Question Sheet: Decline of Mughal Empire

Section A Questions:

1. Who was Tipu Sultan? [4]

2. Who was Robert Clive? [4]
3. What was E.I.C? [4]
4. Who was Warren Hastings? [4]
5. Who was Nadir Shah? [4]
6. What was Doctrine of Lapse? [4]
7. Describe the Battle of Plassey. [4]
8. Who were Zamindars? [4]
9. What is Durand Line? [4]
10. What is Subsidiary Alliance? [4]
11. Describe the Battle of Buxar. [4]
12. What was the tragedy of Black Hole? [4]
13. What were the Carnatic Wars? [4]
14. Who was Mir Qasim? [4]
15. Describe the Jizya Tax. [4]
16. Describe the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire. [4]
Section B Questions:

1. Why did the E.I.C come to India? [7]

2. Why were the British able to replace the Mughals as the dominant force in the
subcontinent by 1850? [7]
3. Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the reign of Aurangzeb. [7]
4. Explain why the successors of Aurangzeb failed to prevent the decline of the Mughal
Empire. [7]
5. Why did the British annex Sindh? [7]
6. Why was the British Rule highly unpopular in India between 1800 and 1850? [7]
7. Why was Aurangzeb unpopular? [7]
8. Why did Nadir Shah invade the subcontinent? [7]
9. Why did the British government take control of the affairs of the E.I.C in the early 19 th
century? [7]
10. Why was Britain so successful in expanding its control of the sub-continent between 1750
and 1850? [7]
11. Why did the Indian subcontinent attract European Traders in the late 16 th and early 17th
century? [7]
12. Why did the British built railways in India during the 19 th Century? [7]
13. Why was Robert Clive was appointed the first Governor of Bengal? [7]
14. How did the British take over the areas of present-day Pakistan? [7]
15. How did Robert Clive lay the foundations for British Rule in the subcontinent? [7]
16. Why were Marathas defeated after the decline of the Mughal Empire? [7]
17. Why did the British introduce the western system of education in India during the 19 th
Century? [7]
18. How did Deccan Wars contribute to the decline of the Mughal Empire? [7]
Section C Questions:

1. Why was Britain able to expand its control over the subcontinent in the period 1750-1850?
Give reasons for your answer. [14]
2. Was the arrival of the British the main reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire? Give
reasons for your answer. [14]
3. Did educational reforms had a more important effect on the Indians than the social,
religious, and economic ones introduced by the British during the years 1773-1856? Explain.
[14]
4. ‘Indian resistance to British attempts to take control of lands in the sub-continent in the
hundred years before 1850 was totally unsuccessful.’ Do you agree? Give reasons for your
answer. [14]
A. By 1773, the EIC was covering the largest province of India
which was Bengal, hence, they started introducing a number of
reforms and educational reforms was one of them.
The British introduced Western Education schools to teach
people about their language and culture. The British
government set up schools across the country to teach
Western ideas using English Language. The British aimed to
educate a group of Indians who would take on Western values
and help the British to govern millions of Indians. The negative
impact was that the British were trying to impose European
culture on Indians but the positive impact was that the use of
English as the common language began to unite India.
The British also introduced Social reforms. Firstly, they made
English the official language of India. In 1834, English was
made the official language replacing Persian. This had a
Westernizing effect as it made the use of English more
common, and brought Indians in contact with their literature
and culture. Secondly, the British introduced an advanced
communication system. In 1853, Railways was introduced for
the first time in public. This helped the British industry to profit
by transporting raw materials to ports and manufactured
goods to be sold all over the country. Railways also helped the
British control the country. Troops moved speedily to where
ever they were needed. Civil servants would also move in
different cities more efficiently. The Indians also benefitted
from this as well. During Famine, food could be moved easily.
Family visits and pilgrimage became easy. The British also
discovered telegraphs which helped the British administration
in Calcutta to govern their areas effectively. It also helped
Indians to send messages to family members.
The British also introduced Religious reforms. Firstly, the
British banned Suttee. Suttee was a Hindu religious practice in
which the widow was burned alive with the corpse of her
husband. This practice was banned in 1829. Many of the
Hindus were happy on this practice being banned where as
some considered it as an interference into their religious
matters. Secondly, the British banned Thuggee. Thugee was a
Hindu practice in which Highway robbers or Bandits used to
rob Highway travelers and raid villages and after it they would
murder their victims in a ritualistic manner in order to sacrifice
to their religious goddess Kaali Ma. It was banned in 1830.
majority of the thugs were arrested & executed or they
surrendered. This was also welcomed by the people. Lastly,
the British introduced Christian Missionaries amongst the
Indians. In 1833, the British Govt. gave permission to Christian
Missionaries to operate anywhere in India. The main result
was that it strengthened the faith of British living in India but it
made them believe that their Christian values made them
superior to the local people as a result they became intolerant
of Indian traditions & behavior.
The British now introduced economic reforms. The British
changed the Zamindari system, as a result many peasants
became landless. The British also ended important duties on
the import of British goods leading to British cloth becoming
cheap. As a result many of Indians weavers began
unemployed. During the Mughal rule, Zamindars were in charge
of a particular area and their job was to collect taxes from
peasants which was 5% of their agriculture income. If the
Zamindars were unable to collect taxes they were punished by
imprisonment or public beating. During the British rule the
system changed. The tax was now 1/3 of the agriculture
produce and if the peasants were unable to pay taxes then
their lands will be taken by British. As a result many farmers
became landless and they had to work as poor labourers in
cities.
So I conclude Educational reforms did not affect more than the
other reforms. Reforms such as Social, Religious and economic
had more of an impact on the Indians.
Explanation:
got 14/14 so good luck
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