I.

Introduction of the Research

One of the most powerful things that an individual can have is education. Since it is free,

everyone can have it. Disseminating education throughout the world is impossible. Without the

teachers, they are the ones who empower students.

The education system provides a curriculum that serves as a guide to give knowledge to

the students. Both teachers and students have different roles in the classroom for effective

interaction. Teachers should teach their students well, become role models, and nurture

students, as well as students they should listen well to their teachers, be active in class and

learn about the subject. The most important virtue of being a student and a teacher is to be on

time during class hours. It is one of their main responsibilities in school.

One of the wonderful traits that a person could have is punctuality, one to be admired

and respected. Punctuality displays a person's respect for people. Being punctual strengthens

and reveals your integrity, respect for others and shows you are dependable. Punctuality is

more important in the workplace because it affects the performances of the teachers that could

also affect the students.

When a teacher is always late, the students would mimic what they perceive to their

teacher. They also attempt to be late because no one can monitor on what time they arrive at

their class. In a scheduled appointment, the latecomer usually gives the impression that he or

she doesn't value the other person's time or considers his or her time more important than the

other. When employees are absent or tardy, work and service are interrupted and an additional

burden is placed on colleagues. This could also be the same in teachers.

When a teacher is always late or absent, this could affect the student's academic

learning and students will be behind in school. Teachers that are always late in class open the

door to many problems at school. They reduce the length of class periods by their lateness.

They also leave students unsupervised for long periods of time. If this gets worse, the mistakes

1
of being late would turn into daily habits that could influence the students to be late and lose the

importance of being punctual. However, teachers must be the one to discipline those tardy

students but then they also the one who are not on time for their classes. The researchers

conduct this study to seek the effects of the teachers’ tardiness towards the students’ major

examination scores in first semester and how the tardiness affects to everyone.

2
II. Literature Review

This chapter describes the review related regarding with tardiness of the teachers which

affects learners. The researchers find out some of the reviews of literature on both local and

foreign that could strengthen and give relevant information of the study. The researchers

presented some of the observation and findings of the experts to be thoroughly familiar with

both previous and present research.

To have a better understanding in this study, a number of online journals and website

were referred and collected, which has a connection on the present study.

In this study, the researchers will give a definition of tardiness and present facts about

the study. Next, the researchers will discuss the factors that causes teachers come to school

late. Lastly, the effects of tardiness in teachers not just to students but also his or her work and

professionalism will be discussed.

Local Studies

Being tardy has become the stereotype of Filipinos. A negative trait which is the 'Filipino

Time' should be changed and this issue is suitable for the teachers. The Department of

Education (DepEd), recently reminds the teachers about punctuality and honesty. Teachers are

supposed to be the role model to people like students, parents and the community.

According to Umali (2017), said that a good and effective teacher does not merely

focusing on great teaching techniques or has good records of grades but also having a good

values and ethics. It means that teachers should teach students about the virtue of punctuality

by getting his or her classes on time. Being punctual should not be effective to teachers but to

every Filipino, but the teachers bear the extra burden in teaching the value of time to young

minds. As they matured, they would know how important punctuality is.
3
 According to Garcia (2017), noted that arriving five to ten minutes early for an

appointment is on time and coming on time is late. This could means that being early can give a

person an advantage because this follows his or her honesty. When a person arrives early, he

or she don't have to think reasons like traffic that could justify a person for being late even

though that person woke up and left home late.

Another citation by Pareja (2011), noted that not only the students but also the

government that is most disadvantaged in this issue because these teachers are paid almost

20,000 pesos in a month, yet only give poor performance in return. This means that they have

taken advantage for doing this, because some schools doesn't use biometrics which is wrong

because it stated in the memorandum that all teaching and non-teaching personnel are required

to utilize the biometrics and attendance logbook for daily log in and log out. Other school

tolerated tardy teachers as they have known their educational background that can give a big

contribution to the school even though those teachers are tardy

Foreign Literature

Tardiness is common problem whether it is practiced by students or teachers. According to

Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), it is a situation where a person arrives after the scheduled or

usual time, and they defined this as 'lateness'. A study by Breeze et al. (2010), contributed also

by saying that 'lateness is the same with tardiness', which indicates for being slow to act or

respond, that will not meet on time. Nowadays, tardiness is a normal thing to do with everyone.

It may happen intentionally but sometimes, they are forced to do it. Some reasons that cause

tardiness among the teachers can tell whether it is intentional or not.

