Quants Crash Course

Random

1. Sum of any AP = n/2 (a + L)

where n = total terms, a = first term, L = last term

2. Area of triangle = 1/2 x base x height

3. Area of Sq = side x side

4. y = mx+c, where m = slope = tan theta

value of tan theta = 45 Degree

5. Sum of natural number from 1 to n = n(n+1)

6. Sum of squares from 1 = n(n+1) (2n+1)/6

7. Volume of cone = 1/3 PIE (22/7) r^2 h

8. To find out, the no. of terms from 32 to 76, do 76-32+1 = 45

9. Logs when added with same base, their contents multiply and when subtracted, they get
divided

10. Powers are added when numbers are multiplied

11. 3 formulas to calculate meeting point for 2 trains/people

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 Day 1

Alligation

1. Successive percentage = a+b+ ab/100

profit formula: M - D + M x -D/100

where M= Markup, D= Discount

2. how to calculate mixed alligation:

5 x 1 + 7 x 2/ 1+2 =19/3

👉🏻 5 7

👉🏻 x

👉🏻 1 2

P&C

1. Choosing identical chocolates/balls/same objects to distribute amongst 4 different

boxes/persons:

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 where n= number of objects, r number of diff. persons/boxes
Question: 5 similar balls to be put in 3 different boxes:

Sol: n=5 ; r =3 ——> 7C2

nothing but 7 symbols. Therefore answer is 21

No. of ways of arranging ROHIT = 5!

No. of ways of arranging RAMAN = 5!/2!

No. of ways of arranging COFFEE = 6!/2!2!

No. of ways of arranging bbbbb = 5!/5!

Graph Based Questions: Modulus

1. Graph of mod |x|

vertex = point

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 2. Graph of mod - |x|

3. Graph of mod |x + 2| shifts left 2 points (On the -ve side)

4. Graph of mod |x - 2| shifts right 2 points (On the +ve)

5. Graph of mod |x| + 2 shifts UP 2 points

6. Graph of mod |x| - 2 shifts DOWN 2 points

Area Graph:

Shortcut:

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 direct area= 2 x k x k

area = k x k always

—> x goes left right and y goes up down

Weighted Average

1. Convert the 3 articles CP into Ratio a:b:c

2. Given, profit percentage of 3 CP x% y% z%

3. Net P% = ax + by + cz/ a + b + c

4. Rate% = Interest for 1 year

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 Day 2

Time and Work

1. Ratio of time is opposite to Ratio of Eff.

2. A takes → 10 days B takes → 15 days

A+B = x

Therefore, x = root a x b

3. If workers put same no. of days, wages ~ efficiency

4. If workers do not work for same days then wages calculated on the basis of total work.

5. Refer 48:00 in video

Modulus Distance

→ Suppose:

y = |x-1| + |x-9|

1. If x is between 1 & 9, value is always 8 and y is MINIMUM 8

2. x can have infinite real values, yet Y minimum is 8

3. if y = 10 or any value > 8, then x will have ONLY 2 values

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 4. y < 8 for no values of x (Not possible)

→ Inequality: Whenever x^2 + x > 0, values go till infinity

→ When x^2 + x < 0, values are between roots

[ ] = includes the value, ( ) = does not include the number

⭐️ When comparing 2 mods like |x-1| > |x-9|

-then x (your house needs to be nearer to 9

GM HM AM (Maxima Minima)

1. Arithmetic Mean of 9 & 4 = 9+4/2 = 6.5

2. Geometric Mean of 9 & 4 = (9x4)^1/2 = (36)^1/2 = 6

GM of 9, 4 & 3 = (9x4x3)^1/3 = 108^1/3

3. Harmonic Mean (See photo)

HM of 9 & 4 = 2x 9 x 4/ 9+4 = 72/13 = 5.53

⭐️ AM> GM> HM unequal numbers

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 ⭐️ AM = GM = HM equal numbers (4 & 4)
Formulas: 2 real nos.

1. AM = a+b/2

2. GM = root ab

3. HM = 2ab/a+b

Ratio Percentage (Selected Category Qs)

Ratios:
→ For Questions with leaps of animals, calculate ratio of no. of jumps, ratio of distance.
to find the speed = No. of Jumps/ Distance

→ For Age based questions, the gap in ratios must be made equal.
→ For Variation based questions, write the condition in terms of k & calculate Reduction as
per condition

⭐️ Always make Ratio total equal for 2 categories.

