INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS

SKILLS: DATA COLLECTION

Learning Activity Sheets in Research I

Second Quarter-Week 3
ere

JUN JUN D. PESCADOR

Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

Republic of the Philippines

 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ABRA
Actividad-Economia St., Zone 2, Bangued, Abra

Published by:
DepEd Abra, Curriculum Implementation Division,
Learning Resource Management Section

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

"No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for a profit."
This material has been developed for the implementation of the K-12 Curriculum through the
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource Management Section. It can be
reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement, or a supplementary work are permitted
provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed in the intext citation. No
work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.
Borrowed materials (e.g., texts, illustrations, musical notations, photos, and other copyrighted
contents) included in this Self Learning Worksheet are owned by their respective copyright and
intellectual property right holders, DepEd is represented by the Filipinas Copyright Licensing Society
( FILCOLS), Inc. is seeking permission to use these materials. Publishers and Authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them. This self-learning Activity sheet is intended for educational
purposes and will be subjected to further Learning Resource Copyright evaluation. The inventory of
copyrighted third-party content will also be prepared.

This Curriculum/ Learning Material is owned by the Department of Education, Schools

Division of Abra, Curriculum Implementation Division, Learning Resource Management Section
accessed at https://lrmsabra.blogspot.com.

PREFACE

This Learning Activity Sheet is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division,

Learning Resource Management Section, Department of Education, Schools Division of
Abra. This aims to support all Learning Delivery Modalities anchored on the DepEd K-12
curriculum/the Most Essential Learning Competencies/Alternative Learning System.

ii
Date of Development : February 4, 2022
Resource Location : Schools Division of Abra
Learning Area : Research
Grade Level :7
Learning Resource Type : Learning Activity Sheet
Quarter :2
Week :3
Learning Competency : The learner should be able to differentiate
qualitative and quantitative data; explain how data
are gathered qualitatively and quantitatively.
Code :

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Producing this set of Learning Activity Sheets entails a lot of effort and time
management. It would have not been brought to success without the assistance of individuals
to whom the developer extends her gratitude.
To the Division LRMS team managed by Mr. Ronald T. Marquez, Education Program
Supervisor for the continuous quality assurance and enhancement training.

iii
 To Mr. Bhenjo P. Agaloos, EPS in Science, Mr. Jose V. Bernardez, Principal II of
Abra High School, and Mrs. Percinia B. Taluabn, science department head of Abra High
School for the trust and encouragement.
To her family, co-teachers, and friends for the support and love.
Above all, to Almighty God for His ultimate power.

JUN JUN D. PESCADOR

Abra High School, Main Campus

LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT and QUALITY ASSURANCE

BHENJO P. AGALOOS
Education Program Supervisor for Science

RIZA E. PERALTA RYNWALTER A. PAA

Librarian II Project Development Officer II

RONALD T. MARQUEZ
Education Program Supervisor for LRMS

CONSULTANTS:

HEDWIG M. BELMES
Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

SAMUEL T. EGSAEN JR., EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

BENILDA M. DAYTACA, Ed.D., CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Copyright Notice ……………………………………………………………….. ii

Preface …………………………………………………………………………… iii

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………….. iv

Table of Contents…………………………………………………….…………. v

Discussion Lesson ...………………………………………………………... 1

iv
Activity 1…………………………………………………….………………. 3

Activity 2……………………………………………………………………… 3

Activity 3 ……………………………………………………………………. 4

Activity 4 ………………………………………...………………………… 5

Activity 5…………………………………………………………………….. 6

Concept Formation/Generalization.…………………………………. 6

Key to Corrections…………………………………………………………. 7

v
 DISCUSSION LESSON

At the end of this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to

1. differentiate qualitative and quantitative data;
2. explain how data are gathered qualitatively and quantitatively.

Let’s get started!!!

Data collection is a methodical process of gathering and analyzing specific information to proffer
solutions to relevant questions and evaluate the results. It focuses on finding out all there is to a
particular subject matter. Data is collected to be further subjected to hypothesis testing which seeks to
explain a phenomenon.

Types of Data Collection

Before broaching the subject of the various types of data collection. It is pertinent to note that data
collection in itself falls under two broad categories; Primary data collection and secondary data
collection.

1. Primary Data Collection - by definition is the gathering of raw data collected at the source.
It is a process of collecting the original data collected by a researcher for a specific research
purpose. It could be further analyzed into two segments; qualitative research and quantitative
data collection methods.

Qualitative Research Method

The qualitative research methods of data collection do not involve the collection of data that
involves numbers or a need to be deduced through a mathematical calculation, rather it is
based on the non-quantifiable elements like the feeling or emotion of the researcher. An
example of such a method is an open-ended questionnaire.

An example of such a method is an open-ended questionnaire.

Quantitative Method
 Quantitative methods are presented in numbers and require a mathematical calculation to
deduce. An example would be the use of a questionnaire with close-ended questions to arrive
at figures to be calculated Mathematically. Also, methods of correlation and regression, mean,
mode and median.

