S1 Table: Data Sources

Category Variables Data Source Year

HEALTH OUTCOMES
Premature age adjusted National Center for Health Statistics - 2018-
Length of Life mortality Mortality Files 2020
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
Quality of Life Poor mental health days System 2019
National Center for Health Statistics - 2014-
Low birthweight Natality files 2020
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
Diabetes prevalence System 2019
HEALTH BEHAVIORS
Diet and Exercise Adult obesity CDC Diabetes Interactive Atlas 2019

USDA Food Environment Atlas, Map the

Food environment index Meal Gap from Feeding America 2019
Physical inactivity CDC Diabetes Interactive Atlas 2019
2010
Access to exercise Business Analyst, Delorme map data, &
opportunities ESRI, & US Census TIGER/Line Files 2021
Food insecurity Map the Meal Gap 2019
Limited access to healthy
foods USDA Food Environment Atlas 2019
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
Alcohol and Drug Use Excessive drinking System 2019
Alcohol impaired driving 2016-
deaths Fatality Analysis Reporting System 2020
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
Tobacco Use Adult smoking System 2019
Sexually transmitted National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral
Sexual Activity infections Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention 2019
National Center for Health Statistics - 2014-
Teen births Natality files 2020
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
Sleep Insufficient sleep System 2018
CLINICAL CARE
Area Health Resource File/American
Access to Care Primary care physicians Medical Association 2019
Area Health Resource File/National
Dentists Provider Identification file 2020
Mental health providers CMS, National Provider Identification 2021
Uninsured adults Small Area Health Insurance Estimates 2019
Uninsured children Small Area Health Insurance Estimates 2019
 Category Variables Data Source Year
Other primary care
providers CMS, National Provider Identification 2021
Quality of Care Preventable hospital stays Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool 2019
Mammography screening Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool 2019
Flu vaccinations Mapping Medicare Disparities Tool 2019
SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
2016-
Income Gender pay gap 2020
Median household income Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates 2020

Children eligible for free or 2019-

reduced price lunch National Center for Education Statistics 2020
Children in poverty Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates 2020
American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
Income inequality estimates 2020
2016-
Education High school completion State-specific sources & EDFacts 2020
American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
Some college estimates 2020
2020-
School segregation National Center for Education Statistics 2021
School funding adequacy School Finance Indicators Database 2019
Employment Unemployment Bureau of Labor Statistics 2020
Family and Social Children in single parent American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
Support households estimates 2020
Social associations County Business Patterns 2019
2021
Family and Social The Living Wage Calculator, Small Area &
Support Childcare cost burden Income and Poverty Estimates 2020
Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level
Childcare centers Data (HIFLD) 2021

2014
&
Community Safety Violent crime Uniform Crime Reporting - FBI 2016
2016-
Injury deaths CDC WONDER mortality data 2020
 Category Variables Data Source Year
PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
Air pollution particulate Environmental Public Health Tracking
Air and Water Quality matter Network 2018
Drinking water violations Safe Drinking Water Information System 2020
Comprehensive Housing Affordability 2014-
Housing and Transit Severe housing problems Strategy (CHAS) data 2018
American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
Driving alone to work estimates 2020
Long commute driving American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
alone estimates 2020
EJSCREEN: Environmental Justice 2016-
Traffic volume Screening and Mapping Tool 2020
American Community Survey, 5-year
Homeownership estimates 2019
Severe housing cost American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
burden estimates 2020
American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
Broadband access estimates 2020
DEMOGRAPHICS
Population Census Population Estimates 2020
% Below 18 years of age Census Population Estimates 2020
% 65 and older Census Population Estimates 2020
% Non-Hispanic Black Census Population Estimates 2020
Category Variables Data Source Year
% American Indian Alaska
Native Census Population Estimates 2020
% Asian Census Population Estimates 2020
% Native Hawaiian Other
Pacific Islander Census Population Estimates 2020
% Hispanic Census Population Estimates 2020
% Non-Hispanic white Census Population Estimates 2020
American Community Survey, 5-year 2016-
% Not proficient in English estimates 2020
% Female Census Population Estimates 2020
% Rural Census Population Estimates 2010
SEVERE HOUSING
PROBLEMS
Comprehensive Housing Affordability 2014-
Homeownership Strategy 2018
Category Variables Data Source Year
Severe housing cost Comprehensive Housing Affordability 2014-
burden Strategy 2019
Broadband access raw Comprehensive Housing Affordability 2014-
value Strategy 2020