P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
BY: KRISTEN
REGIONAL RICHES AND
CHARACTERISTICS (NATIONAL CAPITAL
REGION, ILOCOS REGION, CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE REGION)
1. Which refers to the measure of hotness or
coldness expressed in terms of any of
several scales, including Fahrenheit and
Celsius?
Answer: Temperature
2. Which type of climate is characterized by
more rainfall, or less pronounced dry
season?
Answer: Tropical Monsoon
3. Which month of the year is considered the
coolest month in the Philippines?
Answer: January
4. Which of the following statements define
HUMIDITY?
Answer:
5. What is the primary reason of the different
climates in the different places of the
Philippines?
Answer: Surface Elevation
6. People from provinces fly their way to this
region for a promise of a better life where
they can practice their professions. What
region is this where industries are growing
at a speed?
Answer: NCR-National Capital Region
7. Which of the following cities is known as the
largest financial and economic hub of the
metropolitan area and the country?
Answer: Makati
8. Which among the following is the climate of
NCR- National Capital Region?
Answer: Tropical Monsoon
9. Which does NOT belong to the provinces of
Ilocos Region?
Answer: Samar
10. Which does NOT belong to the common
livelihood of Ilocos Region?
Answer: Dried Fish Making
11. Who was the president who issued an
Executive Order 220 which created the
Cordillera Administrative Region?
Answer: Corazon C. Aquino
12. Cordillera Administrative Region is rich in
culture and food resources such as rice,
vegetables, corn, coffee, and variety of root
crops. Given these, what could possibly be
the livelihood present in the region?
Answer:
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
 The National Capital Region (NCR), also
known as Metropolitan Manila, is the capital
region of the Philippines. It is located in the
southwestern portion of Luzon, directly below
Central Luzon.
 A historical province encompasses the former
preHispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila.
It became the capital of the colonial
Philippines, with Manila (Intramuros) serving
as the center of colonial power.
 The city is dotted with palms, banyans,
acacias, and other tropical trees, and bamboo
grows in many public parks. Domestic
mammals—such as water buffalo, horses,
dogs, pigs, and goats—are common, while
wild birdlife includes shrikes, doves, and
pigeons. Manila Bay abounds with sardines,
anchovies, mackerel, tuna, snappers, and
barracuda. The city’s natural beauty is marred,
however, by air and water pollution caused by
the expansion of industry and the growing
number of motor vehicles.
 Metro Manila is the financial, commercial and
industrial center of the Philippines. Makati is
the largest financial and economic hub of the
metropolitan area and the country, regarded as
the metropolis' central business district (CBD),
it is the base of many Philippines' largest
corporations including the Ayala group of
Companies, as well as the nation's major
banks.
 The diverse manufacturing activities of Manila
include textile production, publishing and
printing, food and tobacco processing, and
chemical processing. NCR is also known to
produce lumber and wood items, rope and
cordage, soap, and other goods.
 Factories generally are small and are located
mostly in the congested districts of Tondo
(which also has the railroad and truck
terminals), Binondo, and Santa Cruz. Heavy
industries are located in the districts of Paco,
Pandacan, and Santa Ana.
 NCR features a tropical wet and dry climate
that borders on a tropical monsoon climate.
However, humidity levels are usually very
high which makes it feel much warmer. It has
a distinct, albeit relatively short dry season
from January through April, and relatively
lengthy wet season from May through
December.
REGION 1 ILOCOS REGION
P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
BY: KRISTEN
 It is composed of our (4) provinces– Ilocos
Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan.
San Fernando City is the Regional Capital.
 Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal
Negritos before they were pushed by
successive waves of Malay immigrants that
penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in the
interior, Ilocanos in the north, and
Pangasinense in the south settled the region.
 The region has prime agricultural land in spite
of the scarcity of arable land due to its rough
terrain. Its most important crops are tobacco,
rice, and vegetables. Region I is drained by 29
river systems, aside from small mountain
streams that sometimes swell up to three times
their sizes during the rainy season. These
rivers are valuable means of irrigation source.
River Basins: The Agno River basin, and the
Amburayan River basin. Principal products are
rice, corn, tobacco, garlic, sugarcane, and
cassava.
 In Region I, the highest average labor
productivity was recorded in the electricity,
gas and water subsector followed by the
mining and quarrying subsector. Blanket
weaving, basketry, shell craft, broom making,
THE TERRITORIES OF THE PHILIPPINES
pottery making, wine and vinegar making,
jewelry making, wood and stone craft are
common livelihood in the region.
CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
 The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
is bounded on the north by the province of
Cagayan, on the west by Ilocos Norte and
Ilocos Sur, on the east by Isabela and in the
south by the province of Pangasinan and
Nueva Vizcaya.
 The region is politically subdivided into six (6)
provinces and two cities, namely Abra,
Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mt.
Province, and Baguio City.
 On July 15, 1987, President Corazon C.
Aquino issued Executive Order 220 which
created the Cordillera Administrative Region.
 Tourist attractions in the region include the
world famous Banaue Rice Terraces in the
province of Ifugao. This is supposedly
considered as the "Eighth Wonder of the
World". Natural attractions of the region
include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the
Mummy Caves of Benguet and Mt. Province.
There are four National Parks: Cassamata Hill,
Mount Pulag (the second highest mountain in
the Philippines with an elevation of 2,922
meters above sea level), Mt. Data and
Balbalasang-Balbalan, located in the province
of Kalinga. Kalinga is also offering world
class white water rafting along the Chico
River.
 Cordillera has abundant mineral reserves.
These include metallic ores such as gold,
copper, silver, zinc, and non-metallic minerals
like sand, gravel and sulfur. Mineral reserves
are found in all the provinces. However,
mining is concentrated in Benguet. Major
Commodities and productivity: CAR is
extensively grown to rice, vegetables, corn,
coffee, and root crops.
 Farming; Crop production and agro- based
industries, coffee-processing, pottery, weaving,
wood-carving are the popular livelihood in the
region.
 CAR is known for its cool climate due to its
high mean elevation. The provinces of Abra
and Benguet fall within the first
climatic type characterized by two distinct
seasons, dry season from November to April
and wet season for the rest of the year.
1. Which of the following is an example of a
continent?
Answer:
2. Tsunamis are movements of water caused
by an earthquake. In March, 11, 2011, a
very destructive tsunami took place in
which country?
Answer: Japan
3. Which of the following is a country?
Answer:
4. Guimaras is known for its sweet mangoes
while Camiguin Island is known for?
Answer: Sweet Lanzones
5. In terms of the geographic location of the
Philippines, people living near the coastal
areas will most likely to have
_____________ as a common source of
livelihood.
Answer: Fishing
THE TERRITORY
 Every country has its territory. Philippines has
its own national territory. Territory is defined
as the geographical area belonging to or under
the rule of a government.
NATIONAL TERRITORY: 1987 PH.
P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
BY: KRISTEN
CONSTITUTION
 The national territory comprises the Philippine
archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over
which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial,
and aerial domains, including its territorial sea,
the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and
other submarine areas. The waters around,
between, and connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and
dimensions, form part of the internal waters of
the Philippines.
 Part of the national territory of the Philippines
are all the islands (7,641 islands) and waters
embraced therein. Philippines has sovereignty
or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial,
fluvial, and aerial domains.
TERRESTRIAL DOMAIN
 It refers to the land whether agricultural,
residential, and industrial lands, forest and
national parks under sovereignty and
jurisdiction of the Philippines.
FLUVIAL DOMAIN
 Refers to the water, this could be seas, rivers,
oceans, lakes, canals, ports and harbor.
*Internal and National Waters.
FLUVIAL: INSULAR/CONTINENTAL
SHELVES
 Insular/Continental Shelves (Kalapagang
Insular)
They are the submerged portions of the
continent or offshore island, which slope
gently seaward from the low waterline to a
point where a substantial break in grade
occurs, at which point the bottom slopes
seaward at a considerable increase in slope
until the great ocean depths are reached.
FLUVIAL: TERRITORIAL SEAS
 Territorial Seas (Dagat Teritoryal)
Those 12 nautical miles constitute the
country's territorial sea. Anything within the
12 nautical mile area is Philippine territory,
which means that anyone or anything within
that zone is subject to Philippine laws. It is
also- called the “marginal sea,” the “marginal
belt,” or the “marine belt.”
FLUVIAL: INTERNAL WATERS
 Internal Waters (Panloob na Katubigan)
These refers to the bodies of water that
connect one island to another. It also includes
other forms and bodies of water that can be
found inside the Philippine Territory.
FLUVIAL: SEABED
 Seabed (Ilalim ng Dagat)
This refers to the land that holds the sea, lying
beyond the seashore, including mineral and
natural resources.
FLUVIAL: SUBMARINE AREAS
 Submarine Areas (Pook Submarina) They refer
to all areas under the territorial sea. Among
oceanographic terms used are seamount,
trough, trench, basin, deep, bank, shoal, and
reef.
