2nd Quarter WEEK 3-4

EM WAVES APPLICATION
Radio wave,
Microwave & Infra red
Physics
CONCEPT IN A BOX
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION
 NON-IONIZING vs. IONIZING
NON-IONIZING
● electromagnetic radiation that
does not carry enough energy per
quantum (photon energy) to
ionize atoms or molecules—that
is, to completely remove an
electron from an atom or
molecule
● can produce non-mutagenic
effects such as inciting thermal
energy in biological tissue that
can lead to burns.
IONIZING
● electromagnetic wave, that
carries sufficient energy to
detach electrons from atoms
or molecules
● ionizing radiation is harmful
and potentially lethal to living
beings but some types have
medical applications in radiation
therapy for the treatment of
cancer
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

RADIO WAVES ❏ Definition/Description

★ Radio waves are the longest of all

★ Radio waves are produced
electromagnetic waves.
by making electrons
vibrate in an antenna
• Wavelength ranging from
10-1m to 104m.
• Frequency of radio waves ranges from 30 kHz
★ Commonly used in radio
to 3000 MHz.
and television
communication
★ Radio waves are discovered by Heinrich Hertz
in 1887.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

RADIO WAVES ❏ Uses/Application

 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION
TRANSMITTING RADIO WAVES
1. In a radio station, sound is
converted by a microphone
into patterns of electric
current variations called
Audio Frequency (AF) signals

2. High frequency radio waves

called Radio-Frequency ( RF)
carriers can be modulated
tomatch ehe electric signanl.

3. In amplitude modulation (AM) the amplitude

of radio waves , RF carrier changes to match
that of the AF signal. This is used in standard
broadcasting because it can be sent over long
distances.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION
TRANSMITTING RADIO WAVES
4. Very high frequency waves
provide a higher quality
broadcasting including stereo
sound.

In this process instead of

amplitude of the RF carrier. it is
the frequency of the waves that
changes to match that of signal.
This is called the frequency
modulation (FM)

5. When the radio wave is received by the

antenna of a radio or television, the pattern is
converted back to its original form (sound)
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION
TRANSMITTING RADIO WAVES
 THE ELACTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION
TRANSMITTING RADIO WAVES
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

RADIO WAVES ❏ Uses/Application

1. RADAR (Radio detection and
ranging)
• Used in detection of objects, weather
forecasting, military surveillance, air
craft control, monitoring speed of
highway patrol cars, tracking
satellites.
• Used in automatic doors, WI-FI
and Bluetooth
2. GPS (Global Positioning System)
3. RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification)
4. UPC (Universal product code/bar
code)
5. E-passport.
6. MRI (Magnetic Resonance
Imaging) for viewing internal parts of
the body.
7. Reducing cellulite on the body,
wrinkles, fine lines on the face and for
tightening sagging or loose skin.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

RADIO WAVES ❏ Effects/Disadvantages

The dramatically increasing number of mobile phones users rise

significant concerns due to its potential damage on people exposed by
radiofrequency waves.

The thermal effects on the eye are well known and include cataracts,
corneal edema, endothelial cell loss and retinal degeneration

Can interfere with a pacemaker, a medical device that uses electrical

impulses to help regulate the beating of the heart.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

MICRO WAVES ❏ Definition/Description

★ have smaller wavelength ★ lies somewhere from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, with
than radio waves and can wavelength corresponding to
penetrate the atmosphere of 10-3m to 10-1m.
the earth.
★ James Clerk Maxwell is credited for
★ used in satellite discovering microwaves in 1864.
communications, RADAR.
television transmission and
cooking
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

MICRO WAVES ❏ Uses/Application

1. Used for communication. (long
distance telephone calls)
2. Used to send signals for cable
televisions, video or audio feeds from
production vans to broadcast
stations.
3. Used in remote sensing for disaster
management mapping
4. Used in weather forecasting
(Microwave Doppler Radars)
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

MICRO WAVES ❏ Uses/Application

5. Used to cook foods. (Microwave
Oven)
6. Used in industrial processes for
drying and curing products
7. Used to shrink or destroy tumors
(Microwave Ablation)
8. Used to monitor the progress of
treatment of breast cancer through
microwave tomography.
 THE ELCTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

MICRO WAVES ❏ Effects/Disadvantages

❖ thermal effects or heating the molecules

of organisms that may cause burns.

❖ Microwaves are known to cause

cataracts
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

INFRA RED ❏ Definition/Description

★ lies beyond the red end of the visible light and

is emitted by all objects.

★ Sir William Hershel, a British astronomer,

discovered these rays in 1800.

★ literally means “below red”. Infrared radiations have a

lower frequency than the red part of the visible light.
➔ Frequencies ranging from 3x1011 Hz to 4x1014Hz
➔ Wavelengths ranging from 7.5x10-7m to 10-3m.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

INFRA RED ❏ Definition/Description

★ the amount and wavelength of

radiation depend on temperature. ❖ shades of blue and
green indicate
★ our bodies radiate infrared IR, colder
and under IR camera or night temperature
vision goggle. our images appear
in a variety of colors. The ❖ shades of red and
differences in color determine yellow indicate
the differences in temperature, warmer
temperature.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

INFRA RED ❏ Definition/Description

★ the longer wavelength IR waves

produced heat like the radiation emitted
by fire , the sun and other heat producing
object.

★ shorter wavelength IR rays do not

produce much heat and are used in
remote controls and imaging
techniques.
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

INFRA RED ❏ Uses/ Application

1. Used in remote control for televisions

set, burglar alarm systems, night vision
cameras and certain types of
thermometers.

1. Most computers, laptops, palmtops and

printers are equipped with infrared data
association ports that enable us to
transfer and print data.

1. Used to cook food.(Infrared radiation)

 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

INFRA RED ❏ Uses/ Application

4. Physiotherapists use heat lamps to heal

sport injuries.

5. Used for diagnosis and prognosis in areas

like oncology, rheumatology, sports,
medicine, orthopedics.(Medical Infrared
Imaging)

6. Used to monitor progress in therapy and

rehabilitation.
7. IR photographs taken from a satellite with
special films provide useful details of vegetation
on the Earth’s surface
8. A night-vision goggle
 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) WAVES APPLICATION

INFRA RED ❏ Effects/Disadvantages

Over exposure to infra red can lead

to burns and pain.