CHAPTER 1.

SOLAR POWER ENERGY

2019
Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.1 Domestic and Overseas cases

1.2 Solar power energy
1.3 Case of Solar Power Projects
1.4 Solar energy practices
1.5 Solar Power Generation
Education Curriculum
Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.1 Domestic and Overseas cases

(mw)

Fig. 1-1 Domestic case of the solar power generation

• This is south Korea’s installed solar power generation.
• This graph of demand forecast is 43~49GW from to
45~49.6GW in 2014 and 50~57GW from to 52.5~58.3GW.
• Solar energy can compete with existing energy prices.
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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Fig. 1-2 Overseas cases of the solar power generation(U.S)

• U.S. solar energy capacity(MW) is increased every year

• Especially U.S. solar energy capacity(MW) is significant
increase between 2009 and 2010
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Fig. 1-3 Overseas cases of the solar power generation(JAPAN)

• Japan solar energy capacity(MW) is increases by 7~8GW

per year by 2020
• Japan solar energy capacity(MW)’s cumulative scale is
increases 69GW by 2020 and 100GW by 2030

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.2 Solar power energy

Solar power generation (Photovoltaic; PV) is based on the concept that
is convert the indefinite, non-polluting solar energy directly into
electrical energy and it consist solar cell(module), PCS, electrical
storage devices.

Power generation principle by solar cell

▷ Solar cell is semiconductor represent by silicon and developed according to the advancement of
semiconductor technology and properties naturally

▷ The most commonly known solar cell is configured as n-type(negative) silicon into direct contact
with a layer of p-type(positive) silicon and p-type silicon that they have different electrical
characteristics. Generally, this boundary part of silicon called PN junction.

▷ The sunlight hits the solar cells then absorb sunlight into the solar cell is absorbed by the energy of
sunlight. By the absorbed solar energy in semiconductors occur particles have property with hole and
electron that each moving freely through solar cells. But the electron towards the N-type
semiconductors while holes are gathering up towards P-type semiconductor gives rise to potential
energy. Thus, connect to external loads such as bulb or motor at electrodes which attached on each
front and back to produce current flow. This is the basic principles of solar power generation by PN
junction of solar cells.

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Cell Module System

Fig. 1-4 Configuration of the solar power system

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Semiconductor

Fig. 1-5 Composition of solar cell

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Fig. 1-6 Inventions using solar cells

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Utility service

Solar cell array

Electric current
Contact type
Load

Load

Solar cell array

Independent type Load

Load

Storage battery

Solar cell array

Electric current

Load

Hybrid type Load

Generator Storage battery

Fig. 1-7 Classification of the solar power system

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.3 Case Of Solar Power Projects Single crystal

Polycrystalline
Silicon
Polycrystalline
Thin film

Amorphous/ Microcrystalline

Solar cell Compounds

Thin film

Dye-Sensitized

Organic matter

Fig. 1-8 Kinds of solar cell

Crystalline silicon solar cells

Though, in terms of the physical characteristics of crystalline silicon for solar cells is not the most
ideal material but has the advantage of that can apply technology and equipment has already
developed in the electronics industry. Laboratory level represents more than 20% of the efficiency
and an average of 15-17% for mass production efficiency. The theoretical maximum efficiency of
silicon solar cells is about 29%.

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Thin film solar cell

The thin-film solar cell is mainly depositing few micrometers of photovoltaic material layers on a substrate such as
glass, stainless steel or plastic. Dependent on material than crystalline silicon cells This type of cell have
advantages of lower production costs and can be consistent with process modules through automation compare to
crystalline silicon which affected by material severely. On the other hand, there exist problem with low efficiency
and lake of empirical research on lifetime of module. Amorphous silicon (a-Si), CIS (copper indium diselenide) or
CIGS (copper indium-gallium diselenide) and CdTe (cadmium telluride) of three kinds of thin film modules were
currently commercialized. World-class cell efficiency is about 18.4% (in case of CIGS) and stabilizing efficiency of
commercial modules show 10% approximately. By 2015 is expected to reach about 12%.

Organic solar cell

Organic solar cell can be divided into dye-sensitized solar cells and organic molecules solar cells. Dye-sensitized
solar cells composed by Nano-structured TiO2 film which the most capable of adsorbing the dye, oxidation-
reduction iodine helping the regeneration of photoelectron, oxidation-reduction electrolyte and platinum or carbon
electrodes act as a catalyst for iodine reduction. Small size(less then 1 cm2) of dye-sensitized solar cells can
produce efficiency of 11% for the unit cell and have the characteristics of low cost compared to conventional
inorganic solar cells. Additionally, there are the benefits that available for incarnate the color solar cell and
transparent solar cells. The organic molecules solar cells constructed by the process of lamination or blending the
organic matter can receive electron(exp: PCBM)and the organic matter can receive hole(exp: JP3HT). The organic
molecules solar cells can reach 3-6% of conversion efficiency and easily presents flexible form.

Concentrating type solar cell

Concentrating solar cell is a method to reduce solar cell system cost due to apply the Fresnel lens or
mirror to condense and focus large area light to small solar cell which have area few mm2 ~ cm2. Typically,
used system has 400-1250 times of concentrating rate. In the concentrating solar cell system usually use
high efficiency(30-40%) solar cell with Ⅲ - Ⅴ compound semiconductor multi-junction system this also
applied in conventional solar cells for satellite.

