HERITAGE REVIEWER Natural Heritage – natural features,
geological and physiographical
2.1-2.2. Definition and Aspects of
Heritage Conservation
Culture – A set of distinctive spiritual,
material, intellectual and emotional
features of a society that encompasses
art, literature, lifestyles, community,
values, traditions and beliefs.
Heritage – features belonging to the
culture of a particular society, such as
traditions, languages, or buildings of
historical importance.
 our legacy from the past, present,
and we pass on to future generations
 irreplaceable sources of life and
inspirations
Cultural Heritage – Legacy of natural
features, physical artifacts and
intangible attributes of a group of
society that is inherited from past
generations.
Cultural Property:
 RA 10066 – refers to all products of
human creativity by which people
and nation reveal their identity,
wether:
 Public or privately owned
 Movable or immovable
 Tangible or intangible
 UNESCO – property which, on
religious or secular grounds, is
specifically designated by each
State as being of importance for
archaeology, prehistory, history,
literature or science.
formations and delineated areas that
constitute the habitat of threatened
species of animals, plants and natural
sites of value from the point of view of
science, conservation or natural beauty.
Man-made Heritage – artifacts
constructed by humans
 Reflects on nation’s economy,
culture and history
 Helps engender a sense of place;
national pride.
Aspects of Cultural Heritage:
1. Tangible Cultural Heritage –
totality of cultural property with
historical, archival, anthropological,
artistic and architectural value with
exceptional or traditional production
wether of Philippine origin or not.
 Movable Heritage – ‘movable’
items (books, documents,
artworks, etc.) and other
similar artifacts that are
considered worth of
preservation for the future.
 Immovable Heritage –
buildings (or its parts),
monuments and other historic
places.
2. Intangible Cultural Heritage –
Traditions or living expression
inherited from our ancestors that
passed on from one generation to
another.
Heritage Conservation – measures
taken to extend the life of cultural
heritage while strengthening
transmission of its significant heritage
messages and values.
‘Why Conserve?’ intergovernmental organization
dedicated to the preservation of
It emobodies or reflects the
cultural heritage worldwide through
architectural, artistic, historical,
training, information, research,
economic, social, political and spiritual
cooperation and advocacy program.
character of the people who produced it.
Heritage Cycle by Simon Thurley
United Nations
Educational,
Scientific and
Cultural
Organization
(UNESCO) – a specialized agency of
UN aimed at promoting world peace
and security through international
cooperation in education, arts,
sciences and culture.
 Statues were approved in 1951
GOALS:
 Settle eventual misunderstandings
between nation without armed
International Organizations:
conflicts.
International  Promote educational, scientific
Council on and cultural cooperation at an
Monuments and international level.
Sites (ICOMOS) –  Assists in providing means for the
a professional protection, conservation,
association that restoration of cultural.
works for the
conservation and PRINCIPLES:
protection of  “You only conserve the material
cultural heritage places around the of the work of art”
world  “Restoration must aim
reestablishment of the potential
unity of the work of art, so far as
International this is possible without committing
Centre for the a fake and without canceling
Study of the traces of its history”
Preservation and
Restoration of OTHER GUIDELINES:
Cultrual Property
(ICCROM) – an
  Reintegration should always
remain recognizable on close
inspection
 Use of reversible method of
reintegration
 Removal of later additions should
always be considered as an
exception
 Aesthetic values should dominate
over historic in the case of conflict
Key Moments in the World Heritage
Movement:
 Athens Conference (1931) –
international code of practice for
conservation
 Venice Charter (1964) –
international charter for the
conservation of monuments and
sites.
 3rd ICOMOS General Assembly in
Budapest (1972) – resolution of the
Symposium on the introduction of
contemporary architecture into
ancient groups of buildings
 Stressed the need for appropriate
use of mass, scale, rhythm and
appearance and the avoidance of
imitation.
 4th ICOMOS General Assembly in
Rothenburg (1975) – resolution of
the international symposium on the
conservation of smaller historic
towns.
 Declaration of Amsterdam (1975)
– identified the importance of
integrating conservation of the
architectural heritage into the urban
and regional planning process.
 Charter on Cultural Tourism
(1976) – Int’l Seminar on
Contemporary Tourism and
Humanism in Brussels
 Considers the positive and negative
effects of cultural tourism on historic
monuments and sites.
