1.

Comprehensive Disaster Management:

Definition:
A systematic approach to disaster management that involves coordinated
efforts at national, regional, and local levels, focusing on all phases of the
disaster management cycle.

2. Community-Based Disaster Management

Definition:
An approach to disaster management that empowers local communities to
actively participate in the planning, preparedness, response, and recovery
activities for disasters.

Features:

Comprehensive Disaster Community-Based Disaster

Management Management
Centralized approach: Led by Decentralized approach: Involves
government agencies or national active participation and
disaster management leadership from local
organizations. communities, including residents,
community organizations, and
grassroots initiatives.

Wide scope: Covers all aspects of Focus on community

disaster management, including engagement: Encourages
prevention, preparedness, community members to take
response, and recovery. ownership of their own safety
and well-being during disasters.
Top-down decision-making:
Policies and strategies are
developed and implemented by
government authorities.
Emphasis on professional
expertise: Relies on specialized
knowledge and skills of disaster
management professionals.
Resource-intensive: Requires
significant financial and logistical
resources for planning,
coordination, and
implementation.
National or regional in scale:
Targets broader geographic
areas, such as countries or
regions.
Standardized procedures: Follows
established protocols and
guidelines for disaster
management, ensuring
consistency and uniformity in
approach.
Multi-sectoral coordination:
Involves coordination between
various government agencies,
sectors, and stakeholders,
including health, infrastructure,
public safety, and social services.
Bottom-up decision-making:
Community members actively
participate in decision-making
processes, considering local
context, needs, and capacities.
Local knowledge and resources:
Relies on the expertise,
knowledge, and resources
available within the community.
Capacity building: Aims to
enhance the skills, knowledge,
and resilience of community
members through training and
education.
Local in scale: Primarily targets
specific neighborhoods, villages,
or towns.
Localized knowledge and context:
Leverages the specific knowledge
and understanding of the local
community regarding hazards,
vulnerabilities, and capacities.
Community networks and social
capital: Builds on existing social
networks and relationships within
the community, facilitating
effective communication,
collaboration, and mutual support
during disasters.
National policies and legislation:
Relies on national-level policies
and legal frameworks to guide
disaster management efforts.
Technical expertise and
resources: Utilizes technical
expertise and specialized
resources such as advanced
technology, equipment, and
scientific knowledge for risk
assessment, forecasting, and
response planning.
Large-scale infrastructure
projects: Implements large-scale
projects for disaster mitigation,
such as building dams, levees, or
early warning systems, which
require significant financial
investment.
Risk modeling and simulation:
Utilizes advanced modeling and
simulation tools to assess and
predict the potential impacts of
various hazards.
Cultural sensitivity and inclusivity:
Recognizes and respects the
cultural diversity within the
community, ensuring that disaster
management strategies are
tailored to specific cultural, social,
and linguistic needs.
Participatory approach: Engages
community members in all stages
of disaster management, from
risk assessment and planning to
response and recovery, fostering
a sense of ownership and
empowerment.
Community resilience-building:
Focuses on strengthening the
resilience of the community
through education, training,
awareness campaigns, and local
initiatives that promote
sustainable development and
adaptive capacity.
Participatory risk mapping:
Engages community members in
mapping and identifying local
hazards, vulnerabilities, and
resources for effective risk
reduction.
Government-led funding and
financial support: Mobilizes
government funding and financial
resources to support disaster
management initiatives at a
larger scale.
Community emergency response
teams: Establishes localized
emergency response teams
within the community, trained to
provide immediate assistance
during disasters.

National emergency response Community-based early recovery

teams: Establishes specialized
emergency response teams at
the national level to provide
support during large-scale
disasters.
initiatives: Implements locally-
driven initiatives to facilitate early
recovery and rebuilding efforts in
the aftermath of a disaster.

Interdisciplinary collaboration: Community-led psychosocial

Involves collaboration between support: Provides psychosocial
different disciplines, such as support services and
engineering, meteorology, and interventions within the
public health, to address complexcommunity, utilizing local
disaster challenges. resources and cultural practices.
activities through community-led
initiatives and support.
Public information campaigns: Community-based adaptation
Conducts national-level public strategies: Develops adaptive
awareness campaigns to educate strategies specific to the
the public about disaster risks, community's needs and
preparedness, and response. circumstances to address climate
change impacts and related
disasters.

