LIVING IN IT ERA

FINAL EXAM REVIEWER

 Martel 2010 Berry 2011
- There are four Waves of theoretical discourse in the analysis of the social phenomenon.

1. Hyperglobalist approach
2. Skeptical approach
3. Transformationalism
4. Variegated approach

 Hyperglobalist Approach - It is focused on the idea of globalization as economic transformation and

conceived stabilization as the inevitable emergence of a single global capitalist market economy. It covers both
in neoclassical and Marxist perspective.

 Skeptical Approach - Disputes the reality of globalization as a structural change as second approach. The
world is not there's no globalizing; globalization does not exist countries or nations have influential power to
counter the effects of globalization.

 Transformationalism - or did geographical approach/ it posits that globalization is inevitable creation of

social space where culture is homogeneous, and trade is liberalized.

 Variegated approach- includes 4 main perspectives; Hay’s third wave of globalization theory. The post
structuralist the neo- Gramscian and the ideological ones.

- Hay’s perspective/ set of ideas to justify or legitimate change is globalization. it draws upon the skeptical approach
we're empirical investigations of these ideas are focused with the purpose of showing that globalization is a false idea.

 Post -structuralist perspective - posits that globalization is a set of connected events which prescribes a
new role for the state, the state being an exclusive economic actor subject to economic logic incapable of
shaping the economy from an independent point and relating with its citizen only in the economistic terms.
 Neo- Gramscian perspective - Focuses its analysis on both the structural and idea and channel
dimension of globalization. This perspective conceives globalization as a form of intellectual power expressed
through the knowledge system of neoliberal ideology and propagated by institutional authority.

(Rupert 2000; Mittelman 2004; Antoniades 2007)

 Internet - one of the most transformational technological innovations in human history - has definitely
contributed to show how the world is connected.

- 44% connected 56% not connected

 Three Critical and Interdependent Markets
1. The Connectivity Market - seeks to provide affordable and reliable internet access
2. The Content Market- seeks to create relevant uses of reasons for people to go online
3. The Retail Market- helps people discover the Internet and how vast it is. it is also acts ask the sales
and service arm of the internet industry
 Consultative selling channels
 Mechanisms are a low cost or free discovery
 Retail market to offer simplified value propositions like bundle content and access plans

 Universal Inclusion Mechanism - is disruptive technologies that bring the hardest to reach the market
to people or online.

10 Mechanisms necessary for Global Inclusion

or Access and Connection to the World
1. Modernized networks
2. Decentralized content distribution
3. Build more national and international internet infrastructure
4. fulfill the need of for educational materials and services
5. Improve social services offerings
6. Provide economic opportunity
7. Build more consultative distribution channels
8. Reduce discovery costs
9. Simplify the value proposition
10. Disrupting for the last half billion

 Blockchain - he is a public record of the transactions made in cryptocurrency such as bitcoin

 smart survey boxes - that data on energy quality and power outages/ It is an automated information
collection that leaves very little room for human error and minimizes or even eliminates placing.
centers in unsafe areas.
 GMO. Or genetically modified crops -
 Video games -