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Mono crystalline silicon solar cells

1. Is a regular arrangement of atoms

2. A high conversion efficiency.

The crystalline silicon solar cells

1. The process is simple

2. Price is cheap
3. The commonly used.
4. The conversion efficiency is low.

Fig. 1-9 Type of module - Crystalline silicon solar cells

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Fig. 1-10 Type of module - Thin Film Solar Cell

Advantages Disadvantages
1. At the core of future solar 1. The manufacturing process is complex
2. It is characterized by low cost 2. Difficult to raise the conversion efficiency

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Fig. 1-11 Third generation solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells

A form that can be a semi-transparent coating on the surface of the glass or other solid.
The half of the solar cell production cost.
It is possible to compete with fossil fuel when the mass production.

Organic solar cells

Because plastic can be bent or folded.
Production costs are lower.
Can create new value-added markets.

Nanostructured solar cells

Greatly increase the efficiency when combined with the nano-structure to an organic solar cell.
It is useful to use as a clean and renewable energy. But it Is costly to manufacture the equipment.

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.4 Solar energy practices

(a) 13KW modules installed on the roof of the church (Wurth Solar)
(b) Awning type 50% Semi-Transparency CIGS module (Wurth Solar)
(c) 60X120 CIGS module (Wurth Solar)
(d) 85 kW BIPV (Shell Solar)
(e) 245kW Rooftop CIGSS (Shell Solar)
(f) Stainless steel substrate CIGS (Matsushita Electric)
(g) 70kW system (HONDA)
(h) 30WX20 CIGS modules (Showa Shell)
(i) Tent CIGS modules (Global Solar)

Fig. 1-12 Kinds of solar cell

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Fig. 1-13 Utilization of solar energy – Home Solar Power

Home Solar Power

It must consider when installing a home solar power
1. Production efficiency of the solar energy generator
2. Reliability of the company
3. Method of Electric Meters

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

Fig. 1-14 Utilization of solar energy – Factory and School

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

 Educational Objective
1. To have a deep understanding on renewable energy plant equipment with basic electrical control, electrical system and
instrumentation control and other industrial renewable energy equipment
2. Improve the practical skills of basic automatic control related electric power driving machine
3. To know the basic system configuration of Solar energy system control
4. To have an understanding on management and driving technologies to find a good efficiency of solar stand alone power
generation system which can be applied in the real field.

 Educational Content
1. Configuring the load power input circuit using solar battery
2. using ATS automatic switch circuit for uninterruptible
3. Practice to configure of commercial electric or battery power selection circuit
4. Solar charge controller overcharge prevention characteristic experiment
5. Solar battery discharge characteristic experiment
6. Experiment of the measurement of the end voltage by discharging experiment of solar battery
7. Prediction of battery charge / discharge state (SOC)
8. Solar battery life estimation based on battery capacity calculation
9. Solar stand-alone inverter circuit configuration training 1
10. Solar stand-alone inverter circuit configuration training 2
11. Solar stand-alone inverter circuit configuration training 3

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

 Educational Content
12. Solar stand-alone inverter efficiency test
13. Solar grid connected inverter circuit configuration training 1
14. Solar grid connected inverter circuit configuration training 2
15. Solar grid-connected inverter efficiency test
16. Grid-connected inverter load operation experiment
17. Practice of stand-alone Inverter system
18. Practice of stand-alone inverter system using automatic conversion device
19. Practice of connecting voltage/current measurement device of stand-alone inverter system
20. Practice of load control of stand-alone inverter system
21. Practice of power and load control of stand-alone inverter system
22. Practice of grid-connected inverter system
23. Practice of load control of grid-connected inverter system
24. Practice of stand-alone inverter circuit configuration(Module type)
25. Practice of stand-alone inverter system using automatic conversion device(Module type)
26. Practice of grid-connected inverter system(Module type)

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

Solar Power Generation Experiment Equipment

Solar Power Generation Experiment Equipment

(KTE-7000SG)

 Test on solar PV generation system composition

using banana jack
 Stand-alone inverter system circuit configuration
 Grid-connected inverter circuit configuration
 Collection of experimental data through data
monitoring device.

DAQ Software

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

Solar Power Generation Practice Experiment Equipment

Solar Power Generation Practice Experiment

Equipment (KTE-7000ISG)

 A photovoltaic power generation practice device.

 A practice device with actual parts used in the
photovoltaic power generation device.
 PV level : 40W

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

 Educational Objective
1. To know the basic configuration of renewable energy system control
2. To have an understanding on management and driving technologies to find a good efficiency of solar – wind power
generation system which can be applied in the real field by doing experiment.

 Educational Content
1. Calculated output voltage, current measurement test and the module efficiency of the photovoltaic module in
accordance with the change in load resistance
2. Measurement of output voltage and current of solar module according to the change of solar radiation
3. Measurement of output voltage and current of solar module according to serial and parallel connection of module
4. Measurement of output voltage and current of photovoltaic modules according to shading when modules are
connected in series or parallel
5. Generator efficiency measurement experiment according to the wind speed of the wind turbine
6. Practice of configuration of stand-alone inverter
7. Charge Controller Overcharge Prevention Characteristic experiment
8. Battery discharge characteristic experiment
9. Experiment of the measurement of the end voltage by discharging experiment of battery
10. Prediction of Battery Charge / Discharge State (SOC)
11. Battery life estimation based on battery capacity calculation
12. Stand-alone inverter efficiency test
13. Practice of Configuration of Grid-connected Inverter
14. Grid-connected inverter efficiency experiment
15. Grid-connected inverter load operation experiment

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1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

Hybrid Power Conversion Experiment Equipment

DAQ Software

Hybrid Power Conversion Experiment Equipment (KTE-HB520N)

 This equipment able to use for simulation of stand-alone inverter and grid inverter by applying hybrid
system from 2 energy sources, solar and wind.
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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

Machine Part of Power Conversion Equipment

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Chapter 1. Solar Power Energy

1.5 Solar Power Generation Education Curriculum

Control Panel of Power Conversion Equipment

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Thank You !

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