Coordination with international Grassroots advocacy and policy

organizations: Collaborates with influence: Engages in advocacy
international organizations, such efforts to influence policies and
as the United Nations or World
Health Organization, for
coordinated disaster response
efforts.
Strategic stockpiling and logistics
management: Maintains strategic
stockpiles of emergency supplies
and manages their distribution
during disasters.
Centralized data collection and
analysis: Collects and analyzes
data on disaster-related
incidents, losses, and impacts to
inform future planning and
decision-making.
National-level legislation and
policy enforcement: Enforces
national-level legislation and
policies related to disaster
management through regulatory
mechanisms.
International disaster assistance
coordination: Coordinates and
manages international disaster
assistance and support during
large-scale disasters.
decisions that affect the
community's resilience and
disaster risk reduction.
Community-led evacuation and
shelter management: Plans and
manages local evacuation and
emergency shelter operations
during disasters.
Bottom-up resource mobilization:
Engages in community-led
fundraising, resource pooling, and
local partnerships to enhance
preparedness and response
capabilities.
Traditional ecological knowledge
integration: Integrates traditional
ecological knowledge systems
and practices into disaster
management planning and
decision-making.
Localized recovery and livelihood
restoration: Focuses on restoring
local livelihoods and economic
 3. Regulatory Framework
Definition:
A set of laws, regulations, policies, and standards established by the
government or regulatory bodies to govern and guide the practice of a
particular profession or industry.

4. Social Work Practice

Definition:
The professional application of social work knowledge, values, and skills to
enhance the well-being and social functioning of individuals, families, groups,
and communities.

Feautures

Social Work Practice Regulatory Framework

Focuses on providing direct Focuses on establishing and

services and support to enforcing rules, regulations, and
individuals, families, and standards to govern and regulate
communities to address social specific industries, professions,
issues and promote well-being. or activities.
Emphasizes client-centered and
strengths-based approaches,
working collaboratively with
clients to achieve their goals and
enhance their quality of life.
Involves assessment, intervention,
counseling, and advocacy to
address individual and social
challenges, such as mental health,
poverty, discrimination, and
access to services.
Places a strong emphasis on
building relationships, promoting
social justice, and empowering
individuals and communities to
address systemic barriers and
achieve social change.
Requires specialized education,
training, and professional
credentials (such as a degree in
social work and licensure) to
practice and provide evidence-
based interventions.
Emphasizes compliance with
established laws, policies, and
guidelines to ensure
accountability and consistency
within the regulated system.
Involves creating and
implementing rules, procedures,
and guidelines to govern
practices, protect public safety,
ensure ethical conduct, and
maintain professional standards.
Places a strong emphasis on
monitoring, licensing, and
regulating professionals or
entities to ensure adherence to
established standards, ethics,
and legal requirements
Establishes educational
requirements, certifications, and
licensing criteria for professionals
within specific fields or industries
to ensure competency and
protect the public.
Works within the framework of
ethical principles, such as
confidentiality, informed consent,
and cultural competence, to guide
professional practice.
Provides direct services and
support to individuals, families,
and communities to address
social issues.
Focuses on client-centered
approaches and promoting well-
being.
Addresses individual and social
challenges through assessment,
intervention, counseling, and
advocacy.
Promotes social justice,
empowerment, and social
change.
Requires specialized education,
training, and credentials for
practice.
Guided by ethical principles such
as confidentiality and informed
consent.
Emphasizes holistic and person-
centered approaches to address
individuals' social, emotional, and
mental well-being.
Promotes social inclusion and
advocates for marginalized
Works within the framework of
laws, regulations, and policies
specific to the industry or
profession, addressing issues
related to safety, quality control,
liability, and accountability.
Establishes and enforces rules
and standards to govern specific
industries or professions.
Emphasizes compliance with laws
and guidelines to ensure
accountability.
Creates rules, procedures, and
guidelines to regulate practices
and protect public safety.
Monitors, licenses, and regulates
professionals to ensure
standards and ethics are met.
Establishes educational
requirements and certifications
for professionals.
Operates within legal frameworks
and industry-specific regulations.
Focuses on establishing rules and
regulations to ensure safety,
quality, and compliance within
specific industries or professions.
Enforces licensing and
certification requirements to
populations to address systemic
injustices and promote equality.
Engages in ongoing assessment,
evaluation, and modification of
intervention strategies based on
individual and community needs.
Utilizes a strengths-based
perspective, focusing on
individuals' capabilities,
resources, and resilience to
address challenges.
Collaborates with
multidisciplinary teams and
community stakeholders to
provide comprehensive and
integrated support.
Offers advocacy and support to
empower individuals and
communities in navigating
systems and accessing resources.
Considers cultural competence
and diversity in providing
culturally sensitive services and
interventions.
Engages in ongoing professional
development, continuing
education, and supervision to
enhance skills and knowledge.
ensure professionals meet
competency standards and
protect the public.
Establishes guidelines and
standards to maintain consistency
and uniformity in practices and
services within a regulated field.
Implements disciplinary actions
and sanctions to address
violations and breaches of
regulations and professional
conduct.
Monitors and evaluates
compliance with regulatory
requirements through
inspections, audits, and
assessments.
Sets standards and guidelines for
reporting, record-keeping, and
documentation to ensure
transparency and accountability.
Establishes protocols and
procedures for handling
complaints, investigations, and
resolution processes related to
professional misconduct.
Implements quality assurance
measures, including peer review,
to assess adherence to
regulatory standards and best
practices.
 Adapts interventions and
approaches based on the evolving
needs and dynamics of individuals
and communities.
Supports self-determination and
encourages active participation
and collaboration in decision-
making processes.
Develops regulatory frameworks
and policies based on research,
data analysis, and evidence-based
practices to improve outcomes.
Collaborates with professional
associations and organizations to
establish codes of conduct and
ethical guidelines for
practitioners.