A study by Tinab (2014), noted that both absenteeism and lateness are symptomatic of

education systems that will weak the teacher management structures, and it unable to provide a

4
motivation to teachers to improve their attitudes towards work. This problem of supervision

complicates the issues because it affects teacher's commitment to work and observable

attendance patterns. Another study by Gershenson (2016), that there is a permanent

component to teachers' effects on students. This could either because learning to different

student behaviors such as attendance or because teachers only focused on improving their

academic instructional skills rather than being punctual. There are still many factors why the

teachers are prone to tardiness but these are the major factors that cause them for being tardy.

According to Bennion (2018), the less time students spend in the classroom means the

less they can contribute. Often the activities cannot accomplish and class discussions will be on

hold and making less learning from a tardy teacher. As cited by Bourassa (2017), teachers are

not late or absent nearly as much as students, it affects the class more than just one student is

late or absent. It means that if a teacher is tardy, the class cannot accomplish anything unlike

the student if they are late, the classes will continues normally. Another study by Zeiger (2018),

Tardiness takes away students' attention is from a teacher's lesson that leads to several

problems. There are many consequences to those teachers that are tardy. They could ruin the

school's reputation, affects to the student's academic performance, and encourages the

students also being late and undisciplined. It also affects the educational system and could

increase the higher number of dropout rates.

To summarize, many past studies have shown that a teacher's tardiness to the class

affects the subject much more than a student. This study intends to determine the tardiness of

Apas Integrated Senior High School teachers and the effects that may influence this tardiness.

5
III. Research Questions

Tardiness is prone to everyone at work, most especially in public schools. Students and

teachers are also prone to lateness. The researchers conducted this study to determine the

effects of the teacher's tardiness on their student’s major examination scores in the first

semester.

Specifically, this study answers the following questions:

1. Does the teachers’ tardiness affect the students’ major examination scores?

2. How the teacher’s tardiness can affects the relationship between the student’s major

examination scores in the first semester?

3. If there is a punishment, why are they still committing it?

6
IV. Scope and Delimitation

The scope of this study is to know the effects of the teacher's tardiness on their students

in terms of scores in their major examination and the learning capacity they get in studying. This

study focuses on the tardiness of the teachers that affect the students. This study is limited only

for Senior High Students in Apas Integrated Senior High School. The research only focuses on

the effects of the teacher's tardiness towards their student’s major examination scores in first

semester.

This study examines the tardiness of the teachers in Apas Integrated Senior High

School, through covert-participant observation and numeric information. The researchers will

ask permission to the student’s advisers to assess the selected students’ scores in their major

examination. There will be total of fifty selected students in Senior High department. The covert-

participant observation of the teachers has a total number of six respondents from the senior

high department, and the identification of the teachers will be confidential.

This research study is very confidential to anyone most especially to the teachers and

students who are not involved in this study. The researchers in the study are taking risks to

gather limited sources and the same as their research adviser. The researchers settled

objectives in this study to prevent biases during the conducting of observation and became fair

and honest in this study.

7
V. Research Methodology

This study uses correlation type of quantitative research. In this design, the researchers’

measure, understand and assess the statistical relationship between the teacher’s tardiness

towards the student’s scores in their major examination from the first semester.

Sampling

This study uses a quantitative approach; monitoring the teacher’s attendance through

covert-participant observation, gathering the selected student’s scores in major examination and

compare the both data through statistics. An observation of the teachers’ attendance is

conducted in Apas Integrated Senior High School using covert-participant observation. In

observing, the researchers select six teachers in the senior high department. In gathering the

students’ major examination scores, the researchers select fifty students in the senior high

department through a convenience sampling. The researchers ask permission to the selected

students’ advisers to assess their Form 14.

Data Collection

The primary instrument that is used as data collection of the study is the monitoring of

the teachers’ attendance through covert observation. The secondary instrument is the Form 14

of the students. The researchers have an administrative access that is the grade leaders for the

approval of the teacher’s schedule and the adviser’s approval for the Students’ Form 14.

8
Ethical Issues

This study could possibly face some circumstances from conducting the research, in

order to prevent these from taking place, the researchers made an action plan that is to be

elaborated and discussed below:

ETHICAL ISSUES ACTION PLAN

Privacy and Anonymity The researchers guarantee that no identifying

of information about the participant should not

be revealed in written or any other

communication.

Confidentiality The researchers give an assurance that the

participant which is involved with the study is

guaranteed that such information will not be

given to anyone else.

Honesty The researchers guarantee that this study

must not fabricate any results, procedures,

methods or misinterpret data.

Informed Consent The researchers assure the participants that

they have a right to be informed of the nature

of the study and whether they can choose to

participate or not.

Intrusiveness The participants that are involved in the study

guaranteed that the conduct of the

researchers will not be time consuming.

