Pressure

Absolute Pressure- is the sum of the gage pressure and the atmospheric pressure
Pabs=Pgage+Patm

Atmospheric pressure is known as barometric pressure. Taken from barometer which is instrument used to measure air
pressure.

Standard atmospheric pressure -is 1.013𝑥105 Pa and it is equivalent to 14.7 lb/in2.

Other units used for pressure are:

1 atmosphere(atm)= 1.013𝑥105 Pa

=14.7 pound per sq. inch

=760 millimeter Hg

= 29.921 inches Hg

= 760 torr

MANOMETERS
A. SINGLE U-TUBE MANOMETER
- Using the principle of that the pressure at the horizontal level in continuous fluid is the same (Pascal’s law),
the pressure at the left and the right limbs of the manometer at the datum Z-Z can be calculated as follows.

𝑃𝑎 + 𝛾1ℎ1 = 𝛾2ℎ2 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚

 B. DIFFERENTIAL MANOMETER

𝑃𝑎 + 𝛾1ℎ1 = 𝛾2ℎ2 + 𝛾3ℎ3 + 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚

Example 1:What is the reading of height h of the manometer shown if the liquid is kerosene with specific gravity of 0.83
and pressure at A is 30 KPA a suction?
Example 2:

There are two fluids in an open-end manometer. Fluid 1 is glycerin(12.4 KN/m3) and fluid 2 is carbon
tetrachloride(15.57KN/m3). If the open-end is exposed to the atmosphere at 101.325 KPa. What is the absolute pressure
at the closed end of the manometer if it is occupied by fluid 1.
Example 3.

In the shown figure liquid A weighs 53.5 lb/ft3 and liquid B weighs 78.8 lb/ft3. A manometer liquid N is a mercury. If the
pressure at B is 30psi. fin the pressure at A.

Example 4.

The U-tube connected to the tank in Fig. 13.5 is called manometer. As you can see, the mercury in the tube
stands higher in one side than the other. What is the pressure in the tank if atmospheric pressure is 76cm of mercury
the density of mercury is 13.6g/cm3.
 Example 4.

A differential manometer is connected at the two points A and B as shown in Fig. At B air pressure is 9.81 N/cm2 ( abs. ) .
Find the absolute pressure at A