5. Pre-disaster preparedness
Pre-disaster preparedness refers to the actions and measures taken before a
disaster occurs to enhance community readiness and response capabilities. It
involves various strategies aimed at increasing public awareness, building
community capacity, and strengthening preparedness efforts.
Here's a brief explanation of the points you mentioned:
1. Public awareness campaigns: These are initiatives to educate and inform the
general public about the risks and potential impacts of disasters. Public
awareness campaigns raise awareness about preparedness measures,
evacuation procedures, and the importance of early warning systems. They
aim to empower individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions
during emergencies.

2. Community capacity building: Capacity building activities focus on enhancing

the skills, knowledge, and resilience of the community members. These
efforts involve training programs, workshops, and drills that provide
individuals with the necessary skills to respond effectively to disasters.
 Community capacity building strengthens local capabilities to assess risks,
develop emergency plans, and collaborate in disaster response and recovery.

3. Enhancement of community preparedness for disasters: This involves

implementing measures to improve overall preparedness levels within the
community. It includes developing and practicing emergency response plans,
conducting hazard assessments, and establishing communication channels
for effective coordination during emergencies. By enhancing community
preparedness, the community becomes better equipped to mitigate the
impacts of disasters.

4. Educating people about mitigating the consequences of disasters: This

focuses on educating individuals on measures they can take to reduce the
negative impacts of disasters. This may include teaching individuals about
securing their homes, creating emergency kits, knowing evacuation routes,
and understanding basic first aid. By educating people about these mitigation
strategies, they can minimize the potential damage and harm caused by
disasters.

5. Strengthening the capacities of existing civil society institutions: This

involves empowering and supporting existing civil society institutions, such
as local non-profit organizations or community-based groups, to play an
active role in disaster preparedness. These institutions can provide valuable
resources, expertise, and support in disaster response and recovery efforts.

6. Resource mobilization using social and human capital: This refers to

leveraging the resources and capabilities present within the community, such
 as social networks, volunteerism, and local knowledge. By harnessing these
resources, communities can mobilize and allocate assets, skills, and support
to effectively respond to disasters.

7. Communication, particularly utilizing interpersonal communication for

disseminating warning signals: Effective communication is crucial in pre-
disaster preparedness. It involves establishing clear channels of
communication within the community, disseminating early warning signals,
and ensuring the information reaches all community members. Interpersonal
communication plays a vital role in sharing critical information and
instructions, especially in areas with limited access to technology or where
language or literacy barriers exist.