9
Plan for Data Analysis

This study uses a correlation method were the data is analyzed through numeric such as

anova, pearson correlation and linear regression. The linear regression is used since the

researchers’ seek to understand assess the statistical relationship between the independent

variable which is the teachers’ attendance and the dependent variable which is the students’

major examination scores in the first semester.

10
VI. Timetable

Category Research Tasks Jun. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Jan. Feb.
2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2021 2021
Chapter 1 Introduction

Background of the
Study
Statement of the
Problem
Assumptions and
Hypothesis
Scope and
Delimitation
Significance of the
Study
Conceptual
Framework
Definition of Terms

Chapter 2 Literature Review

Chapter 3 Methodology and

Data gathering:
Observation and
assessing
Students’ Form 14
Chapter 4 Interpretation and
Results
Chapter 5 Final Submission

11
VII. Cost Estimates

Category Menu Materials Size Quantity Unit Cost Cost

/description
Internet Computer/Cell Wi-Fi Per hour/ Php10.00 Php.
Sources phones connection/ Per load per 310.00
Data hour/Php.
Charges 55.00 per
load
Chapter 1 Introduction Short bond 8.5” x 11” Two pieces Php. 3.00 Php.
paper printed 6.00
Background Short bond 8.5” x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
of the Study paper printed 3.00
Statement of Short bond 8.5” x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
the Problem paper printed 3.00
Significance Short bond 8.5” x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
of the Study paper printed 3.00
Conceptual Short bond 8.5” x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
Framework paper printed 5.00
Assumption Short bond 8.5” x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
and paper printed 3.00
Hypothesis
Scope and Short bond 8.5”x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
Delimitation paper printed 3.00
Definition of Short bond 8.5” x 11” One piece Php. 3.00 Php.
terms paper printed 3.00
Chapter 2 Review Short bond 8.5” x 11” Five pieces Php. 3.00 Php.
Related paper printed 15.00
Literature
Chapter 3 Methodology Short bond 8.5” x 11” Three Php. 3.00 Php.
paper pieces 9.00
printed
Compilation Portfolio Sliding folder Short size One piece Php. 5.00 Php.
printed
15.00
Total:
Php
378.00

12
VIII. Plans for Dissemination / Advocacy

The findings of this study will rebound to the benefit of the following:

Students: Since the teacher's play a big role in their life as a student, knowing the effects of the

teacher's tardiness to their studies can help them voice out their rights.

Administration: This could be favorable for them because they will able to know, the impacts of

the tardiness on teachers towards the students. They can take immediate action to the teachers

who are always absent or late in class.

Society: It is useful for them to know that a teacher's tardiness could have an impact on the

students. They will be aware of how this can affect the young generations.

Teachers: This would give them advantages on how to deal with their lateness to their classes

so that they can be more effective teachers. Especially they also serve as role models to the

young generations.

Future Researchers: This would be a beneficial research study to understand that even the

one who serves as a role model can also make a mistakes, and as a future research who will try

to understand and find a solution of it.

13
IX. References

Pilgrim, T. (2013, July 18). Tardiness in Schools. Retrieved from.

https://eduflow.wordpress.com/2013/07/13/tardiness-in-schools/

Bourassa, C. (n.d.). Attendance Report: Should There be Penalties for Tardy Teachers?

Retrieved from https://thepicador.org/1200/campus/attendance-report-should-there-be-

penalties-for-tardy teachers/?

fbclid=IwAR0BjHeUG2Fd3JI2j6p4viGdThsb3_Dpl2uRrLZdlabbQax2Xg0FDBzivqI

February 25, 1991 DO 18, s. 1991 – Policy on Absenteeism and Tardiness. (n.d.). Retrieved

from https://www.deped.gov.ph/1991/02/25/do-18-s-1991-policy-on-absenteeism-and-

tardiness/?

fbclid=IwAR2d3oyZQdaGAoGZ2ZevZP2kfSxDxI3uZAXBO2swOEBaoY10humctunS4tc

Pareja, J. A. R. (n.d.). DepEd asked to resolve cases vs tardy teachers. Retrieved from

https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/05/03/681788/deped-asked-resolve-cases-vs-

tardy-teachers

Unlisted. (n.d.). Department of Education advocating punctuality. Retrieved from

https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2008/12/26/426693/department-education

advocating-punctuality

School Curriculum Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://education.findlaw.com/curriculum-

standards-school-funding/school-curriculum-basics.html?

fbclid=IwAR0pTcQx1peNTrp0u6o0PKT81ZDVjaLLe-pnAbNsCP3O08UjFotRCc9lSGQ

14