LECTURE 01

Prepared by:

PHILIPPINES
Ar. JM de Olazo
Ar. Kao Hilario
Ar. RB Biando
 CULTURE

“ Culture as the set of distinctive spiritual,

material, intellectual and emotional features
of society or a social group, that encompasses,
not only art and literature, but lifestyles, ways
of living together, value systems, traditions and

”
beliefs
 HERITAGE

“ Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we

live with today, and what we pass on to future
generations, Our cultural and natural
heritage are both irreplaceable sources of

”
life and inspiration
 HERITAGE

Heritage
/ˈher.ɪ.tɪ̬ dʒ/
noun
features belonging to the culture of a
particular society, such as traditions, languages,
or buildings, that were created in the past and
still have historical importance:
 CULTURAL HERITAGE

“ that is
physical artifacts and
…is the legacy of
intangible attributes of a group or society
inherited from past

”
generations.
 CULTURAL PROPERTY

“ all products of human

…shall refer to
creativity by which a people and a
nation reveal their identity, whether

”
public or privately-owned, movable or
immovable and tangible or intangible.
CULTURAL HERITAGE

TYPES OF
CULTURAL
HERITAGE
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

Tangible cultural heritage refers to the totality

of cultural property with

historical, archival, anthropological,

archaeological, artistic and
architectural value
with exceptional or traditional production
whether of Philippine origin or not, including
antiques and natural history specimens with
significant value.
 A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

Two Groups of Tangible cultural heritage:

• Tangible Movable Heritage • Tangible Immovable Heritage

books, documents, moveable artworks,
machines, clothing, instruments,
weaponry, religious items and other
artifacts, that are considered worthy of
preservation for the future.
includes building so (which themselves may
include installed art such as organs, stained
glass windows, and frescos), large industrial
installations, residential projects or other
historic places and monuments.
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

MANUNGGUL JAR (BURIAL JAR) WAIST CORD WEIGHTS

890-710 BCE, 66.5 cm (26.2 in); 51 cm diameter (20 in), Set of 2 Ca. 10th –13th Century Surigao Treasure Bangko
National Museum of Anthropology, Manila Sentral ng Pilipinas Collection
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

GOLDEN TARA SANTO NIÑO DE CEBU

1000 - 1300 BCE, 178 mm (7.0 in), 2 kg (4.4 lb), Wooden statue, April 21, 1521
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA Basilica Minore del Santo Niño, Cebu
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

BOXER CODEX MANG AMBO

Front page of the codex, c. 1595 Popular komiks character by N.A. Larry Alcala
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

DALAGANG BUKID SARIMANOK

by N.A. Fernando C. Amorsolo by N.A. Abdulmari Asia Imao
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

TOROGAN
The traditional residence and office of the reigning Sultan of the Maranao people and immediate members of his family
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

ARQUITECTURA MESTIZA IN CEBU

with its Coral stones typical to Visayas.
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

IGLESIA DE SAN AGUSTÍN DE PAOAY

Paoay, Ilocos Norte, National Cultural Treasure, UNESCO World Heritage Site
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

FORT SANTIAGO GATE CALLE CRISOLOGO

Intramuros, Manila Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
A. Tangible Cultural Heritage

JOSE RIZAL MONUMENT ANDRES BONIFACIO MONUMENT

Luneta Park, Manila Caloocan City
by Richard Kissling by N.A. Guillermo E. Tolentino
b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible cultural heritage includes traditions or

living expressions inherited from our ancestors
and passed on to our descendants.
b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Oral
Traditions
5
Domains
Performing
Arts

p h
Social practices, Knowledge and Knowledge and
rituals, festive practices concerning skills to produce
events nature and the universe traditional crafts
b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Oral Traditions: Mga Alamat at Kwentong Bayan

b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Performing Arts: Singkil

b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Social practices, rituals, festive events: Obando Fertility Dance

b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe:

Practice of Albularyo, hilot and herbal medicine
b. Intangible Cultural Heritage

Knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts: Group of Igorot Pottery Makers
c. Natural Heritage

Natural heritage is also an important

part of a society's heritage,
encompassing the countryside and
natural environment,

including flora and fauna,

scientifically known as biodiversity, as
well as geological elements (including
mineralogical, geomorphological,
paleontological, etc.), scientifically
known as geodiversity.
c. Natural Heritage

TUBBATAHA REEF MARINE PARK

UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1993
c. Natural Heritage

The BANAUE RICE TERRACES of Ifugao

UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1995
c. Natural Heritage

PUERTO PRINCESA SUBTERRANEAN RIVER NATIONAL PARK

UNESCO World Heritage Site, 1999
c. Natural Heritage

“WALING-WALING” “CORPSE FLOWER”

(Vanda sanderiana) (Rafflesia arnoldii)
c. Natural Heritage

“TAMARAW”
(Bubalus mindorensis)
c. Natural Heritage

“HARIBON”, The Philippine Eagle

(Pithecophaga jefferyi)
HERITAGE CONSERVATION

“ Measures taken to extend the life of cultural

heritage while strengthening transmission of
its significant heritage messages and

”
values.
 HERITAGE CONSERVATION
Mechanical Artists
Engineers Architects
Craftsmen
Structural
Engineers What is Sanitary

People Heritage Engineers

Electrical Conservation? Material

Engineers
Engineers
Chemists Historians Interior
Archeologists Designers
YOU! Government
HERITAGE CONSERVATION
 What are we conserving?

