”Tugas Bahasa ingrris Teknik”

Disusun Oleh :
Nama : Erwinsius Simamora – 5233131030

Kelas B

Pendidikan Teknik Elektro

Universitas Negeri Medan 2023
Exercises

1. What is a Transformer?
2. Give Description of working Principle of a transformer?
3. Why are in all types transformes, the core is constructed of transformer sheet steel
laminations?
4. What is the form factor?
5. What is voltage transformation ratio?
6. Write a formula to count the average rate of change of flux?

Answer :

1. Transformer is a static (or stationary) Piece of apparatus by means of which electric

power in one circuit is transformed into electric power of the name frequency in another
circuit.
2. The two coils possess high mutual inductance. If one coil is connected to a source of
alternating voltage, an alternating flux is set up in the laminated core, most of which is
linked with the other coil in which it produces mutually-induced em.f (according to
Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction e Mall dr). If the second coil circuit is
closed, a current flows in it and so electric energy is transferred (entirely magnetically)
from the first coil to the second coil The first coil, in which electric energy is fed from the
ac, supply mains, is called primary winding and the other from which energy is drawn
out, is called secondary winding. In brief, a transformer is a device that

(i)Transfers electric power from one circuit to another

(ii) t does so without a change of frequency
(iii) It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction and
(iv) Where the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other

3. In all types of transformers, the core is constructed of transformer sheet steel laminations
assembled to provide a continuous magnetic path with a minimum of air-gap included.
The steel used is of high silicon content, sometimes heat treated to produce a high
permeability and a low hysteresis loss at the usual operating flux densities. The eddy
current loss is minimized by laminating the core, the laminations being insulted from
each other by a light coat of core-plate varnish or by an oxide layer on the surface. The
thickness of laminations varies from 0.35 mm for a frequency of50 Hz to 0.5 mm for a
frequency of 25 Hz. The core laminations Fig. 27-2.(in the form of strips) are joined as
shown in Fig. 27-2. It is seen that the joints in the altermate layers are staggered in order
to avoid the presence of the core. Such staggered joints are said to be imbricated

4. Constructionally, the transformers are of two general types, distinguished from each other
merely by the manner in which the primary and secondary coils are placed around the
 laminated steel core. The two types are known as (i) core-type and () shell type. Another
recent development spiral-core or would core type the trade name being spirakore
transformer.
In the so-called core-type transformers, the windings surround a considerable part of the
core whereas in shell-type transformers, the core surrounds a considerable part of the
winding as shown schematically.
5. The voltage transformation ratio of a transformer is the ratio of the output voltage to the
input voltage of the transformer. It is given by the equation: \mathrm{Transformation\
Ratio}=\frac{\mathrm{Output\Voltage}}{\mathrm{Input\Voltage}} For an ideal
transformer, the voltage transformation ratio is equal to the turns ratio, which is the ratio
of the number of turns in the secondary winding to the number of turns in the primary
winding.
The turns ratio is denoted by the symbol "a" and is given by the equation: a=\
frac{N_2}{N_1}=\frac{E_2}{E_1}=\frac{V_2}{V_1} where N1 and N2 are the number
of turns in the primary and secondary windings, respectively, and E1 and E2 are the
voltages across the primary and secondary windings, respectively. V1 and V2 are the
input and output voltages of the transformer, respectively. In practice, there may be a
small difference between the input and output voltages due to winding resistances, but
this difference is usually negligible for analysis purposes.

6. The formula to calculate the average rate of change of a function f(x) over an interval [a,
b] is given by:

 A(x) is the average rate of change

 f(a) is the value of the function f(x) at a
 f(b) is the value of the function f(x) at b
 a and b are the endpoints of the interval
 This formula describes the average rate at which one quantity is changing with
respect to another. It gives an idea of how much the function changed per unit in the
given interval. The average rate of change can be calculated using the ratio of "change in
the function values" to the "change in the endpoints of the interval".