1 Write true or false next to each of these statements about atoms.

[4]
a Protons have a positive electric charge.

b Electrons have a positive electric charge.

c Neutrons have a negative electric charge.

d Electrons have a larger mass than protons and neutrons.

2 Explain the difference between weather and climate. [2]

3 Which of the following energy resources are renewable? [2]

Tick (✓) two boxes.

petroleum

wind

coal

solar
4 Billions of years ago, the climate and the atmosphere on Earth were not able to support life.
State at least two ways in which the early atmosphere of Earth was different from that of today. [2]
 1 a State the law of reflection.

b The diagram shows a plane mirror and a normal line.

Draw a ray of light being reflected at the point where the normal meets the mirror.

1 a State what happens to the speed of light when light passes from air into glass.
[1]

b The diagram shows the surface of a glass block and a normal line.

Draw a ray of light passing from air into the glass at the point where the normal meets
the surface.

2 White light is made from many colours.

Use the best words to complete these sentences about light.
 a White light can be split into many colours by passing the white light through a
.

b Splitting white light into many colours is called .

3 State the colour of light produced when red and green light of equal brightness are
added.

4 Which of these explains where asteroids came from?

[1]
Tick (✓) one box.
They were formed when a planet in the Solar System

broke apart. They were formed when another star in the

Solar System broke apart.

They were formed from rocks left over from the formation of the

Solar System. They arrived from space after the formation of the

Solar System.

The diagram shows a ball-and-socket joint.

The joint is between the bone at the top of the leg, and the hip bone.

a What kind of movement can happen at a ball-and-socket joint?

[1]
 b Name one other place in the human body where there is a ball-and-socket joint.

c The skeleton also has hinge joints.

A pair of antagonistic muscles moves the bones at a hinge joint.
Explain why a pair of muscles is needed to move the bones.

[2]

Draw the magnetic field pattern around this magnet. [1]

b Complete the sentences using words from the list.

[2]
Each word can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

attract force repel pull

A magnetic field will exert a on another magnetic field.

The magnetic field around a north pole will the

magnetic field around another north pole.
A magnetic compass can be used to navigate around the Earth. Complete these sentences
to explain why.

The Earth is surrounded by a field.

This field is caused by the of the Earth acting like a magnet.

This diagram shows an electromagnet.

Complete the diagram by adding labels.

Sofia investigates how the current in an electromagnet affects the strength of the
electromagnet.
a State two variables that Sofia must keep constant during this investigation.

1.

2.

b Sofia measures the number of paperclips that can be lifted by the

electromagnet each time the current is changed.
 number of
current in A
paperclips

0.1 5

0.2 11

0.3 16

0.4 19

0.5 24

0.6 28

This table shows her results.

Plot the results from the table as points on the graph.
The first three points have been plotted for you.
Complete the graph by drawing a straight line of best fit.