AERIAL DOMAIN
 Aerial Domain. It includes the air directly
above the state's terrestrial and fluvial
domains, all the way up to where the outer
space begins. (100 Kilometers going up from
the sea level).
LEGAL BASIS OF THE PHILIPPINE
TERRITORY
 The Treaty of Paris 1898 (Kasunduan sa Paris
ng 1898)
Representatives of Spain and the United States
signed a peace treaty in Paris on December 10,
1898, which established the independence of
Cuba, ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the
United States, and allowed the victorious
power to purchase the Philippines Islands from
Spain for $20 million.
THE TREATY OF US AND GREAT BRITAIN
(KASUNDUAN NG ESTADOS UNIDOS AT
GRAN BRITANYA)
 This treaty states that Turtle Islands in Tawi-
Tawi at Mangsee Islands in Palawan belong to
the Philippine territory.
 The 1935 Philippine Constitution (Saligang
Batas 1935)
States that Batanes Island is part of the
Philippine territory.
THE ARCHIPELAGIC DOCTRINE
(DOKTRINANG PANGKAPULUAN)
 "All waters around, between and connecting
the different islands of the Philippine
P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
BY: KRISTEN
Archipelago, irrespective of their width and
dimension, are necessary appurtenances of its
land territory, forming an integral part of the
national or inland waters, subject to the
exclusive sovereignty of the Philippines."
 The 1982 Law of the Seas (Batas Dagat
1982) UNCLOS o
United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea states that 12 miles from the seashore is a
territory belongs to the Philippines. The EEZ
also states the 200 miles from the seashore is
part of the fishing area of the Philippines.
 Republic Law No. 9522 (Batas Republika
Blg. 9522)
Known as the Philippine Achipelagic Baseline
Law. This law is the basis that the Kalayaan
Group of Islands (Spratly) and Bajo de
Masinloc o Scarborough Shoal is part of the
Philippine territory.
 China is the fiercest competitor of the
Philippines with regards to Kalayaan Group of
Islands (Spratly) and Bajo de Masinloc o
Scarborough Shoal. The Republic of the
Philippines filed a case to UN Tribunal against
China regarding their claims on the said
territories.
THE FOUR TYPES OF CLIMATES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1. Where is the northern land boundary of the
Philippines located?
Answer:
2. The ff are the reasons why the location of
the Philippines is considered strategic,
EXCEPT:
Answer: Serves as hiding spot of the terrorist.
3. Which refers to the area within the
country’s power?
Answer:
4. What do we call the primary legal basis of
the Philippine’s National Territories?
Answer: 1987 Philippine Constitution
5. Which among the territories of the
Philippines was not mentioned in the Treaty
of Paris?
Answer:
WEATHER
 Weather is what's happening in the atmosphere
on a given day, in a specific place. Local
forecasts include temperature, humidity,
winds, cloudiness, and prospects for storms or
other changes over the next few days.
CLIMATE
 Climate is the average of these weather
ingredients over many years. Some
meteorologists say that "climate is what you
expect; weather is what you get".
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 TERMS
the measure of hotness or coldness expressed
in terms of any of several scales, including
Fahrenheit and Celsius.
 HUMIDITY
the amount of water vapor in the air. If there is
a lot of water vapor in the air, the humidity
will be high. The higher the humidity, the
wetter it feels outside.
 WINDS
the movement of air, caused by the uneven
heating of the Earth by the sun and the Earth's
own rotation. Winds range from light breezes
to natural hazards such as hurricanes and
tornadoes.
 CLOUDINESS
the extent to which the atmosphere is covered
by cloud and is estimated in fractions or
percent. Overcast refers to near 100%
cloudiness while clear refers to near 0%
cloudiness.
 STORMS
the violent disturbance of the atmosphere with
strong winds and usually rain, thunder,
lightning, or snow.
P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
BY: KRISTEN
The 4 Types of Climates in the Philippines
 The Climate of the Philippines is either
tropical rainforest, tropical savanna
or tropical monsoon, or humid subtropical (in
higher-altitude areas) characterized by
relatively high temperature, humidity and
plenty of rainfall.
4 TYPES OF CLIMATES
 TROPICAL RAINFOREST
Tropical rainforest is characterized as hot, very
humid, and wet. Normally,
there is no dry season in a tropical rainforest
climate, and even if there is, it is very short.
Heavy rainfall is therefore expected
throughout the year. Provinces with tropical
rainforest climate are those located near the
equator.
 TROPICAL MONSOON
Tropical monsoon is characterized by more
rainfall, or less pronounced dry
season. This type of climate comes between
tropical rainforest climate and tropical savanna
climate.