8. Recruitment of local volunteers: Engaging local volunteers strengthens

community resilience and response capabilities. Volunteers can assist in
various activities, such as search and rescue, first aid, providing support to
vulnerable populations, and helping with evacuation procedures. Recruiting
and training local volunteers enhances the community's capacity to respond
promptly and effectively during disasters.
 6. Social work role in disaster relief
Social work plays a crucial role in disaster relief efforts. Here are key points
explaining the role of social work in disaster relief:
1. Assessing and addressing immediate needs: Social workers assess the
immediate needs of individuals and communities affected by disasters.
They provide essential services such as food, shelter, and medical
assistance to ensure basic needs are met.

2. Emotional support and counseling: Social workers offer emotional

support and counseling to survivors and their families. They provide a
safe space for individuals to process their experiences, cope with trauma,
and rebuild their emotional well-being.

3. Case management and coordination: Social workers help coordinate and

manage services for disaster survivors. They connect individuals with
appropriate resources, such as healthcare, housing, and financial
assistance, while ensuring their unique needs are addressed.

4. Advocacy and empowerment: Social workers advocate for the rights and
well-being of disaster survivors. They work to ensure vulnerable
populations receive equal access to services, support, and resources.
Social workers empower individuals to participate in decision-making
processes that affect their recovery and advocate for their needs.

5. Community mobilization and resilience-building: Social workers mobilize

and engage the community in disaster recovery efforts. They facilitate
 community meetings, support grassroots initiatives, and foster
community resilience by encouraging collaboration and mutual support
among residents.

6. Support for vulnerable populations: Social workers prioritize the needs

of vulnerable populations, including children, older adults, people with
disabilities, and marginalized groups. They ensure these populations
receive appropriate support and protection during and after disasters.

7. Long-term recovery and rehabilitation: Social workers assist in long-term

recovery and rehabilitation efforts. They help individuals navigate the
complex process of rebuilding their lives, accessing resources, and
restoring community infrastructure.

8. Collaborating with other professionals: Social workers collaborate with

various professionals, such as healthcare providers, emergency
responders, and government agencies, to ensure a comprehensive and
coordinated response. They contribute their unique expertise in
understanding the social and psychological impacts of disasters.

9. Disaster preparedness and prevention: Social workers play a role in

disaster preparedness by educating communities, developing emergency
plans, and advocating for policies that promote resilience and prevention
measures.

10. Research and evaluation: Social workers contribute to research and

evaluation efforts to improve disaster response strategies. They assess
 the effectiveness of interventions, identify gaps in services, and inform
evidence-based practices for future disaster relief efforts.

In summary, social workers provide crucial support and assistance to

individuals, families, and communities affected by disasters. They address
immediate needs, offer emotional support, coordinate services, advocate
for vulnerable populations, promote community resilience, and contribute
to long-term recovery and preparedness efforts.

7. Social work role in disaster recovery

Social work plays a vital role in disaster recovery. Here are key points
explaining the role of social work in disaster recovery :
1. Assessing needs: Social workers assess the physical, emotional, and social
needs of individuals and communities affected by disasters.

2. Case management: Social workers provide individualized support and

connect survivors with necessary resources and services for their
recovery.
3. Emotional support and counseling: Social workers offer emotional
support and counseling to help survivors cope with trauma, loss, and grief
during the recovery process.

4. Rebuilding social networks: Social workers help individuals rebuild their

social networks and community connections, fostering a sense of
belonging and support.

5. Advocacy and empowerment: Social workers advocate for the rights and
needs of disaster survivors, ensuring they have access to essential
services, resources, and support.

6. Supporting vulnerable populations: Social workers prioritize the needs of

vulnerable populations, such as children, older adults, and marginalized
groups, ensuring their unique challenges are addressed during recovery.

7. Reestablishing community services: Social workers collaborate with

community organizations and service providers to restore vital services,
such as healthcare, education, and social support systems.

8. Strengthening community resilience: Social workers facilitate community

engagement and participation, empowering communities to actively
contribute to their own recovery and develop long-term resilience.
9. Addressing social inequalities: Social workers advocate for equitable
distribution of resources and opportunities, addressing social inequalities
that may be exacerbated by the disaster.

10. Long-term planning and preparedness: Social workers contribute to

long-term recovery planning and preparedness efforts, promoting
sustainable strategies that enhance community resilience and disaster
response capabilities.

In summary, social workers play a critical role in disaster recovery by

assessing needs, providing support and counseling, advocating for survivors,
rebuilding social networks, and fostering community resilience. They work
towards restoring services, addressing social inequalities, and empowering
individuals and communities to rebuild and thrive after a disaster.