Percentages:
⭐️ Whenever data is given in just ratio or percentages assume any number like 100
⭐️ Whenever % plus 2 numbers, need to take “x” or take 100x
For commission based Questions, calc. ratio of commission and bonus

Day 3

Quadratic Equations

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 Maximum and Minimum value of quadratic equation:

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 → Roots are rational when d (b^2-4ac) = perfect sq.
→ Watch the Perfect sq. method of solving Quadratic eq.

→ For Quadratic inequalities,

(x - alpha) (x - beta) > 0 then value goes till infinity

(x - alpha) (x - beta) < 0 then value is in between the roots

Whenever ‘roots are real or not real’ solve by discriminant

Componendo Dividendo = N + D/ N - D

Modulus

→ when mod opens, it has both + and - answers

→ if |x+5| < k, then k > x+5 > -k (1 case only)

→ if |x+5| > k, then x+5 > k AND x + 5 < - k (2 cases )

⭐️ For inequality mod equations with 2 terms, calculate critical point. If critical point = -6,
Case 1: values behind - 6

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 Case 2: values ahead of - 6

For variable^variable Question = 1,

case 1: base = 1
case 2: power = 0

case 3: base = -1 ; power = even

→

Day 4 ( 50 Arithmetic Questions) Shortcuts

PROFIT LOSS DISCOUNT

N Question Trick

1 Pure Milk + Water Calculate CP : SP

2 Pure Milk + Water if profit is given 50%, end ratio 2:3

3 Faulty articles/ damaged pieces Selling Price should be the same

solve by Ratio (MP SP CP) or

4 M%, D% & P%
formula (Star 3)

Different CP and profit loss, same solve by ratio (SP & CP) if SP same,
5
SP make ratio of SP same.

weighted avg = number % (ratio) x

6 Average loss
p/l %

calculate CP/SP ratios, let x and y for

7 Pens free with pencil CP, p for SP and divide both
equations

use formula and equation method to

8 M%, D% & P%
equate with required answer

Profit and CP ratio is given, solve by Ratio, treat ratio as actual

9
freebies value and multiply with n articles

10 Different forms of discount

⭐️ Solve by ratio of different MP &
SP & CP

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 Don’t assume numbers, just solve by
11 Successive Discount on bike
ratio for discounts

Successive discount, possible value

12 Linear Equation + weighted avg
of numbers sold

solve CP : SP final ratio, calculate

13 Dishonest shopkeeper/ false weight unknown ratio by net % ⭐️ 1 hr :
43 mins

⭐️ Profit % gives Profit and CP ratio

⭐️ If 3-4 distinct profit/loss% are given, then Q is likely Weighted Avg.
⭐️ Profit = Markup - Discount + M x -D/100
⭐️ Buy 8 get 3 free, then discount = 3/11 = 27.27%
⭐️ In linear equation, value of x & y inc/dec by each others coeff.
SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTEREST ⭐️

14 SI 3 schemes Solve by taking Ratio of amount

15 Difference in Rs solve by equation

equation, let k. Similar to fixed and

16 switching profits Desktop laptop
variable cost

17 Compound int, same % 2 schemes just formula basic

nth year CIs are in G.P (Same

18 nth year CI proportion) = divide to get
multiplier (Scaling Factor)

2n - n/n = ^n to get k^6 = A/P, then

19 n and 2n CI
solve by ratios

CI for 3 yrs - 2 yrs/ CI for 2 yrs =

20 CI of 2 years and 3 yrs
y^2/x(x+y)

21 SI equation based, use of percentage

basic equation first, then tree method

22 CI of 3 and 4 years
(unit. method 3 yrs value)

23 Diff between SI and CI 2 years formula: P x r% x r%

24 Difference between SI and CI 3 yrs Tree method always

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 (when r% is not give, assume r =
1/x so that we can do tree method
25 Rate of interest in 3 years SI CI diff
and P = x^3) Divide the assumed
D3/P

26 Instalment CI
⭐️watch video unitary method using
fraction of r%

3 types of Questions (Compound Interest)

1. CI of nth year given: nth year CIs are in G.P (Same proportion)

2. CI n years & 2n years: CI of 2n - CI of n/ CI of n = k^n (S.F)

3. CI of 2 and 3 years: Using tree, CI of 3 yrs - CI 2 yrs/ CI 2yrs = y^2/ x (x+y)

where y = x+1 and x = R%

Tree method-
Step 1: find the fraction of R% (Let’s say 20% = 1/5)

Step 2: Assume P. If CI for 3 years is given, take P = 5^3

Step 3: Make the chart as below

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 Difference between SI & CI:
2 Years (D2) - P x r% x r% = Rs

Finding r% using D3 - D3/P = 3x + 1/ x^3

3 years (D3) - Leaving the first line, all the other number are difference of SI and
CI

