/i

Language

Hello

/ai
/
Understanding
INFORMATION
LESSON 2:
Prepared by: Ms. Anthoinette Frisco

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 /i:/
HELL
O OBJECTIVES:

1. define textual aid and transcoding;

2. identify examples of textual aids;
3. transcode linear and nonlinear text vice versa; and /ə:
/
4. determine the effects of textual aids on the
/i/ understanding of a text.

CONTEN
T
S
 /i:/
HELL
O WHAT ARE TEXTUAL AIDS?
Textual Aids are visual aids that help readers to
better understand the texts they are reading by
enhancing their learning as they read through the
material. /
/ə:

In the case of writers, textual aids help in

/i/
presenting complex information to a more
understandable way to readers.
CONTEN
T
S
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M PLA
T E
TE

WOR
DART
S

/i:/
 WHAT ARE THE PURPOSE OF TEXTUAL AIDS?
/
/ə:
A. to reproduce some major text materials in a visual or LAN
GU
GE A
spatial format
B. to give an overview of important information
C. to show relationships of different text elements
D. to add numerical information to some given verbal
data
E. to provide a summary of the main points
F.
/Ʌ/
to provide visual variety on the page
OLO
T H
PA Y
G

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 /
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WO
HA TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
This is a section of the book
where its major parts are
listed along with their page
numbers. It is used to locate
/ai
/ information and the book's /Ʌ/

main topics.
WOHA
 CON
TEN
BL
TA
E TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS TS

GLOSSARIES
are used to quickly find
key terms and their
/ə:
/
definitions in the book.
The key terms in the
/Ʌ/
glossary are
alphabetically arranged.
/ai /Ʌ/
/

TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD

UC
TION

INDEX / INDICES
SECTION
This section of the book
contains a list of key
information together with
the page numbers
where they can be
found. /i/

/
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/ə:
/
E
O RD
DIS R
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
TION
LANG
UAG
KEY / GUIDE WORDS SECTION
E

These are terms with definitions located

within the page where they are
discussed. This is for the reader to
highlight and remember the important /ai
/

idea in a selection.
/Ʌ/
 /
/æ
/
/ə:

TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS

SECTION INTROD
UC
TION

DIAGRAMS
LANGU
AG SECTION
E
A diagram is used for readers to better
understand detailed information in a
simplified manner. It allows readers to
better understand steps, the information
in the text, and how certain things are
made. /ai/

/i/
 LAN
GU COMMONLY USED DIAGRAMS
GE A

R O BLE
P
MS

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/
CYCLE PYRAMID RADIAL

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/
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TARGET
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/

/Ʌ/
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS
SECTION INTROD
UC
TION

GRAPHS / CHARTS / TABLES

LANGU
HELLO

AG SECTION
E These are used to organize large amounts of
information within a small space. These also
help the readers to better understand the
relationship between the different information
SO R DER
available to them. At the same time,
DI
S graphs/charts/tables compare and summarize
/i/
information.
/i:/
/ai /Ʌ/
/
KINDS OF GRAPHS /i/

PAT
HO
LOG
Y

LINE GRAPH BAR GRAPH

/i/

/
/ə: SECTION
PIE/CIRCLE PICTOGRAPGH
GRAPH
 PT
/ə:/ CONCE
PICT
U
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
RE

TION

MAPS SECTION

These are
representations, usually
on a flat surface, of a
whole or a part of
/Ʌ/ something.
/i/
/ai
/
 LAN
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HOLO
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
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T
PA Y TION
G

TIMELINE SECTION

This allows relevant information to be

understood by the readers in chronological /Ʌ/

order. This helps the readers understand the

/ə:/ order of certain events and how a particular
event leads to another.
/i:/
 /
/æ
/
/ə:

SEC
STUDIES TION

/ai
/

/Ʌ/
LA NGU
AG
E
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
PRO
M
GRA
TION

ILLUSTRATIONS SECTION

Illustrations are used so that readers

/
/ə:
can visualize information. They help /ai
/

readers to understand texts that are not

clear.
/i:/
 LAN
GU
GE A
HOLO
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
T
PA Y TION
G