 TROPICAL SAVANNA
In contrast to tropical monsoon, tropical
savanna has a dry season and gets less rainfall.
Dry season can become severe.
 HUMID SUBTROPICAL
characterized by hot and humid summers, and
cold to mild winters. Provinces with this type
of climate are typically located at or near
coastal areas of the Philippines.
THE 2 SEASONS OF THE PHILIPPINES
 There are two seasons in the country, the wet
season and the dry season, based upon the
amount of rainfall. This is dependent as well
on your location in the country as some areas
experience rain all throughout the year.
 DRY
The Philippines dry season starts in December
and runs through to about June. Does not
encounter any monsoons, you do however
have the consistent trade winds blowing from
north- east which are generally dry.
 From March to June, you can expect hot and
dry weather. May is the hottest month of the
year, you can expect temperatures in the high
thirties’ degree Celsius and at night, if it gets
below 27 degrees Celsius, then you are lucky.
Make sure you have air conditioning or at least
a fan.
 Is this a good time to visit?
It is! The Philippines climate is the best during
the months of December to May, the ideal
month is March just before the heat and
humidity really starts to kick in.
 WET
With the high humidity and heat of the months
May and June it is not surprising that
something has to give, it just cannot stay like
this forever. The season will break, usually in
July. It is July through to November that the
rain comes and pours heavily. These rains are
called monsoons and are a constant wind-
bringing rain.
 Is this a good time to visit?
The down side of course is the rain and the
odd storm. But typical of tropical climates, the
afternoon showers are a relief and something
to look forward to. There is nothing better than
having a cool drink overlooking the deep blue
of the ocean watching the storm build and
break and then disappear.
SEVEN WARMEST MONTHS OF THE YEAR
 are from March to October. The winter
monsoon brings cooler from November to
February. May is the warmest month and
January, the coolest.
FOUR RECOGNIZED TYPES OF CLIMATES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
BY: KRISTEN
REGIONAL RICHES AND
CHARACTERISTICS
(CAGAYAN VALLEY, CENTRAL LUZON,
CALABARZON AND MIMAROPA)
1. What is the name of the historical province
that became the center of colonial power
during pre- Hispanic time?
ANSWER:
2. What do we call the group of people living
in the southern area of the Ilocos Region?
ANSWER:
3. What was the reason why the famous
Banaue Rice Terraces was built?
ANSWER:
4. Which of the following cities is known as the
largest financial and economic hub of the
metropolitan area and the country?
ANSWER: MAKATI
5. Which does NOT belong to the provinces of
Ilocos Region?
ANSWER: SAMAR
6. Which among the following cities is the
regional center of the province of Cagayan
Valley?
ANSWER:
7. Agriculture is the primary livelihood in
Cagayan Valley. Which does NOT belong to
the agricultural produce of the region?
ANSWER:
8. Which of the following is the means of
livelihood on Cagayan Valley?
ANSWER:
9. Which does NOT belong to the statements
that describe Central Luzon?
ANSWER:
10. Which province of Region III is known for
its refractory chromite, copper and nickel
deposits?
ANSWER:
11. Who was the president who issued an
Executive Order which reorganized the
Southern Tagalog region?
ANSWER: GLORIA M. ARROYO
12. Which place of CALABARZON is known
as The Home of the Finest Lambanog?
ANSWER: TAYABAS
13. What makes CALABARZON
predominantly an agriculture province?
ANSWER:
14. Which among the following provinces does
NOT belong to MIMAROPA?
ANSWER: PAMPANGA
15. Which among the following provinces is
known as the Lenten Capital of the
Philippines?
ANSWER: MARINDUQUE
CAGAYAN VALLEY
 The Cagayan Valley, officially designated as
Region II, is an administrative region in the
Philippines occupying the northeastern section
of Luzon. It covers 5 provinces, namely,
Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya,
and Quirino. The regional center is the City of
Tuguegarao.
 Long before the coming of the Spaniards into
the valley, fishing villages existed on the banks
and at the mouths of the rivers and creeks
flowing into the sea. The Spaniards found
natives inhabiting the narrow coastal plains in
Northern Luzon and flood plains of the
Cagayan River – the Ibanags.
 Major industries are agriculture with rice and
corn as main crops, livestock production of
cattle, hog, carabaos and poultry, furniture
making of rattan and other indigenous
materials, fishing especially along the coast of
Cagayan, Isabela and Batanes and Magat Dam
in Isabela and also exportation of fruits, fruit
preserves and vegetables.
