New Media

Unit 5
Story of internet in the world
ARPANET/DARPA
● Concept of global WORLD WIDE WEB
computer network ● Tim Berners Lee invented
tracked back to 60s
in 1989
● Advanced Research
● An info system where docs
Projects Agency
● Started as an are identified by URLs
experiment in 1958 ● Interlinked by hypertexts
● World’s 1st network by ● Not synonymous with
Defence dept of US; internet
their communications
team
INTERNET
SPUTNIK ● The term was 1st
● USSR’s launch of this used in 1974 by Vint
satellite in 1957 Cerf and Bob Kahn
● Signal to USA that it ● To standardize the
lacked technology way different host
● The story if internet computers
began here communicated
Story of internet in India
ERNET PUBLIC BROADCASTERS & GOVT WEBSITES
● Education &
● By mid 1998 - NPs, political parties, banks and
Research
govts - websites.
Network-GOI-1986
● NIC designed and hosted websites for
● Linked institutes and
ministries and departments
sci & tech
● Provided connectivity
and met needs of
edu and research
institutions

NIC VSNL
● National informatics
● Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
centre,GOI, 1976
● Launched commercial internet
● Govt IT support to deliver
service in 1995
services and admin
● 2002 disinvestments plan-25%
● Network backbone and
VSNL equity to TATA & others
e-governance support
ICT Development
in India
 Information ● Decision support to public

Communication
administrators
● Improve planning & monitoring
of programs
Technology ● Improve service to citizens and
bring transparency
● Access to info and knowledge to
What does ICT bring for the government citizens
and rural areas? ● Expand employment
opportunities in rural areas
 ICTs in rural areas include

Personal Internet
Cable TV Telephone
computers Mobile phones connection
connections
 ICT based major rural development services
Online services Market linkages Tele-education

information Producers For rural citizens of all

age groups and gender
Transaction Traders
Education Retailers
Training Suppliers
Monitoring
Land records on-line
registration
Village kiosks
 1. National government initiated
projects
2. State government promoted

ICT Kiosks - initiator 3.

projects
Private corporate sector

based 4.
promoted projects
Non-government sector
promoted projects
 ● E-seva of Andhra Pradesh
● Bhoomi of Karnataka
● Setu of Maharashtra
● E-choupals by ITC
● Wired villages of Warna
● DRISTI
● MSSRF

Examples of ICT
● TARAHAAT
● Agri-watch
Lok Mitra and Jan Mitra of
enabled kiosks
●
Rajasthan
● Gyandoot
● Gramdoot
● Akshaya of Kerala
● Community info centers

And so on.. Read up for more

 Activity

Students to bring in case studies of ICT initiatives by govt and

private orgs and share with the class
ICT and its uses for rural population or citizens
● Issue of certificates and licenses
● Procurement of produce
● Development info, projects, programmes, schemes and feedback
● Access to markets
● Education, training, to enhance employment and economic opportunity
● Delivery of health and educational services
● Entertainment and info for social needs
● Knowledge and info useful for economic activities
● Supply of consumer produce and services
 Application of
Video conferencing
interactive
●
● Streaming media: Internet TV,
Internet radio and Podcast
communication
What is interactive communication?

● Exchange of ideas where both participants, whether human, machine or art

form, are active and can have an effect on one another.

● Dynamic and two-way flow of information.

● Many collaborative technologies or new media have increased opportunities

for interactive communication

● ‘Interactivity’ is the primary characteristic of information age

● Communication technologies have been evolving for centuries

 ● Gaming
● Interactive fiction and
What does interactive ●
story-telling
Hypertext
communication forms ●
●
Interactive TV and movies
Video sharing
include? ●
●
Social media
User generated content
● Interactive marketing and PR
All of these follows the interactive model
● Virtual reality
of communication with its elements of ● ATM machines
encoding and decoding with fields of ● Online shopping
experiences. ● Chat rooms
Major roles played by 1. Communication
Interactive 2.
3.
Education
Health
communication 4.
5.
Productivity
Governance
technologies
What is internet radio?
• Also called web radio, net radio, streaming radio, e-radio, online radio.
• It is a digital audio service transmitted via the Internet. Broadcasting on the
Internet is usually referred to as webcasting.
• Involves a streaming medium that presents listeners with a continuous ‘stream’
of audio over which they have no control, much like traditional broadcast media.