BOLD PRINT / ITALICS SECTION

The bold print is thicker in appearance

/Ʌ/
and italics are slanted letters. These are
/ə:/
used to show readers that words written
in these ways are important.
/i:/
 /
/æ

QUO
TE TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
TION

TITLES SECTION

These allow the readers to identify the

different topics within the text. It allows /ai

/Ʌ/
them to better understand the main idea
discussed in the material.
QUO
TE
 /Ʌ/
/i:/
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
TION

HEADINGS SECTION

These make readers identify the

different topics discussed within the
material as readers skim and scan its /ai
/
contents. Headings divide the text into
/ə:/ different sections.
 /i/
/Ʌ/

TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD

UC
æ/ TION

SUBHEADINGS SECTION

Subheadings help the readers navigate

through the different sections of the text
and help them better understand the
main idea of each section.
/ə:/
 /ə:
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
/ TION
/Ʌ/

SIDEBARS SECTION

Sidebars create interest among readers

as important information is emphasized
in the sidebars. They allow readers to
/i:/
pay attention to interesting facts. /i/
 LAN
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GE A
HOLO
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS INTROD
UC
T
PA Y TION
G

CAPTIONS SECTION

Captions help readers to better

understand a photo or illustration by /Ʌ/

giving additional information that cannot

/ə:/
be readily seen in the photo or
illustration
/i:/
 LAN
GU
GE A HELL
A PICTURE
O
IS WORTH
A
THOUSAND
/
WORDS
/ə:
/ai
/

/ /i:/
/æ
 /i/
/Ʌ/

BER
NUM

Let’s
/æ
/
Practice! /ai

BIG
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It shows a foundation-based
relationship
/i:/
among things /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It contains a list of key information

together with the page numbers
/i:/ /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It is used to show a continuous

/i:/ data /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It is a graphical representation of a list

of events in/i:/ chronological order. /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It is used to locate information and the

book's
/i:/ main topics /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It is a graphical device containing

columns
/i:/ and rows /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

presents data using circles that are divided

into segments or categories which reflect the
proportion of the
/i:/
variables concerning the /i/
whole
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

a symbolic representation of selected

characteristics of a place, usually
drawn by/i:/ a cartographer /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

useful when you want to

compare
/i:/ certain things /i/
/Ʌ/
/ə:
/

It uses illustrations and drawings of

the actual /data
i:/ being presented /i/
 /ai/

/i/

SEC
TIO
N

CONCLU
SI
ON

Group Activity

/
/æ
/
/ə:
 /ai
M /
BLE
PR O
S GROUP 1 INTROD
TION
UC

SECTION

/ə:/
Look at the given examples of glossary,
index, and table of contents. Then,
create a table/chart that compares /i:

them.
/i/ LANG
UAG
E
 /ai
M /
BLE
PR O
S GROUP 2 INTROD
TION
UC

SECTION

/ə:/
Analyze the given graph to your group
by making at least 5 statements that are /i:

true based on it.

/i/ LANG
UAG
E
 /ai
M /
BLE
PR O
S GROUP 3 INTROD
TION
UC

SECTION

/ə:/
Read the given text about the Stages of
Human Life and summarize it by /i:

making a textual aid.

/i/ LANG
UAG
E
 /ai
M /
BLE
PR O
S GROUP 4 INTROD
TION
UC

SECTION

/ə:/

Create a graph that shows how you

manage your weekly allowance. /i:

/i/ LANG
UAG
E
 /ai
M /
BLE
PR O
S GROUP 5 INTROD
TION
UC

SECTION

/ə:/

Create the most appropriate textual aid

based on the given scenario. /i:

/i/ LANG
UAG
E
 /ai
M /
BLE
PR O
S GROUP 6 INTROD
TION
UC

SECTION

/ə:/
Conduct a survey to your group
members and present the results by /i:

using the most appropriate textual aid.

/i/ LANG
UAG
E
 /i/
/ai
/
E
AWESOM

ANY
/
QUESTIONS?
/æ WORDS

/Ʌ/
 /

THANKS! THA
NKS
!
THANK
YOU!

æ/

/Ʌ/
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PA Y
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CONTENT:
ENGLISH 10 – QUARTER 1 – MODULE 2

PHOTOS
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