2. Secondary Data Collection, on the other hand, is referred to as the gathering of second-hand
data collected by an individual who is not the original user. It is the process of collecting data
that is already existing, be it already published books, journals, and/or online portals. In terms
of ease, it is much less expensive and easier to collect.

Your choice between Primary data collection and secondary data collection depends on the
nature, scope, and area of your research as well as its aims and objectives.

IMPORTANCE OF DATA COLLECTION

There are a bunch of underlying reasons for collecting data, especially for a
researcher.

1. Integrity of the Research. A key reason for collecting data, be it through

quantitative or qualitative methods is to ensure that the integrity of the research
question is indeed maintained.

2. Reduce the likelihood of errors. The correct use of appropriate data collection of
methods reduces the likelihood of errors consistent with the results.

3. Decision Making. To minimize the risk of errors in decision-making, it is important

that accurate data is collected so that the researcher doesn't make uninformed
decisions.

4. Save Cost and Time. Data collection saves the researcher time and funds that would
otherwise be misspent without a deeper understanding of the topic or subject matter.

5. To support a need for a new idea, change, and/or innovation. To prove the need
for a change in the norm or the introduction of new information that will be widely
accepted, it is important to collect data as evidence to support these claims.

2
Quantitative data refers to any information that can be quantified. If it can be counted or measured,
and given a numerical value, it’s quantitative data. Quantitative data can tell you “how many,” “how
much,” or “how often”.

Example: How many people attended last week’s webinar?

How much revenue did the company make in 2019?
How often does a certain customer group use online banking?

Qualitative data cannot be measured or counted. It’s descriptive, expressed in terms of language
rather than numerical values. Qualitative data also refers to the words or labels used to describe
certain characteristics or traits.

Example: Describing the sky as blue or labeling a particular ice cream flavor as vanilla.

Researchers will often turn to qualitative data to answer “Why?” or “How?” questions. For
example, if your quantitative data tells you that a certain website visitor abandoned their shopping cart
three times in one week, you’d probably want to investigate why—and this might involve collecting
some form of qualitative data from the user. Perhaps you want to know how a user feels about a
particular product; again, qualitative data can provide such insights. In this case, you’re not just
looking at numbers; you’re asking the user to tell you, using language, why they did something or
how they feel.

How are quantitative and qualitative data collected? One of the key differences between
quantitative and qualitative data is in how they are collected or generated.

Quantitative data is generated by measuring or counting certain entities, or by performing

calculations. Some common quantitative data collection methods include:

1. Surveys and questionnaires: This is an especially useful method for gathering large
quantities of data. If you wanted to gather quantitative data on employee satisfaction, you
might send out a survey asking them to rate various aspects of the organization on a scale of
1-10.
2. Analytics tools: Data analysts and data scientists use specialist tools to gather quantitative
data from various sources. For example, Google Analytics gathers data in real-time, allowing
you to see, at a glance, all the most important metrics for your website—such as traffic,
number of page views, and average session length.
3. Environmental sensors: A sensor is a device which detects changes in the surrounding
environment and sends this information to another electronic device, usually a computer. This
information is converted into numbers, providing a continuous stream of quantitative data.
4. Manipulation of pre-existing quantitative data: Researchers and analysts will also generate
new quantitative data by performing statistical analyses or calculations on existing data. For

3
 example, if you have a spreadsheet containing data on the number of sales and expenditures
in USD, you could generate new quantitative data by calculating the overall profit margin.

Qualitative data is gathered through interviews, surveys, and observations. Let’s take a look at
these methods in more detail:

1. Interviews are a great way to learn how people feel about any given topic—be it their
opinions on a new product or their experience using a particular service. Conducting
interviews will eventually provide you with interview transcripts which can then be analyzed.
2. Surveys and questionnaires are also used to gather qualitative data. If you wanted to collect
demographic data about your target audience, you might ask them to complete a survey where
they either select their answers from a number of different options, or write their responses as
freeform text.
3. Observations: You don’t necessarily have to actively engage with people in order to gather
qualitative data. Analysts will also look at “naturally occurring” qualitative data, such as the
feedback left in product reviews or what people say in their social media posts.

When should we use qualitative or quantitative data?

 Whether you use qualitative or quantitative data (or a combination of both!) depends on the
data analytics project you’re undertaking. Here, we’ll discuss which projects are better suited
to which data. Generally, you can use the following criteria to determine whether to go with
qualitative data, quantitative data, or a mixed methods approach to collecting data for your
project.
 Do you want to understand something, such as a concept, experience, or opinions?
Use qualitative data.
 Do you want to confirm or test something, such as a theory or hypothesis? Use
quantitative data.

SUPPLEMENTAL VIDEO: Learn more about data gathering by watching the video in this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhqJMLiL-FA

ACTIVITY 1
TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the statement is incorrect.

1. Quantitative data cannot tell you “how many,” “how much,” or “how often”.

2. Qualitative data can be measured or counted.

3. Data collection focuses on finding out all there is to a particular subject matter.

4. Data is collected to be further subjected to hypothesis testing which seeks to explain a

phenomenon.

5. Secondary Data Collection It is a process of collecting the original data collected by a

researcher for a specific research purpose.