• Internet radio is different from podcasting

The next gen radio
● 4 most important characteristics of radio:
1.Pervasiveness
2.Its local nature
3.The fact that it’s an oral medium
4.Its ability to involve communities and individuals in an interactive social
communication process
● The last one applies to the Internet and refers to individual users' ability
to interact with a website or directly with another individual or a
company via email.
What is a podcast?
• A podcast is a recorded audio file which you can download directly into
your computer and then play as often as you want

• It only plays once you’ve downloaded the whole file

• But e-radio broadcast takes live or recorded audio source and encodes it
into a digital stream, that starts playing the minute you access it on the
internet
Difference between internet radio and podcast
Podcast Internet Radio
● On demand
● Live broadcasting
● Episodic
● Continuous stream
● Variety of content
● Music centric
● User generated
● Commercial and non
● Personalization
commercial
● Listening devices
● Lack of on demand control
● Dedicated apps
Ethics in using new media
Ethics in internet usage
● Set of principles that govern an individual or
group on what is acceptable behavior while
using the internet.
● Neither good nor evil are intrinsic to the
internet
● The problem of internet ethics is the problem
of virtuous use of the internet, or in other
words, of the training and virtue necessary for
righteous use.
Ethical online?
● Being ethical online is no different from being ethical in one’s own
personal life.
● Your personal ethics in life portray how to behave digitally
● Internet ethics may be discussed in different contexts (work, children and
school, family, recreation etc.,)
Internet ethics
● We should be honest, respect the rights and property of others on the
internet.
1. Acceptance
2. While using emails and chat boxes
Ethics do not mean keeping
3. Pretending to be someone else
4. Avoid bad language your voice down. Ethics do not
5. Hiding personal information mean keeping feathers
6. While downloading unruffled.
Ethics mean taking full
responsibility for the things you
choose to say and do.
 The little things we do every day, even when we have no intention of causing
harm, quickly accumulate. Not only do these everyday actions normalize an
ever-present toxicity online, they pave the way for the worst kinds of abuses to
flourish.
10 commandments of internet ethics
1. You shall not use the Internet to harm other people.
2. You shall not interfere with other people’s Internet work.
3. You shall not snoop around in other people’s Internet files.
4. You shall not use the Internet to steal.
5. You shall not use the Internet to bear false witness.
6. You shall not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid (without permission).
7. You shall not use other people’s Internet resources without authorization or proper compensation.
8. You shall not appropriate other people’s intellectual output.
9. You shall think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are
designing.
10. You shall always use the Internet in ways that ensure consideration and respect for your fellow
humans.
Digital citizenship responsibilities:
Identifying digital rights and responsibilities
Digital citizenship
● Focus - how Internet users should manage online relationships, provide personal
protection from online attacks and show accountability for posted online viewpoints
and opinions.
● All of this should be integrated into a working system of reasonable internet
behaviour
● Everyone has a right to use modern technology that fits their personal interests.
● We are accountable as to how we apply technology to digital relationships,
activities and personal goals
Responsibilities to 1. Cyberbullying
2. Internet safety
possess to be a 3. Netiquette
4. Reporting offenders
productive digital 5. Digital law

citizen
1. Cyberbullying - 2. Internet safety -
● Supervision is non-existent
● Aspects of internet communications
● Users must TC of policing
sometimes spills over into physical
communications
realm.
● You make the voice; you create content.
● Every social site gives chances to
● So you’re responsible for how you
predators.
interact with other digital users.
● Sensibility must guide your digital
● You are responsible for protecting
relationships.
yourself against abusive users and
● Personal safety - foremost
relationships.
3. Netiquette -

● Short for ‘internet etiquette’

● As a modern digital citizen, you must Core rules of netiquette:
learn the internet lingo
● And the times and places at which it 1. Remember the human
must be used. 2. Adhere to behavior standards
● Eg: Typing in all caps could mean online like you do in real life.
SHOUTING. 3. Know your spot in cyberspace
● Internet provides anonymity but that 4. Make yourself look good online
doesn’t call for poor manners and rude 5. Keep flaming under control
comments. 6. Never spam.
4. Reporting offenders - 5. Digital law -

Learning to protect yourself goes far deeper than

● Safety is always important
the visual aspects of digital communications. You
● Digital Citizenship demands that you
must also learn the laws that govern Internet
respond to digital offenders in a manner
activities. For example:
that can end the offenses.
● This doesn’t entail a violent exchange of ● Do you know and understand digital
instant-messaging. copyright procedures?
● It merely requires that you report the ● Are you familiar with websites that
offender to the website management or, involve software pirating?
if necessary, to the proper legal ● How can you prevent someone from
authorities. stealing your identity?
● How do you identify Internet scams?
● Can you prevent hackers from invading
your system?
Ethics in using social media
● Concept of what is good, bad, right and wrong
● Joining social media equals joining a social community
● 3 core principles of social media ethics and etiquettes - authenticity,
transparency and communication.