 Burra Charter (1981) – Australian
ICOMOS Charter for the
Conservation of places of Cultural
Significance. (First National Charter
since the Venice Charter)
 Introduced an analytical
conservation model of heritage
assessment that recognized forms
of cultural heritage beyond tangible
and physical forms.
 Florence Charter on Historic
Gardens (1982) – defined the term
“historic garden” and the
architectural compositions that
constitute the historic landscape.
 Appleton Charter (1983) –
protection and enhancement of the
built environment.
 Washington Charter on the
Conservation of Historic Towns
and Areas (1987) – set out
principles for the planning and
protection of historic urban areas.
 Charter for the Protection and
Management Archaeological
Heritage (1990)
 Nara Document on Authenticity
(1994) – addressed the need for a
broader understanding of cultural
diversity and cultural heritage as it
relates to conservation.
 Hoi An Protocol (2009) – best
practices of conservation in
Asia.
  Professional guidelines for  Jointly administers with the NCCA
assuring and preserving the the Order of National Artists.
authenticity of heritage sites in  Komisyon sa Wikan Filipino –
the context of Asian cultures. official regulating body of the Filipino
Language
Heritage Conservation in the
 Official government institution
Philippines:
tasked with developing,
National Agencies: preserving, and promoting the
various local Philippine
 National Commission for Culture
Languages.
and the Arts – overall policy-
 National Archives of the
making and implementing agency
Philippines – mandated to collect,
for the preservation, development
store, preserve and make available
and promotion of PH arts and
archival records of the government
culture.
and other primary sources
- Administers the National
pertaining to the history and
Endowment Fund for Cultrue and
development of the country.
the Arts.
 Formulates, implements the
 National Museum of the
records schedule and vital
Philippines – mandated to
records protection programs for
establish, manage and develop
the government.
museums around the country.
 National Library of the Philippines
- manages and develops the national
– repository of the printed and
reference collections in the areas of
recorded cultural heritage of the
artistic and cultural heritage and
country and other intellectual,
natural history.
literary resources and information
- Regulatory and enforcement agency
sources.
of cultural laws.
 National Historical Commission
of the PH – responsible for the
conservation and preservation of PH  RA 4846 (1966) – cultural properties
historical legacies. preservation and protection act
- major thrusts include historical
studies, curatorial works,  PD 105 (1973) – declaring national
architectural conservation, heraldy, shrines as sacred places and
historical information dissemination prohibiting desecration thereof
activities, restoration and
preservation of relics and  PD 260 (1973) – declaring national
memorabilia of heroes and other cultural treasures, nationa shrines,
renowed Filipinos. monuments, and/or landmarks
 Cultural Center of the Philippines
– preserve, develop and promote  RA 10066 (2009) → Philippine
arts and culture in the PH Cultrual Heritage Act
Objectives:
 To protect, preserve, conserve
and promote the nation’s cultural
heritage, it’s property and
histories and the ethnicity of local
communities
 Establish and strengthen cultural
institutions and protect cultural
workers and ensure their
professional development and
well-being
Value of Heritage Resources
Value – an aspect of worth ascribed
by people to a heritage resource that is
used to justify its significant ; a range of
values for different individuals or group.
 The significance of a building
or place of historic, architectural
and cultural importance is its
most defining value
 In time of conflict, cultural
heritage often becomes a
unifying symbol of identity
 It can also be deliberately
exploited for political purposes.
 Values accorded to a building
may change over time.
 May be affected by societal
changes
 May also be attributed by people
who have never seen or
experienced
 The knowledge value of an
ancient site has an impact on
learning across the world and not
solely to the archaeological
community or those visiting the
site.
Values accorded to Cultural Heritage:
 Historic
 Architectural
 Aesthetic
 Rarity
 Archaeological
 Other values related to emotional,
symbolic and spiritual meanings
of a place.
Values-based approach:
 Recognition of a diverse range of
values responding to their needs
through appropriate
intervention and management.
 The role of conservation is to
preserve and, where appropriate,
enhance values.