6. Primary Data collection is the process of collecting data that is already existing, be it already
published books, journals, and/or online portals.

4
 7. Qualitative data is gathered through interviews, surveys, and observations.

8. Quantitative data is generated by measuring or counting certain entitie

9. Conducting interviews will eventually provide you with interview transcripts which
can then be analyzed.

10. Surveys and questionnaires are useful method for gathering large quantities of data.

ACTIVITY 2
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data Hands on Activity

Objective/s: To learn to distinguish qualitative data from quantitative data and display in a
meaningful format.

Materials: Notebook Ruler Colored pencils

Crayons Leaves from 2 different trees (Bags A and B)

Procedure:
1. Get one bag of each type of leaf (A and B).
2. Make sure there are ten of each leaf and examine them closely.
3. Make the following quantitative measurements and record them in a data chart
on the next empty page of your activity paper.
a. The maximum length of each leaf in millimeters (not including the stem) for
each of the two groups.
b. The maximum width of each leaf in millimeters measured perpendicular to
the center vein.
4. Calculate and record the mean values for the quantitative data above.
5. Record qualitative observations about each group of leaves on the activity paper.
Qualitative data should include:
a. A clear written description of all observable characteristics for each type of leaf. It should
be detailed enough that a person could identify which plant the leaf was taken from just
by reading the description.
b. Colored pencil drawing of a sample leaf from each group.
c. A crayon rubbing of a sample leaf from each group to show size, shape, and
vein pattern.
6. Cut and paste these directions in your activity paper.

Analysis and Conclusions:

Answer each of the following in a complete sentence.

1. Which type of data was easiest to collect and why?
2. Which type of data is most accurate? Explain.
3. Which type of data is most useful? Explain

ACTIVITY 3
IDENTIFY DATA TYPES

Types of Data. Scientists collect two different types of data: qualitative data and quantitative
data.

5
 Qualitative Data: Qualitative data are descriptions in words of what is being observed. They
are based on some quality of an observation, such as color, odor, or texture.

Quantitative Data: Quantitative data are numeric measurements. The data are objective- they
are the same no matter who measures them. They include measurements such as mass, volume,
temperature, distance, concentration, time, or frequency.

Example:
Suppose a marine biologist observes the behavior and activities of dolphins. She identifies
different dolphins within the group and observes them every day for a month. She records detailed
observations about their behaviors. Some of her observations are qualitative data and some are
quantitative data.

Qualitative data examples

• Dolphin colors range from gray to white.
• Dolphins in a pod engage in play behavior.
• Dolphins have smooth skin.

Quantitative data examples

• There are nine dolphins in this pod.
• Dolphins eat the equivalent of 4-5% of their body mass each day.
• The sonar frequency most often used by the dolphins is around 100kHz.

Notice the qualitative data are descriptions. The quantitative data are objective, numerical
measurements. Data Analysis

Identify Data Types: Suppose that you are a biologist studying elephants in their natural
habitat in Africa. You observe their behaviors and interaction, and take photographs of their
interactions to study later.

6
 Examine the photograph of the elephants shown above.

1. Give two examples of qualitative data that could be obtained from the
photograph of the elephants.
2. Give two examples of quantitative data that could be obtained from the photograph of
the elephants.

ACTIVITY 4
COMPARE ME!

COMPARISON TABLE BETWEEN QUALITATIVE DATA AND

QUANTITATIVE DATA
QUALITATIVE DATA SIMILARITIES QUANTITATIVE DATA

7
 ACTIVITY 5
METACOGNITION FOR STATING KNOWLEDGE

Directions: Following the template of Metacognition for Stating Knowledge, choose a word
that you learned and complete the different phrases.

Starter phrases:
My chosen word is ______________________________
I know that I know ______________________________
First, I know ______________________________
In addition, I know ______________________________
Finally, I know ______________________________
Now, you know something that I know __________________

CONCEPT FORMATION
 Data collection is a methodical process of gathering and analyzing specific information to
proffer solutions to relevant questions and evaluate the results.
 There are two types of data collection: Primary Data Collection and Secondary Data
Collection
 There are a bunch of underlying reasons for collecting data, especially for a
researcher: Integrity of the Research, Reduce the likelihood of errors, Decision Making,
Save Cost and Time, To support a need for a new idea, change, and/or innovation.

 Quantitative data refers to any information that can be quantified. If it can be counted or
measured, and given a numerical value, it’s quantitative data. Quantitative data can tell you
“how many,” “how much,” or “how often”.

 Qualitative data cannot be measured or counted. It’s descriptive, expressed in terms of

language rather than numerical values. Qualitative data also refers to the words or labels used
to describe certain characteristics or traits.

8
KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Activity 1 – True or False!

1. FALSE 6. FALSE
2. FALSE 7. TRUE
3. TRUE 8. TRUE
4. TRUE 9. TRUE
5. FALSE 10. TRUE

Activity 2 – Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data Hands on Activity (Answers may vary)

Activity 3 – Identify Data Types (Answers may vary)

Activity 4 – Compare Me! (Answers may vary)

Activity 5 – Metacognition for Stating Knowledge (Answers may vary)