REGULAR 10

Textos en inglés II

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

PASSAGE 1 A) Jennifer and Ciaran are an American

"We can sort you out. No problem. We can help
you," the doctor told Jennifer Hannington. Then
he turned to her husband, Ciaran, and said: "But
there's not much we can do for you." The cou-
ple, who live in Yorkshire, England, had been tr-
ying for a baby for two years.They knew it could
be difficult for them to conceive as Jennifer has
polycystic ovarian syndrome, a condition that
can affect fertility. What they had not expected
was that there were problems on Ciaran's side,
too. Tests revealed issues including a low sperm
count and low motility (movement) of sperm.
Worse, these issues were thought to be harder
to treat tan Jennifer's – perhaps even impossi-
ble. Male infertility contributes to approximately
half of all cases of infertility and affects 7% of
the male population. However, it is much less
discussed than female infertility, partly due to
2. As is used in the second paragraph, ISSUE
the social and cultural taboos surrounding it. For
the majority of men with fertility problems, the
cause remains unexplained – and stigma means
many are suffering in silence. Research suggests
the problem may be growing. Factors including
pollution have been shown to affect men's
3. It can be inferred from the passage that
fertility, and specifically, sperm quality – with
potentially huge consequences for individuals,
and entire societies.
Latham, K. (27 March 2023). How pollu-
tion is causing a male fertility crisis. BBC
News.https://www.bbc.com/future/arti-
cle/20230327-how-pollution-is-causing-a-ma-
le-fertility-crisis
4. It is incompatible with the passage to
1. Which of the following statements best
expresses the main idea of the passage?
couple who are having trouble concei-
ving a baby because they both have
fertility problems.
B) Male infertility will continue to increase
dangerously in the near future, because
pollution will also increase.
C) Environmental pollution has been found
to be primarily responsible for infertility
in American couples.
D) Research has confirmed that pollution
has a deep and worrying relationship
with male infertility.
E) Male infertility is a serious problem that
is little talked about, that continues
to increase, and whose cause is still
unknown.
is closest in meaning to
A) problem. B) question.
C) subject. D) obstacle.
E) dilemma.
male infertility
A) has multiple causative agents.
B) is a practically irremediable problem.
C) can be resolved with further research.
D) originated in the last century.
E) produces serious psychiatric problems.
affirm that male infertility is an issue that
is constantly addressed in society, because

APTITUD VERBAL SAN MARCOS SEMESTRAL 2023 - III 1


A) its origin is uncertain.
REGULAR 10
B) its cause is known.
C) it is related to pollution. D) it is a taboo
topic.
E) it affects 7% of men.
5. If pollution were to increase in the next fifty
years, then
A) humanity could face imminent extinc-
tion.
B) male infertility could also increase
markedly.
C) scientists will have to intervene directly
in the problem.
D) states would have to regulate pollution.
E) new ways of procreating would have to
be found.
PASSAGE 2
Cities around the world are emerging as leaders
in the fight against climate change, adopting
low-carbon transport, high-efficiency buildings,
renewable energy and other strategies to re-
duce emissions while constructing more vibrant
urban communities. At the same time, urban
areas are growing surprisingly fast: 1.4 million
new urban habitants each week, and with co-
rresponding demands for energy, things, and
services. Therefore, how our cities are built is
a critical factor in the intensity of urban energy
use. Infrastructure determines, to a great ex-
tent, whether a city has high or low greenhouse
gas emissions.
There could be two scenarios of urban develo-
pment over the next 15 years. In a reference
scenario, new, energy-inefficient urban deve-
lopment may substantially ensure future CO2
emissions, because roughly 30% of future CO2
emissions “committed” annually occur due to
new, urban building and transport systems.
However, in an aggressive “urban action” sce-
nario, urban policy-makers can instead expand
the most energy-efficient technologies and
2 SAN MARCOS SEMESTRAL 2023 - III
textos en inglés II
urban design, and avoid committing about 45
gigatons (45 billion tons) CO2 of cumulative
future emissions.
Erickson, P. & K. Tempest (2015). Keeping
cities green: Avoiding carbon lock-in due to
urban development [Summary]. Stockholm
Environment Institute. Retrieved from https://
www.sei.org/publications/keeping-cities-
green-avoiding-carbon-lock-in-due-to-ur-
ban-development/ (Edited text).
6. The topic of the passage is about
A) an understanding of the rise of the last
modern cities.
B) the impact of a city infrastructure on
CO2 emissions.
C) a great amount of CO2 that is contami-
nating the Earth.
D) the analysis of two cities that have a
polluting history.
E) an investigation that measures toxic
waste in the air.
7. The word ENSURE refers to the fact that
a at least a minimum amount of CO2 will
be_______ into the environment.
A) emitted B) clarified
C) breathed D) deleted
E) exonerated
8. It is inferred from the passage about the
strategies to reduce carbon emissions in
terms of infrastructure, transport or energy
that
A) luckily, they are taking place at the
same pace over the world.
B) they have the challenge of dealing with
a growing population.
C) together, these three reduce carbon
dioxide releases by 30%.
D) they exclusively depend on the position
of the urban at issue.
E) these plans are ignored in cities with a
decent urban design.
APTITUD VERBAL
textos en inglés II