Suggested steps:
 Consider the values of the
heritage resource
 Examine the character-defining
elements of these values
 Develop a statement of
significance
 discuss the context of the future
conservation plan, preservation,
restoration, and/or rehabilitation
 Strive for minimal intervention
 examine the environmental,
social, cultural and economic
aspects of the project
Values considered
 age and reality
 historical
 architectural
 artistic
 associative
 cultural
 economic
  educational
 scientific
 spiritual
Age and rarity
 The older a structure is the more
value is likely to be attached to it.
 Value may change over time
 Rarity can also relate to the
occurrence of a building type or
technique in an area where it is
not commonly found.
Historical – deals with past events,
personages, groups and associations,
trends and movements
Architectural – Exemplary qualities of
design and proportion
 Contribution to the architectural
style of period
 Definitive work of an architect
 Use of pioneering building
techniques, elements
Artistic – Linked to the quality of the
craftmanship or directly to artwork that is
integral to the building (murals)
Associative – association with an event
or personality in history
 May be interpreted diffirently by
opposing sudes in such event
Cultural – buildings speak of various
aspects of its period, such as lifestyles,
crafts, technology, etc.
Educational – may teach us about
period of history, a past way of life,
social relations, construction techniques.
Spiritual – intimately related to the
beliefs and practices of faith; includes
indigenous traditions and mainstream
religions
Outstanding Universal Value
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
 Designated for having cultural,
historical, scientific or other forms
of significance
 May signify a remarkable
accomplishment of humanity and
serve as evidence of our
intellectual history on the planet
 Cultural and natural heritage
around the woeld considered to
be of outstanding universal value
to humanity
Outstanding – exceptional or
superlative ; most remarkable places
in Earth.
Universal – remarkable from a
global perspective, not only national
or regional
Significance – the importance,
relevance and meaning of heritage
recources to an individual or group of
people (individual, family, band,
community, province, region, country
or world)
 The significance of a building or
place of historic, architectural and
cultural importance is its most
defining value, the loss of which
will devalue its cultural
significance
Aesthetic Significance
 Visual merit or interest
 Exhibits sensual qualities that can
be judged against various ideals
including beauty,
 picturesquencess, evocativeness,
symbolism, expressiveness,
landmark presence among other
Architectural Significance
 demonstrates the principal
characteristics of architectural
planning, design, style,
decorative detailing or
construction technique of a
particular class of cultural places
Historical Significance
 Associated with an event phase,
movement, process, activity, way
of life, a person or group of
persons, which has made a
strong, influential contribution to
the evolution or development of
society
Scientific Significance
 Potential to reveal information
that will contribute significantly to
our understanding of the past
Methods of Heritage Conservation
Conservation – the process of retention
or reintroduction of use; retention
of associations and meanings;
maintenance, preservation,
restoration, reconstruction,
adaptation and interpretation or a
combination of more than one of
these.
Change - may be necessary to retain
cultural significance but is
undesirable where it reduces
cultural significance
 the amount of change to place
and its use should be guided by
the cultural significance of the
place and its appropriate
interpretation
 change which reduces cultural
significance should be reversible,
and be reversed when
circumstances permit
 demolition of significant fabric of
a place is generally not
acceptable. However, in some
cases minor demolition may be
appropriate as part of
conservation
Preservation – where the existing
condition constitutes evidence of cultural
significance or where insufficient
evidence is available to allow other
conservation processes to be carried out
Restoration and reconstruction –
reveal cultural significance aspects of
the place
 Restoration – appropriate only if
there is sufficient evidence of an
earlier state of the fabric
 Reconstruction - appropriate only
where a place is incomplete through
damage or alteration, and only
where there is sufficient evidence to
reproduce an earlier state of the
fabric
 in some cases, it may also be
appropriate as part of a use or
practice that retains the cultural
significance of the place.
