Analysis of Electrical Properties and Types of Crystal Defects in

Ba0, 95Sr0, 05TiO3 Dielectric Materials with Y203 Doping

Dina Tresnawati P1,a), Rinaldi Zainun S2,b), Rosa Andita S3,c), Ananto Arya F4,d) Muhammad Nabil Wijaya5,e)
1
Department of Mining Faculty of Mineral Technology Yogyakarta Veterans National Development University
55281, Indonesia
2
Metallurgical Engineering Study Program, Department of Mining, Faculty of Mineral Technology, Yogyakarta
Veterans National Development University, 55281, Indonesia.
a)
pdinatresnawati@gmail.com
b)
rinaldizainun23@gmail.com
c)
erozandita5@gmail.com
d)
aryafahresy@gmail.com
e)
jrnabil66@gmail.com

Abstract: BaTiO3 is a prototype ferroelectric material which is resistive and has high permittivity. This material
has been widely studied because it has wide applications in electronics, including: lamps, heat sensors, electric
current limiters, etc. Barium Titanate has a perovskite structure which is polymorphic with respect to temperature,
namely cubic for temperatures greater than 130°C, tetragonal at temperatures of 0°C to 130°C, orthorhombic for
temperatures of -90°C to 0°C and rhombohedral for temperatures less than -90°C. Explanation that this material
has a spontaneous dipole below the Curie temperature Tc 130°C. The reason is the crystalline structure of the
tetragonal perovskite where the titan ion in the oxygen octahedron shifts slightly to the c axis, while the oxygen
is shifted against the titan. The application of Sr2+ doping material to barium titanate perovskite crystals will
affect the physical properties generated by it. In this way will be able to change the Curie temperature, permittivity,
resistance and others.

INTRODUCTION

Ferroelectrics include dielectric materials that have strong spontaneous polarization. The advantage of
ferroelectric materials is the ability to change the internal polarization using a suitable electric field and
spontaneous polarization. Ferroelectric materials have several unique properties, including hysteresis properties
and high dielectric constant, pizoelectric properties, pyroelectric properties and linear optical properties for thin
films (Winarsih, 2009). Barium titanate (BaTiO3) with a tetragonal perovskite crystal structure has been known
to be a ferroelectric material. This material has been widely used in electronics applications such as sensors,
transducers, infrared detectors and multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs).
This is because BaTiO3 is more environmentally friendly, has a lower Curie temperature than other dielectric
materials and has a high dielectric constant (Sunendar et.al., 2010). Syahril (2012) said that since the discovery
of BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics which have a high permittivity in 1943, this BaTiO3-based ceramic was studied
more extensively in the electronics industry. One of the most important applications of BaTiO3-based ceramics
is capacitors in batteries. The United States Patent states that each battery has certain characteristics that will be
used in a particular application. BaTiO3 is easy to apply on the grounds that BaTiO3 has more stable chemical
and mechanical properties. BaTiO3 is a type of ABO3 (A = mono or divalent and B = tri-hexavalent ion) ceramic
materials needed for ferroelectric applications (Yasmin et.al., 2011). In the process of decreasing temperature,
BaTiO3 undergoes several phase transitions, namely a change from a cubic phase which is paraelectric to a
tetragonal phase which is ferroelectric, then changes again to an orthorhombic phase which is ferroelectric, and
finally becomes a rhombohedral phase with low temperatures. The transition temperature from the paraelectric
phase to the ferroelectric phase is called the Curie point, where in barium titanate this is shown in the transition
from cubic to tetragonal (Qi et.al., 2004). Vijatovic (2008) said that BaTiO3 has a density of 6.02 gram/cm3 and
a density of 1.03 gram/cm3. From several literatures, ferroelectric ceramics such as BaTiO3 usually show
nonlinear dielectric constants, but according to the results of research by Wang et.al. (2012), in a high electric
field the value of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramics will increase linearly.
BaTiO3 is ferroelectric if it has a tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral crystal structure, and will be
paraelectric if it has a hexagonal and cubic crystal structure. At the Curie temperature, BaTiO3 will transform
spontaneously from the paraelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase. BaTiO3 which originally had a cubic crystal
structure with paraelectric properties will experience polarization so that the crystal structure will change to be
tetragonal so that it has ferroelectric properties. BaTiO3 can be used as a dielectric material to make capacitors
because the electric dipole is so large that the capacitance increases or increases. BaTiO3 ceramics are usually
made using a sintering temperature of more than 1300oC, so that until now many studies have been carried out to
reduce the sintering temperature for the manufacture of BaTiO3 ceramics (Qi et.al., 2004). While the results of
Vijatovic's research (2008) showed that at room temperature, BaTiO3 has a dielectric constant of 4500 and 1800
while at Curie temperature the dielectric constant is 6200 and 7000 respectively with a grain size of 0.86 µm and
10 µm respectively. Based on the description above, research will be carried out on the manufacture of BaTiO3
as a dielectric material in capacitors using the solid state reaction method. Variations that will be carried out
include variations in temperature and holding time variations in the sintering process. The characterization that
will be carried out includes microstructure tests, morphological structure tests and determination of the dielectric
constant.

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