions of b1 = 16 in., d1 = 6 in., b2 = 10 in., and d2 = 10 in. Calculate the maximum
tensile and compressive bending stresses produced in segment BC of the beam.

FIGURE P8.13a FIGURE P8.13b

Solution

Centroid location in y direction: (reference axis at bottom of shape)

yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
2
(in. ) (in.) (in.3)
(1) 96.00 13.00 1,248.00
(2) 100.00 5.00 500.00
196.00 1,748.00

(measured upward from bottom edge of section)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:
Shape IC d²A IC + d²A
4
(in. ) (in.) (in.4) (in.4)
(1) 288.000 –4.082 1,599.334 1,887.334
(2) 833.333 3.918 1,535.360 2,368.694
Moment of inertia about the z axis (in.4) = 4,256.027

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams

The maximum bending moment in segment BC of the beam is –115,200 lb·ft.

Bending stresses: The y coordinates at the top and bottom surfaces of the section are:

Bending stress at top surface: The bending stress at the top surface of the beam in segment BC is:

Bending stress at bottom surface: The bending stress at the bottom surface of the beam in segment
BC is:

Maximum bending stresses: The maximum tensile bending stress is thus:

Ans.
and the maximum compressive bending stress is:

Ans.

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

P8.14 An extruded polymer beam is subjected to a bending moment M as shown in Figure P8.14a. The
length of the beam is L = 800 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions (Figure P8.14b) of the beam are b1 =
34 mm, d1 = 100 mm, b2 = 20 mm, d2 = 20 mm, and a = 7 mm. For this material, the allowable tensile
bending stress is 16 MPa, and the allowable compressive bending stress is 12 MPa. Determine the
largest moment M that can be applied as shown to the beam.

FIGURE P8.14a FIGURE P8.14b

Solution
Centroid location in y direction:
yi
Shape Area Ai (from bottom) yi Ai
(mm2) (mm) (mm3)
Outer rectangle 3,400 50 170,000
Cutout square –400 83 –33,200
3,000 mm2 136,800

(measured upward from bottom edge of shape)

Moment of inertia about the z axis:

Shape IC d²A IC + d²A
(mm4) (mm) (mm4) (mm4)
Outer rectangle 2,833,333.33 –4.4 65,824 2,899,157.33
Cutout square –13,333.33 –37.4 –559,504 –572,837.33
Moment of inertia about the z axis (mm4) = 2,326,320

Bending stresses: The y coordinates at the top and bottom surfaces of the cross section are:

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Mechanics of Materials: An Integrated Learning System, 4th Ed. Timothy A. Philpot

Bending moment based on allowable tensile bending stress: For the indicated moment direction (i.e.,
counterclockwise), tensile bending stress will be produced above the neutral axis. The largest tensile
bending stress will be found at the top surface of the beam. Solve the flexure formula for M given that
the bending stress at ytop must be less than or equal to 16 MPa:

Bending moment based on allowable compressive bending stress: For the indicated moment
direction (i.e., counterclockwise), compressive bending stress will be produced below the neutral axis.
The largest compressive bending stress will be found at the bottom surface of the beam. Solve the
flexure formula for M given that the bending stress at ybottom must be less than or equal to 12 MPa:

Largest moment M: The largest bending moment that can be applied as shown in Figure P8.14a is:

Ans.

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