Visual Arts
Natural Resources
Built Environment
Performing Arts

Literature Beliefs
Crafts Traditions
 Why Conserve?

“ It embodies or reflects the architectural,

artistic, historical, economic, social,
political, and spiritual character of the

”
people who produced it.
 Benefits of Conservation

“
Structure with special historic, cultural or architectural
significance enhances the quality of life for all.

Not only do these structures and their workmanship

represent the lessons of the past and embody previous
features of one’s heritage, they serve as examples of

”
quality for today... enhancing perhaps developing for
the first time- the quality of life for the people.
- Justice William Brennan
HERITAGE CYCLE
HERITAGE CONSERVATION
(World Heritage Movement)
 WORLD HERITAGE MOVEMENTS
Athens Conference (1931)
International Code of Practice for Conservation
Venice Charter (1964)
International Charter for the Conservation of
Monuments and Sites
Resolution of the Symposium on the Introduction of
Contemporary Architecture into Ancient Groups of
Buildings (1972)
Stresses the need for appropriate use of mass, scale,
rhythm and appearance, and the avoidance of
imitation.
Resolution on the Conservation of Smaller Towns
(1975).
Declaration of Amsterdam (1975)
The importance of integrating conservation of the
architectural heritage into the urban and regional
planning process is identified as one of the most
important factors.
The Charter on Cultural Tourism (1976)
Considers the positive and negative effects of cultural
tourism on historic monuments and sites.
Burra Charter (1981)
The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of
Places of Cultural Significance
 WORLD HERITAGE MOVEMENTS
Florence Charter on Historic Gardens (1982)
Provides a definition of the term historic garden and
the architectural compositions that constitute the
historic landscape.
The Appleton Charter (1983)
The Protection and Enhancement of the Built
Environment
The Washington Charter on the Conservation of
Historic Towns and Areas (1987)
Principles for the planning and protection of historic
urban areas.
Charter for the Protection and Management of the
Archaeological Heritage (1990)
Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)
It addresses the need for a broader understanding of
cultural diversity and cultural heritage as it relates to
the conservation.
Hoi An Protocol (2009)
Best Conservation Practice in Asia: Professional
Guidelines for Assuring and Preserving the Authenticity
of Heritage Sites in the Context of the Cultures of Asia
AGENCIES OF CULTURE & ARTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
 HERITAGE CONSERVATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4846
Cultural Properties Preservation and
Protection Act
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 105
January 24, 1973
Declaring National Shrines As Sacred
(Hallowed) Places And Prohibiting
Desecration Thereof
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 260
Declaring National Cultural Treasures,
National Shrines, Monuments and/or
Landmarks
REPUBLIC ACT 10066 of 2009
Philippine Cultural Heritage Act
 Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
PROTECTION RESTORATION
shielding from elements that cause decay and bringing back to the original state - ”Anastylosis”
deterioration
RECONSTRUCTION
PRESERVATION total rebuilding of the original
keeping in the current state
REDEVELOPMENT
REHABILITATION adding interventions that complement the
repairing damage, upgrading, and retrofitting original

CONSOLIDATION ADAPTIVE REUSE

Physical addition or application of adhesive or assuming a new function while retaining original
supportive materials character and form
Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
PROTECTION
shielding from elements that cause
decay and deterioration

Daraga Church, Albay

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
PROTECTION
shielding from elements that cause
decay and deterioration

Ossuary, Paco Park, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
PRESERVATION
keeping in the current state

The Ruins, Talisay, Negros Occidental

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
REHABILITATION
repairing damage, upgrading, and retrofitting

The Jesuit House 1730, Cebu

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches

The Jesuit House 1730, Cebu

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
CONSOLIDATION
Physical addition or application of adhesive or supportive materials

Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
RESTORATION
bringing back to the original state - ”Anastylosis”

Metropolitan Theatre, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches

Metropolitan Theatre, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original

Ayuntamiento de Manila, Intramuros, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original

Ayuntamiento de Manila, Intramuros, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
RECONSTRUCTION
total rebuilding of the original

Ayuntamiento de Manila, Intramuros, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
REDEVELOPMENT
adding interventions that complement the original

National Museum of Natural History, Manila

Architectural Heritage
Conservation Approaches
ADAPTIVE REUSE
assuming a new function while retaining original character and form

PNR Tutuban Station, Manila

 RELOCATION?

Casa Byzantina, Binondo, Manila Casa Bulacan Casa Ladrillo

Casa Hagonoy Casa Binan Casa Quiapo

Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar, Bataan
 REPLICATION?

Venice, Italy Venice Grand Canal Mall, Taguig City

REFERENCES:
REFERENCES:

Castañeda, Dominador. Art in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the

Philippines, 1964.

Coseteng, Alicia M.L. Spanish Churches in the Philippines. Manila:

Mercury Press, 1972.

Klassen, Winand. Architecture in the Philippines: Filipino Building in a

Cross-Cultural Context. Cebu City: University of San Carlos, 1986.

De Leon Jr., Felipe M. “The Architecture of the Philippines: A Survey.” In

Philippine Art and Literature, The Filipino Nation. Vol. III, Manila:

Zialcita, Fernando N. and Martin I. Tinio Jr. Philippine Ancestral Houses

1810-1930. Quezon City: GCF Books, 1980.

https://en.unesco.org/