9. It is incompatible with the passage to affirm TRADUCCIÓN

REGULAR 10
that energy-inefficient cities Aunque los términos equidad e igualdad pueden
A) would be more contaminant. sonar parecidos, la aplicación de uno frente al
B) have polluting transportation. otro puede conducir a resultados radicalmen-
C) could be harmful for humans.
te distintos para las personas marginadas.
D) generate 45 gigatons of CO2.
Igualdad significa que cada individuo o grupo
E) produce more carbon dioxide.
de personas recibe los mismos recursos u
oportunidades. La equidad reconoce que cada
10. If an emerging Peruvian city had the same
transport and ways of obtaining energy tan persona tiene circunstancias diferentes y asigna
the average, but a vigorous “urban action” los recursos y oportunidades exactos necesarios
scenario, para lograr un resultado igualitario. «El camino
A) that city would be less pollutant than hacia la equidad no consiste en tratar a todos
other Peruvian cities. por igual. Se conseguirá tratando a todos de
B) authorities would dispense with other forma justa según sus circunstancias», afirma
favorable measures. Paula Dressel, profesora del Race Matters
C) then, the city would stop producing 30
Institute. Las palabras igualdad y equidad se
gigatons of dioxide.
confunden a menudo porque parecen significar
D) it would be necessary to train people
lo mismo. Ambas tienen que ver con cómo se
to eliminate rubbish.
trata a las personas, y ambas se utilizan en los
E) the city would be turned into the new
capital of that country. campos del derecho, el gobierno, la economía,
etc. A menudo, estos términos se utilizan para
PASSAGE 3 describir acciones, leyes o normas que intentan
Although the terms equity and equality may poner fin u oponerse a la injusticia o al trato
sound similar, the application of one versus the injusto de las personas.
other can lead to radically different outcomes
for marginalized people. Equality means that
each individual or group of people receives
the same resources or opportunities. Equity
recognizes that each person has different cir-
cumstances and allocates the exact resources
and opportunities needed to achieve an equal
outcome. "The path to equity does not lie in
treating everyone the same. It will be achieved
by treating everyone fairly according to their cir-
cumstances," says Paula Dressel, a professor at
Race Matters Institute. The words equality and
equity are often confused because they appear
to mean the same thing. Both have to do with
how people are treated, and both are used in
the fields of law, government, economics, and
so on. Often, these terms are used to describe
actions, laws or rules that attempt to end or
oppose injustice or unfair treatment of people.