Adaptation – acceptable only where the
adaptation has minimal impact on the
cultural significance of the place
 may involve additions to the
place, the introduction of new
 services or new use, or changes
to safeguard the place
 adaptive reuse
New Work – such as additions or other
changes to the place may be acceptable
where it;
 respects and does not distort or
obscure the cultural significance
of the place
 detract from its interpretation and
appreciation
 should be readily identifiable as
such, but must respect and have
minimal impact on the cultural
significance of the place
Retaining or reintroducing use – may
be appropriate and preferred forms of
conservation
 may require changes to
significant fabric, but they should
be minimized
 in some cases, this may involve
substantial new work
 significant associations between
people and a place, and the
significant meanings of a place ,
including spiritual values, respect,
retained, and not obscured
 opportunities for the
interpretation, commemoration
and celebration of these
associations and for the
continuation or revival of these
meanings should be investigated
and implemented
Interpretation – the cultural significance
of many places is not readily apparent
and should be explained by
interpretation.
 should enhance understanding
and engagement and be
culturally appropriate.
Principles of Conservation by Historic
England
1. the historic environment is a
shared resource.
2. everyone should be able to
participate in sustaining the
historic environment.
3. understanding the significance of
place is vital.
4. significant places should be
managed to sustain their values.
5. decisions about change should
be reasonable, transparent and
consistent.
6. documenting and learning from
decisions is essential.
Basic Conservation Principles by
National Historical Commission of the
PH
1. the least intervention is the best
conservation.
2. It is better to preserve than to
restore.
3. any form of restoration should
follow predetermined lines. It
must include criticism and
objectivity; it cannot vary
according to whoever carries it
out.
4. We do not restore the monument,
we restore the materials of the
monument
5. Restoration is not carried to
return the work of art to its
“primitive splendor”.
6. The principle of reversibility;
whatever added to, applied on, or
in the monument, must be able to
 be reversed or taken out in cases
of negative effects proven after
intervention.
7. Conservation is part of positive
development.
8. Restoration must never be an
imitation, a falsification or in
competition with the original.
9. Restoration should be more
utilitarian than romantic.
10. Restoration is not luxury, not
nostalgic, not masking.
Additionally, the NHCP adopted the
following documents:
 Venice Charter as guidelines on the
restoration and preservation of
monuments and historic sites.
 Washington Charter as guidelines
for the conservation of historic towns
and cites and to expand the
conservation viewpoint to a macro or
holistic approach.
Definition of Terms
Built Heritage – architectural and
engineering structures and their settings
and landscapes with notable historical.
Cultural Property – all products of
human creativity by which a people and
nation reveal their identity, wether public
or privately-owned, movable or
immovable and tangible or intangible.
Imprtant Cultural Property – having
exceptional cultural, artistic and
historical significance to the Philippines,
as shall be determined by the NM and/or
the NHCP.
Historical Landmarks – sites or
structures that are associated with
events or achievements significant to
Philippine history as declared by the
NHCP.
Historical Monuments – structures that
honor illustrious persons or
commemorate events of historical value
as declared by the NHCP.
Historical Shrine – historical sites or
structures hallowed and revered for their
history or association as declared by the
NHCP.
National Cultural Treasure
– a unique cultural property found
locally, possessing outstanding
historical, cultural, artistic and/or
scientific value which is highly significant
and important to the country and nation,
and officially declared as such by
pertinent cultural agency.
Categories of Cultural Property:
 National Cultural Treasures
 Important Cultural Property
 World Heritage Sites
 National Historical Shrine
 National Historical Monument
 National Historical Landmark
Qualifications:
 Works by Manlilikha ng Bayan
 Works by a National Artist
 Archaeological and Traditional
Ethnographic materials
 Works of National Heroes
 Marked Structure
 Structures dating atleast 50 years
old
 Archival material/document
dating at least 50 years old
Immovable National Cultural
Treasures – a declared structures shall
not be relocated, rebuilt, defaced or
otherwise changed in a manner, which
would destroy the property’s dignity and
authenticity, except to save such
property from destruction due to natural
causes. ; the site referred to in this
provision may only be moved after
securing a permit from the commission.
Privileges of NCTs and NHLs:
 Priority government funding for
protection, conservation and
restoration
 Incentives for private support of
conservation and restoration
through the Commission’s
Conservation Incentive Program
for National Cultural Treasures
 An official Heritage Marker placed
by the cultural agency concerned
indicating that the immovable
cultural property has been
identified as national cultural
treasures: and/or national
historical landmarks, sites or
monuments.
 Armed conflicts or natural
disasters and other exceptional
events shall be given priority
protection by the government.
 All cultural propterties declared
as important cultural property,
may also receive government
funding for its protection,
conservation and restoration.