⭐️Simple interest is solved by a) Alligation, b) Weighted Avg

⭐️ Simple interest = Rate x Time & Amount = SI +100% or AMT = PTR
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 ⭐️ Compound Int: Amount = Principal x (1 + rate of interest)/100^n
⭐️ 1+r/100 = Scaling Factor (k) means how much money multiplies
⭐️ Amount - Principal = CI
⭐️ A/P = k^n
⭐️ k^8 = 25/36, k^4 = sq. root
⭐️ To find Principal (P) in CI, Tree method is used.
TIME SPEED DISTANCE

1. When D is constant, S = 1/t (inversely proportional)

2. When S is constant, D = t (directly proportional)

3. When T is constant, D = S (directly proportional)

No Question Trick

Ratio of speed & time (inv.

1 5/8 speed, D constant
proportional)

use timeline then ratio of S &D,

2 Theft and chasing
Time constant

use timeline, 25 min + 25 min

3 Husband wife
saved, ratio of t

use ratio to calculate usual time

4 Ratio of distance
(unit method)

formula distance = a x b/ a - b x
5 Same distance, varying speed
change t

1) calculate actual distance when

chase starts, then time = d/relative
speed 2) Distance by dog, speed x
To and fro motion /dog goes wild in
6 time 3) Dog away police, rel. S =
police thief chase
150 - 120 4) Dog towards police,
rel. speed = 120 + 150 5) Ratio of
speeds- 1 : 9

⭐️ Whenever you see a percentage, 99% times make it a ratio of Original and New
time/speed

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 ⭐️ Same distance, different speeds a kmph and b kmph and time difference is given,
formula = a x b/ a - b x change in t (from usual time)

Day 5

Linear Race
→ When distance is the same in 2 cases and difference in Time and speed is given, do the
Cross multiply method:
diff in Speed diff in Time
4 40
8 80 = 320

12 120 = 960
Distance is 600… hence in between values, 6, 10, 6 & 100

Logarithm

Log basics:
To remove log, base changes side and gets the power

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 log inequality: log base 0 & 1 = sign change

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 log addition, subtraction and k/p
for addition, coefficient must be 1 and base same

⭐️ coefficient and power of logs interchange places

Changing base of a log, interchanging the argument and base

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 more important properties

log multiplication

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 logs

Day 6

Pipe, Time and Work

1. Water flowing through pipe is proportional to square of diameter, i.e Cross section

2. Diameter^2 = Cross Section

3. Watch from 6:30 to 9 mins!

4. Diameter, radius, height, side, perimeter ka ratio 1: 2 hai, then area ratio = 1^2 : 2^2 and
volume is 1^3 : 2^3

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 5. Area is the efficiency!!!

6. Capacity/Efficiency = Time

7. remember, TW = TW and MDH = MDH

8. In MDH, it is assumed that efficiency of 1 man is man, so 20% drop in efficiency, you
do Men x 0.8

→ Use alligation whenever possible

Sequence and Series

formulas basic-

1. Infinity GP concept ball bounce

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 2. Factorise numbers in GP when you can’t solve.

3. Sequence based questions:

In an AP, when gap of gap is same, nth term has a degree of 2

⭐️ Imp question: Sum of AP with common term (Take LCM of both APs to find common
difference and use Sum ka formula to find value of n)

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 Sum of n terms quadratic:

Boats and Streams

Functions

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 Percentage Ratio
r

Day 8

Mixtures
→ formula for successive mixture replacement:

use formula for water, if milk is added and milk if water is added
Here k = fraction left

Instalments

1. CI with equal instalments:

Use scaling factor. k^n = A/P

if interest = 1/5, 5 is borrowed and 6 is paid in instalment. Therefore Interest % = Interest /
Borrowed or Invested.
Calculate the ratios and make the instalment amt same and then equate using unitary method

2. CI with unequal instalments:

equation or timeline using reverse calculation

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 3. Instalment with SI formula:

Due debt (DD) x 100/n x 100 + r x Series

where Series is, lets say n = 5, series is 1+2+3+4

due debt = money owed + interest together

Day 9

Escalators
→ formula

H Mean- AB = 2 x a x b/ a +b

Understand the conditions, rest is easy equations, Remember d = s/t

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 Train
When train crosses a pole/tree/obj, Distance = Length of train
When train crosses platform/another train/ tunnel, D = Length of Train + L(platform)
When 2 train cross each other Rel Speed = +
When 2 trains same direction, Rel Speed = -

Circular Race

→ formulas

Watch 2:36:00 of the video.

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 Average

1. Usually, must calculate Total using average x no of observ. (n)

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