APTITUD VERBAL SAN MARCOS SEMESTRAL 2023 - III 3


11. The text is mainly about
REGULAR 10
A) the implication of social justice in equity.
B) the legal application of equity and
equality.
C) the pragmatic use of equality in society.
D) the social impact of equity and equality.
E) the difference between equity and
equality.
12. The word SOUND connotes
A) representation.
B) perception.
C) thought.
D) apprehension.
E) observation.
13. It is possible to infer that the first image
represents ___________; while the second
image represents ____________.
A) justice – equality
B) equity – impartiality
C) equality – equity
D) fairness – equity
E) equity – equality
14. It is incompatible to affirm that equity and
equality
A) are ideals that oppose marginalization.
B) are concepts that are easily confused.
C) are related to the way people are trea-
ted.
D) should be applied differently in society.
E) should be used as synonymous con-
cepts.
15. If the government grants $100 to a rich man
and the same amount to a poor woman,
A) it would reveal its poor understanding
of the needs of the citizens.
B) equity advocates would indicate that
only the rich should be taxed.
C) it would be a political strategy to reduce
the gender gap in their territory.
4 SAN MARCOS SEMESTRAL 2023 - III
textos en inglés II
D) it could be said that it tries to achieve
social equity through subsidies.
E) it would be a clear example of what
equality represents but not equity.
PASSAGE 4
For five years, ecologist Ross Crates has trac-
ked the singing ability and breeding success
of critically endangered regent honeyeaters.
These distinctive black and yellow birds were
once common across Australia, but habitat loss
since the 1950s has reduced their population to
only about 300 or 400 wild birds today. While
male birds once formed large winter flocks,
now they are sparsely distributed across the
landscape, so many fly alone. That means fewer
honeyeater instructor are nearby during young
birds’ impressionable first year. ―Song learning
in many birds is a process similar to humans
learning languages — they learn by listening to
other individuals," said Crates, who is based at
Australian National University. "If you can’t listen
to other individuals, you don’t know what you
should be learning." The researchers found that
a significant portion of male birds appear to be
learning melodies exclusively from other species
they encounter. About 12% of male regent
honeyeaters wind up producing mangled ver-
sions of songs typically sung by noisy friarbirds
and black-faced cuckoo shrikes, among other
species. But the female regent honeyeaters are
not impressed.
Scientists found that males who sing unconven-
tionally are less successful at courting
mates and that females avoid breeding and
nesting with males who sing unusual songs.
Retrieved from https://www.firstpost.com/
tech/science/endangered-birds-losing-their
songs-make-it-tough-to-find-mates-train-
their-young-experts-say-9428001.html/amp
APTITUD VERBAL
textos en inglés II
TRADUCCIÓN
Durante cinco años, el ecologista Ross Crates
ha hecho un seguimiento de la capacidad de
canto y el éxito reproductivo de los mieleros
regentes, que están en peligro de extinción.
Estos característicos pájaros negros y amarillos
fueron antaño comunes en toda Australia, pero
la pérdida de hábitat desde la década de 1950
ha reducido su población a solo unos 300 o
400 ejemplares silvestres en la actualidad.
Mientras que los machos formaban grandes
bandadas de invierno, ahora están escasa-
mente distribuidos por el paisaje, por lo que
muchos vuelan en solitario. Eso significa que
hay menos instructores de meleros cerca du-
rante el impresionable primer año de las aves
jóvenes. "El aprendizaje del canto en muchas
aves es un proceso similar al de los humanos
que aprenden idiomas: aprenden escuchando
a otros individuos", explica Crates, que trabaja
en la Universidad Nacional de Australia. "Si no
pueden escuchar a otros individuos, no saben
lo que deben aprender". Los investigadores
descubrieron que una parte importante de los
pájaros macho parece aprender melodías ex-
clusivamente de otras especies con las que se
encuentran. Alrededor del 12% de los machos
de los mieleros regentes acaban produciendo
versiones destrozadas de canciones típicamente
cantadas por los frailecillos ruidosos y los cucli-
llos de cara negra, entre otras especies. Pero
las hembras del mielero regente no se dejan
impresionar. Los científicos descubrieron que los
machos que cantan de forma poco convencional
tienen menos éxito a la hora de cortejar a sus
parejas y que las hembras evitan reproducirse
y anidar con machos que cantan canciones
poco habituales.
16. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) In recent years, a significant group of
Australia’s birds have become endan-
gered.
APTITUD VERBAL SAN MARCOS SEMESTRAL 2023 - III
B) The learning of song in many birds in
REGULAR 10
Australia is like that of languages in
humans.
C) Endangered birds losing their songs
make it tough to find mates, train their
young.
D) According to recent Australian research,
singing is a form of courtship in birds.
E) The success of a species of birds due to
unusual singing in front of the females
of their species.
17. The word TRACK implies
A) inquiry.
B) question.
C) request.
D) way.
E) intention
18. Which of the following sentences is not
compatible with the passage with respect
to the regent honeyeaters?
A) They are currently considered endan-
gered birds in all Australia.
B) Their poor success in courtship is due
to their weakness in imitation.
C) In the last decades, the number of its
population has decreased.
D) All the songs that they emit are not
always exclusive to their species.
E) The strange song gives advantages to
the male of this type of bird.
19. It is inferred from the passage that the song
A) it is a key element for bird reproduction.
B) it is an innate characteristic of all birds.
C) follows the same tune in all bird species.
D) it is an exclusive attribute of honey-
birds.
E) it is a mark of great success for the
male.
5
 textos en inglés II

5. If the regent honeyeater had not lost their C) they would not be an endangered
REGULAR 10

habitat, probably species today.

A) they would be considered Austria's D) their song would be imitated by all bird
iconic birds. in the world.
B) their population would have tripled that E) their excess reproduction would have
of 1950. affected other species.

6 SAN MARCOS SEMESTRAL 2023 - III APTITUD VERBAL