Heritage Zone - historical,
anthropological, archaeological, artistic
geographical areas and settings that are
culturally significant to the country, as
declared by the NM and/or the NHCP.
- Designated by NHCP and NM in
consultation with the NCCA and
the DHSUD
- Maintained by the LGU
HERITAGE RESOURCES STUDIES
WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION
Three Formal Advisory Bodies:
 ICOMOS
 ICCROM
 International
Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN)
INTERNATIONAL CHARTERS
ATHENS CHARTER
 The Restoration of Historic
Monuments
 A 7-point manifesto adopted at
the First International Congress
of Architects and Technicians of
Historic Monuments in 1931
7 Main Resolutions:
1. International organizations for
Restorations on operational and
advisory levels are to be be
established.
2. Proposed Restoration projects
are to be subjected to
knowledgeable criticism to
prevent mistakes that causes to
lose character and historical
values of the structures.
3. Problems of preservation of
historic sites are to be solved by
legislation at national level for all
countries.
4. Excavated sites which are not
subject to immediate restoration
should be reburied for protection.
 5. Modern techniques and materials
may be used in restoration work.
6. Historical sites are to be given
strict custodial protection.
7. Attention should be given to the
protection of areas surrounding
Definitions:
historic sites.
VENICE CHARTER
 Guidelines for architectural
restoration including the urban or
rural setting, emphasis was laid
on the necessity to respect and
maintain authenticity of historic
monuments as well as to
safeguard them in appropriate
use.
HERITAGE RESOURCES STUDIES
Cultural & Heritage Diversity:
NARA DOCUMENT ON
AUTHENTICITY
 Drafted during the Nara
Condifence held in Nara, Japan
in November 1994
 Organized by the Japanese
government jointly with UNESCO,
ICCROM and ICOMOS.
 “authenticity is an essential
element in defining, assessing
and monitoring cultural heritage
 The document underscores the
importance of considering the
cultural and social values of all
societies.
 Respects other cultures, values
and the tangible and intangible
expressions that form part of the
heritage of every culture. There is
no fixed criteria on authenticity of
cultural property, rather it must be
evaluated within the cultural
context where it belongs.
 Calls for adherence to the
principles and responsibilities
imposed by international charters.
 Conservation – all operations
designed to understand a
property, known its history and
meaning, ensure its material,
safeguard and, and if required, its
restoration and enhancement.
 Information sources – all
physical, written, oral and
figurative sources which make it
possible to know the nature,
specificities, meaning and history
of the cultural heritage.
 An irreplaceable source of
spiritual and intellectual richness
for all humankind. The protection
and enhancement of cultural and
heritage diversity in our world
should be actively promoted as
an essential aspect of human
development.
 Exists in time and space,
demands resptect for other
cultures and all aspects of their
belief systems. In cases where
cultural values appear to be in
conflict, respect for cultural
diversity demans
acknowledgement of the
legitimacy of the cultural values of
all parties.
 All cultures and societies are
rooted in the particular forms and
means of tangible and intangible
expression which constitute their
 heritage and these should be
respected.
 It is important to underlind a
fundamental principle of
UNESCO, to the effect that the
cultural heritage of each is the
cultural heritage of all. In addition
to these responsibilities,
adherence to the international
charters and conventions
developed for conservation of
cultural heritage also obliges
consideration of the principles
and responsibilities flowing from
them.
Values and Authenticity:
 Conservation of cultural heritage
in all its forms and historical
periods is rooted in the values
attributed to the heritage.
Knowledge and understanding of
these sources of information, in
relation to original and
subsequent characteristics of the
cultural heritage, and their
meaning is a requisite basis for
assessing all aspects of
authenticity.
 The understanding of authenticity
plays a fundamental role in all
scientific studies of the cultural
heritage and in conservation and
restoration planning, as well as
within the inscription procedures
used for the World Heritage
Convention and other cultural
heritage inventories.
 All judgements about values
attributed to cultural properties as
well as the credibility of related
information sources may differ
from culture to culture, and even
within the same culture.
 The highest importance and
urgency that within each culture,
recognition be accorded to the
specific nature of its heritage
values and the credibility and
truthfulness of related information
sources.
