Angiosperm Root

BASAL ANGIOSPERMS
AND
MAGNOLIIDS

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 SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE
ANGIOSPERM

The CRONQUIST SYSTEM (1981)

 Dr. Arthur Cronquist of New York Botanical

Garden classified different plants based on their
FLORAL MORPHOLOGY and VEGETATIVE
RELATIONSHPS.

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 SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE
ANGIOSPERM

Cronquist divided flowering plants into broad

classes: the Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) and
Liliopsida (Monocotyledons).

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 SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE
ANGIOSPERM

The ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP

(APG)- (1998,2003)
 Aim: taxonomy of flowering plants using PHYLOGENETIC
RELATIONSHIPS
 Tool: molecular biology techniques (genetic sequences)–
MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS
 Reclassification and regrouping of the flowering plants based on
their molecular characteristics
 Basis: 2 chloroplast genes and 1 gene coding for ribosomes
 These genes are slowly evolving.
 The group was made by 29 botanists.

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 BASAL ANGIOSPERMS

early angiosperms (roots angiosperms)

Made up of 4 families (2 are present in the
Philippines)
 Amborellaceae
 Nymphaeaceae
 Austrobaileyaceae
 Chloranthaceae

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 Representative Organisms
CLADES ORDER FAMILY EXAMPLES
Basal Angiosperms

Nymphaeales Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea sp. (water lily)

Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera (lotus)
Magnoliids

Magnoliales Annonaceae Annona squamosa (atis)

Cananga odorata (ilang-ilang)
Annona muricata (guyabano)
Magnoliaceae Magnolia grandiflora
Michelia platyphylla
Laurales Lauraceae Persea americana (avocado)
Piperales Piperaceae Piper nigrum (black pepper)
Peperomia pellucida
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 Representative Organisms
Basal Angiosperms
 Nymphaeaceae
 Nymphaea nouchali
 Nelumbonaceae
 Nelumbo nucifera
 Chloranthaceae
 Chloranthus elatior

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 Representative Organisms

Magnoliids
 Annonaceae
 Annona squamosa
 Cananga odorata
 Annona muricata

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 Representative Organisms
Magnoliids
 Magnoliaceae
 Magnolia grandiflora
 Michelia alba

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 Representative Organisms
Magnoliids
 Piperaceae
 Piper nigrum
 Piper betel
 Peperomia pellucida

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 Representative Organisms
Magnoliids
 Lauraceae
 Persea americana

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 Floral Evolution

Trends in Flower Evolution

 Reduction in number (number of stamen and pistil)

 Fusion of floral parts (gamopetalous/ with corolla tube)

 Specialization of Parts (presence of accessory floral parts)

 Changes in symmetry (actinomorphic to zygomorphic)

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