BIOLOGY SEMINAR

DONE BY :NIKITHA
MEMBERS OF THE GROUP: SHASHANK.M,PAVAN,ULLAS.G
 EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
 Air pollution can harm us when it accumulates in
the air in high enough concentrations.
 In addition, long-term exposure to air pollution
can cause cancer and damage to the immune,
neurological, reproductive, and respiratory
systems.
 In extreme cases, it can even cause death. Along
with harming human health, air pollution can cause
a variety of environmental effects.
Effects:
 Acid rain, eutrophication, haze, effects on wildlife,
ozone depletion, crop and forest damage and
global climate change
"Acid rain" is a popular term referring to the deposition of a mixture
from wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog, cloud ,water, and dew) and dry
(acidifying particles and gases) acidic components. Distilled water,
once carbon dioxide is removed, has a neutral pH of 7. Liquids with a pH
less than 7 are acidic, and those with a pH greater than 7 are
alkaline. "Clean" or unpolluted rain has an acidic pH, but usually
lower than 5.7.
Acid Rain, as the name suggests, can be said as the precipitation of
acid in the form of rain in the simplest manner. When atmospheric
pollutants like oxides of nitrogen and Sulphur react with
rainwater and come down with the rain, then this results in Acid Rain.
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide particles emitted from utility
plants , especially coal-fed electric plants.Automobiles also emit
gases causing acid rain.
 EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
Aquatic Environment: Acid rain can significantly
lower the pH of lakes, rivers, and streams, making
the water more acidic. This alteration in pH can
have detrimental effects on aquatic life, such as
fish, amphibians, and various aquatic plants.
Forests and Soils: Acid rain can leach essential
minerals and nutrients, such as calcium and
magnesium, from the soil Which affects the growth
of plants and trees.
Human: Fine particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and
nitrogen oxides can exacerbate respiratory
conditions such as asthma and bronchitis.
 Effects
HUMAN
LIFE

AQUATIC
LIFE

TREES
 The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases in
Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. This process makes Earth
much warmer than it would be without an atmosphere.
 Earth's greenhouse is also full of plants! Plants can help to
balance the greenhouse effect on Earth. All plants — from giant
trees to tiny phytoplankton in the ocean — take in carbon dioxide
and give off oxygen.
 The ocean also absorbs a lot of excess carbon dioxide in the air.
Unfortunately, the increased carbon dioxide in the ocean changes
the water, making it more acidic. This is called ocean acidification.
 During last three decades temperature of earth has increased
about 0.5 degree Celsius. The rise in CO2 is leading to a greater
retention of the solar radiation in the atmosphere causing
global warming.
2. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
 The ozone layer is a region in the
earth’s stratosphere that contains
high concentrations of ozone and
protects the earth from the harmful
ultraviolet radiations of the sun.”

 Ozone layer depletion is the gradual

thinning of the earth’s ozone layer in
OZONE DEPLETION
the upper atmosphere caused due to IN ANTARTICA
the release of chemical compounds
containing gaseous bromine or
chlorine from industries or other
human activities.
 .
THE REDUCED
OZONE CANNOT
PREVENT THE
Ozone-Depleting Substances Sources ENTRY OR HARMFUL
UV-B RAYS TO THE
EARTH,WHICH
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Refrigerators, air-conditioners, CAUSES SUN
solvents, dry-cleaning agents, etc. BURNS,GENETIC
DISORDERS,SKIN
CANCERS AND
Halons Fire-extinguishers REDUCED
PRODUCTIVITY OF
Carbon tetrachloride Fire extinguishers, solvents
FOREST AND SEA.
Methyl chloroform Adhesives, aerosols

Hydrofluorocarbons fire extinguishers, air-conditioners,

solvents
IN 1994,THE UNITED
NATIONS GENERAL
ASSEMBLY VOTED TO
DESIGNATE SEPTEMBER 16
AS WORLD OZONE DAY.