 Depending on the nature of the
cultural heritage, its cultural
context, and its evolution through
time, authenticity judgements
may be linked to the worth of a
great variety of sources of
information. Aspects of source
may include: form, design,
materials and substance.
Progressive Authenticities:
 Introduce during the Nara
Conference
 The layers of history that a
cultural property has acquired
through time are being
considered authentic attributes of
that cultural property; has been
confirmed
 “Authenticity is in practice never
absolute, always relative”
BURRA CHARTER
 Australia ICOMOS Charter for
Places of Cultural Significance
 Adopted by ICOMOS Australia in
1979
 Updated in 1999, and again in
2013
 The charter is particularly
significant for its definition of
cultural significance and the
standard it outlines for using
 cultural significance to manage
and conserve cultural sites.
 It provides an example of how
international principiles can be
adopted to the values and needs
of a particular nation or particular
cultural groups within the nation.
MANAGING HERITAGE SITE
SELECTION
World Heritage Site Selection:
 Site must be of outstanding
universal value and meet atleast
one out of ten selection criteria.
 These criteria are explained in
the Opertational Guidelines for
the Implementation of the World
Heritage Convention.
 Until the end of 2004, World
Heritage Sites were selected
bases on six cultural and four
natural criteria.
 Since the revised guidelines were
published, only 1 set of 10 criteria
exists.
Selection Criteria
1. To represent a masterpiece of
human creative genius
2. To exhibit an important
interchange of human values,
over a span of time or within a
cultural area of the world
3. To bear a unique or at least
exceptional testimony to a
cultural tradition or to a civilization
which is living or which has
disappeared.
4. To be an outstanding example of
a type of building, architectural or
technological ensemble or
landscape which illustrates
significant stages in human
history
5. To be an outstanding example of
a tradition human settlement,
land-use, or sea-use which is
representative of a culture,
human interaction with the
environment especially when it
has become vulnerable under the
impact of irreversible change.
6. To be directly or tangibly
associated with events or living
traditions, with ideas or with
beliefs, with artistic and literary
works of outstanding universal
significance.
7. To contain superlative natural
phenomena or areas of
exceptional natural beauty and
aesthetic importance.
8. To be outstanding examples
representing major stafes of
earth’s history, including the
record of life, significant ongoing
geological processes in the
development of landforms, or
significant geomorphic or
physiographic features.
9. To be outstanding examples
representing significant on-going
ecological and biological
processes in the evolution and
development of marine
ecosystems and communities of
plants and animals.
10. To contain the most important
and significant natural habitants
for in-situ conservation of
biological diversity including
those containing threatened
species of outstanding universal
value from the pov of science and
conservation.
 BAROQUE CHURCHES OF THE
PHILIPPINES
 San Agustin Church (Manila)
 Sta. Maria Chuch (Ilocos Sur)
 Paoay Church (Ilocos Norte)
 Mlagao Church (Iloilo)
TUBBATAHA REEFS NATURAL
PARK, Sulu Sea
RICE TERRACES OF THE PHILIPPINE
CORDILLERAS, Province of Ifugao
(Municipalities of Banaue, Mayoyao,
Hungdan and Kiangan)
HISTORIC OF VIGAN CITY Vigan,
Ilocos Sur
PUERTO PRINCESA
SUBTERRANEAN RIVER NATIONAL
PARK Province of Palawan
MOUNT HAMIGUITAN RANGE
WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Province of
Davao Oriental (Municipality of San
Isidro, Municipality of Gov. Generoso
and the City of Mati)
MANAGING NATIONAL HERITAGE
National Historial PH is responsible for
the conservation and preservation of PH
historical legacies.
Declaration Process:
Identification → Qualification →
Classification
Identification Criteria:
 Strong association with important
historical events, heroes and
illustrious Filipinos whose
distinctive historic contribution
endures.
 Bearing strong foreign historical
or period influences and those
that provide strong evidence of
historical relations with other
countries.
 Sites of first establishment in the
PH
 Groups of clusters of buildings or
structures whose historic
importance is seen in the entirely
of the setting rather than in its
individual elements or
characteristics.