 Cagayan is massive area of plains and valleys,
crisscrossed by Cagayan River that's why the
region's means of livelihood is agriculture and
fishing. The main crops in the region are rice
and corn. It is the top producer of corn in the
whole country and second in rice production.
 The climate in Cagayan is hot, oppressive, and
overcast. It is yearlong warm or hot.
CENTRAL LUZON
 Central Luzon (Filipino: Gitnáng Luzon,
designated as Region III (or Region 3), is
central part of Luzon, the region has the
largest plain in the country and produces
most of the country's rice supply. Its
provinces are Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan,
a
Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and
Zambales.
 Central Luzon also has its share of colorful
history. Malolos, Bulacan was the place
where the first constitution of an
independent Philippines was promulgated
on January 21, 1899. Tarlac town became
P2 EDU 571- SOCIAL STUDIES
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the seat of the Philippine government for
one month in March 1899, when Pres.
Aguinaldo left Bulacan to escape
approaching US forces.
 Central Luzon is rich in timber and
mineral resources (both metallic and non-
metallic). Aurora is known for its timber;
Zambales for its refractory chromite,
copper and nickel deposits; Tarlac for
Manganese; Bulacan for marble;
Pampanga for sand and gravel; and Nueva
Ecija for feldspar. Fertile rice lands, melon
patches and fishponds can also be found
along rivers and tributaries. Region III
accounts for the third largest aquaculture
production in the Philippines. Aurora’s
332-kilometer coastline and Zambales’
272 kilometers are teeming with marine
resources.
 Farming and fishing are the main
industries. Rice and sugarcane are the
major crops.
 Dry season in the Region is from
November to May. Rains normally occur
during the months of July to October.
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
 CALABARZON is one of the districts of the
Philippines. It is additionally assigned as
Region IV-A and its provincial capital is
Calamba City in Laguna. The locale is made
out of five areas, to be specific: CAvite,
LAguna, BAtangas, Rizal, and QueZON; the
district's name is framed from the names of
these regions.
 On May 17, 2002, President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo signed Executive Order
No. 103, which reorganized the Southern
Tagalog region. Due to its size, Region IV was
split into two separate regions, Region IV-A
(Calabarzon) and Region IV-B (Mimaropa).
Aurora was transferred to Region III, Central
Luzon. The next year, Arroyo signed
Executive Order No. 246, which declared
Calamba as the regional center of the region.
 San Pablo, Laguna is famous for its seven
lakes, Pagsanjan for its majestic and world-
famous waterfalls and Taal Lake in Batangas is
a famous tourist destination. Tayabas City is
known as the City of Festivals, Rest and
Recreation Destination of Quezon and the
Home of the Finest Lambanog.
CALABARZON is also rich in cultural
traditions. Laguna is known for embroidery,
wood carving, and papier-mâché (locally
known as taka). Quezon has harvest festivals
and flamboyantly decorated houses. Rizal has
artisan villages and art galleries. It’s a colorful
region.
 CALABARZON is predominantly an
agriculture province and its major crops
include rice, vegetables, fruits, root crops,
coffee, coconut and sugarcane. It is endowed
with rich offshore and coastal fishing grounds
and fishing is a major source of livelihood in
the coastal towns.
 Climate varies per province/area but generally,
climate is wet and rainfall is highly
pronounced.
REGION IV-B MIMAROPA
 MiMaRoPa (usually capitalized in official
government documents), formally known
as the Southwestern Tagalog Region, is an
administrative region in the Philippines. It
was also formerly designated as Region
IV-B until 2016. It is one of two regions in
the country having no land border with
another region (the other being Eastern
Visayas). The name is an acronym
combination of its constituent provinces:
Mindoro (divided into Occidental Mindoro
and Oriental Mindoro), Marinduque,
Romblon and Palawan.
 The region’s economy relies mostly on
agriculture, fishing and ecotourism. It is
one of the producers of the country’s top
export products like rice, banana, coconut,
cashew, and papaya. The region is also the
second top producer of fish and seaweed
in the country.
 MIMAROPA is one of the busiest regions
in terms of tourism. Region IV-B is home
to:
Mindoro Oriental- The Loveliest Harbor
in the Island
Mindoro Occidental- The Marine
Wonderland
Marinduque- The Lenten Capital
Romblon- The Marble Capital
Palawan- Home of the New Seven
Wonders of Nature
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 MIMAROPA were engaged in common
agricultural activities like planting palay,
corn, etc., others were also involved in
other agricultural activities like bee
culture/honeybee production, silkworm
production, among others.
 Being a region with the provinces
separated by waters, the whole region does
not experience a single climate but rather,
three different climates.