Qualification Criteria:
A site of structure proposed for NHCP
recognition must:
 Possess demonstrable historical
significance
 Be atleast 50 years of age
 Must be 70% authentic
Classification:
Level I → declaration of historic sites or
structure and installation of a marker
Level II → installation of a historical
marker
Recognition of Level II:
 Installation of a historical marker
in a historic site/structure that is
NOT declared a heritage
zone/center, national cultural
treasure, shrine, monument or
memorial, or historical landmark,
but nonetheless has some
historical significance.
 May be elevated to level I
recognition pending further
research and re-evaluation.
Process:
May be initiated by any of the ff: Cultural Mapping – an approach used
too identify, record and use cultural
 NHCP
resources and activities for building
 Another government unit/agency communities. (Cook and Taylor 2013)
 Private owner of the subject
property - A process of collecting, recording,
 Concerned citizen, historical analyzing and syntehiszing
heritage or society or private information in order to describe
establishment the cultural resources, networks,
 NHCP shall conduct field and links and patterns of usage of a
archival research on site/structure given community. (Sten Hagen,
being considered. Tourism Minister, Canada)
 Submit a recommendation to the - A mode if inquiry and a
NHCP Board methodological tool that aims to
make visible the ways local
 Recognition of the ff:
stories, practices, relationships,
- Upgrading (or downgrading) the
memories and rituals constitute
level of recognition.
places as meaningful locations
- Reclassifying a registered
- Enables people to:
site/structure.
- Understand and share culture
- Registering a site/structure
- Rethink history
declared by the National Museum
- Promote creativity and
as an important cultural property
development
or national cultural treasure,
provided its historical significance
is demonstrated.
Ground for Delisting:
 New evidence and substantial
proof that the subject site or
structure does not merit the
historical significance and
recognition given it.
 New evidence and solid proof
that points to another site or
structure instead of the subject
 Misrepresentation by the owner 2 Branches of Cultural Mapping:
or custodian of the site
 Damage and degradation of the CULTURAL ASSETS
registered site or structure so  Identification and documentation
severe as to diminish its historical of tangible and intangible assets
significance or overall ambience of a cultural resource of asset
and restoration is found to be mapping
untenable.
  Tends to emphasize the
documentation of information
CULTURALLY SENSITIVE
HUMANISTIC APPROACH
 Articulation of “sense of place”,
people-place meanings and
distinctive elements
 Tends to focus more on
participation and meaning
Some uses of Cultural Mapping:
 Increase knowledge and
appreciation
 Identify previously unknown
resources and activities
 Get a fresh perspective
 Gain objectivity and overview
 Identify networks and hubs
 Locate gaps, needs and overlaps
 Evaluate the distribution of
resources
 Evaluate projects
 See the present, look to the
future
 Cultural planning
Importance of Local Cultural
Mapping:
 Recognize the vastness of
cultural properties that exist
 Organize and Communicate
info on culture and heritage
 Identify the distinct cultural
resources of their community
 Record or document a heritage
resource for future reference
 Generate interest on heritage
resources
 Lead to establishment of
heritage conservation councils
 Develop policies and guidelines
it can mobilize the community to
conserve and safeguard their shared
cultural resources and heritage
Process:
1. Information gathered (Data fields,
content)
2. Stages and Timeline
Stage 1: Planning – determines
objective with the community and
identifies the assemble mapping
resources (human, financial or
technical)
Stage 2: Project Design –
designs the inventory and drafts
survey questionnaires and
interview questions. Set interim
and final deadlines
Stage 3: Implementation –
public announcement, broad-
based research, targeted-
research, assembles inventory
and takes stock
Stage 4: Synthesis – roughing
out the map, analyzes the results,
interpret the results and check
with the community
Stage 5: Finalizing the Map –
speaks to different audiences
Stage 6: Going Public –
previews and present the results
to the target audience.
Research Methods:
Quantitative Research – explaining
phenomena by collecting numerical data
that are analuzed using math-based
methods (statistics).
  Ethnography – used by
anthropologists in the study of
culture. It documents routine daily
lives of people.
 Interview – the most common
qualitative method used in
cultural mapping. it is a
conversation between people,
wherein the researcher asks
pertinent questions related to the
topic
Qualitative Research – process of
understanding a social or human
problem based on building a complex,
holistic picture formed with words
reporting detailed views of informants
and conducting natural setting.