JEE Challengers Advanced (2024) 18/11/2023

Gravitation
Single Correct Type Questions of this body from the sun. Take M as the mass of
1. A uniform ring of mass m and radius a is placed the sun.
directly above a uniform sphere of mass M and of
equal radius. The centre of the ring is at a distance
3a from the centre of the sphere. the
gravitational force exerted by the sphere on the
ring.
3 3GMm 3GMm
(A) (B)
2a 2 8a 2
GM   2d 2v04  
3GMm GMm (A) 1 + 2 2  − 1
(C) (D) 2v02   G M  
8a 2 6a2 

GM   d 2v4  
2. Figure shows two uniform rods of mass M and (B) 1 + 2 02  − 1
v02   G M  
length l placed on two perpendicular lines. A 

GM   2d 2v04  
small point mass m is placed on the point of
intersection of the two lines. Find the net (C) 1 − 2 2  − 1
2v02   G M  
gravitational force experienced by m. 

GM   d 2v04  
(D) 1 + 2 2  − 1
2v02   G M  


5. Satellite A is following a circular path of radius a

around the earth another satellite B follows an
elliptical path around the earth. The two satellites
4 2GMm 2 2GMm have same mechanical energy and their orbits
(A) (B)
3l 2 3l 2 intersect. Find the speed of satellite B at the point
GMm 8GMm where its path intersects with the circular orbit of
(C) (D) A. Take mass of earth to be M.
6l 2 3l 2

3. A particle of mass m was transferred from the

centre of the base of a uniform hemisphere of
mass M and radius R to infinity. What work was
performed in the process by the gravitational force
exerted on the particle by the hemisphere?
1 GMm GMm GM
(A) − (B) − (A)
2 R R a
2 GMm 3 GMm GM
(C) − (D) − (B)
3 R 2 R 2a
2GM
4. A cosmic body A moves towards the sun S with (C)
3a
velocity v0 when far from the sun and aiming
GM
along a line whose perpendicular distance from (D)
3a
the sun is d (figure). Find the minimum distance
6. A satellite of mass m is orbiting around the earth
(mass M, radius R) in a circular orbital of radius
4R. It starts losing energy slowly at a constant rate
dE
− =  due to friction. Find the time (t) in
dt
which the satellite will spiral down to the surface
of the earth. (A) The magnitude of the resultant gravitational
3GMm 3GMm force on this particle due to the sphere and
(A) (B)
4R 8R Gmm '( x − r )
the shell if r < x < 2r is .
GMm 8GMm r3
(C) (D)
2R 3R (B) The magnitude of the resultant gravitational
force on this particle due to the sphere and
7. A small asteroid is approaching a planet of mass Gmm '
the shell if 2r < x < 2R is
M and radius R from a large distance. Initially its ( x − r )2
velocity (u) is along a tangent to the surface of the (C) The magnitude of the resultant gravitational
planet. It falls on the surface making an angle of force on this particle due to the sphere and
30° with the vertical. Calculate u. GMm ' Gmm '
the shell if x < 2R is +
( x − R ) ( x − r )2
2

(D) The magnitude of the resultant gravitational

force on this particle due to the sphere and
GMm ' Gmm '
the shell if x < 2R is +
2( x − R) 2( x − r )
2 2

2GM GM 10. Inside a uniform sphere M and radius R, a cavity

(A) (B)
3R 2R of radius R/3 is made in the sphere as shown:
GM GM
(C) (D)
3R 4R

8. A spaceship approaches the moon (mass = M and

radius = R) along a parabolic path which is almost
tangential to its surface. At the moment of
maximum approach, the brake rocket is fired to
convert the spaceship into a satellite of the moon.
Find the change in speed.

(A)
GM
R
( 2 −1) (B)
GM
R
( )
3 −1
(A) Gravitational field inside the cavity is
uniform
(C)
GM
2R
( 2 −1) (D)
GM
2R
( )
3 −1 (B) Gravitational field inside the cavity is non-
uniform
(C) The escape velocity of a particle projected
Multiple Correct Type Questions
9. A solid sphere of mass m and radius r is placed 88GM
from point A is
inside a hollow thin spherical shell of mass W and 15R
radius R as shown in figure. A particle of mass m' (D) Escape velocity is defined for earth and
is placed on the line joining the two centres at a particle system only
distance x from the point of contact of the sphere
and the shell. 11. A solid sphere of uniform density and radius 4
units is located with its centre at the origin O.
Two spheres of equal radii 1 unit with their
 centres at A (– 2, 0, 0) and B (2, 0, 0) respectively
are taken out of the solid leaving behind cavities
as shown in figure. Then:
(A) The gravitational field due to this object at
origin is zero
(B) The gravitational field at the point B (2, 0, 0)
is zero
(C) The gravitational potential is the same at all
points on the circle y2 + z2 = 36
(D) The gravitational potential is the same at all
points on the circle y2 + z2 = 4
12. A body is projected up from the surface of the
earth with a velocity half the escape velocity at an
angle of 30° with the horizontal. Neglecting air
resistance and earth’s rotation, find
(A) The maximum height above the earth’s
surface to which the body will rise is
 7 −2
  R .
 6 
(B) The maximum height above the earth’s
surface to which the body will rise is
 5 −1 
  R .
 6 
(C) The body will move on elliptical path.
(D) The body will never hit the surface of earth.
Passage Type Questions
Passage
Supernova refers to the explosion of a massive star. The
material in the central case of such a star continues to
collapse under its own gravitational pull. If mass of the
core is less than 1.4 times the mass of sun, its collapse
finally results in a white dwarf star. However, if the core
has a mass greater than this, it could end up soon as a
neutron star and if its mass is more than about three solar
masses, the collapse may still continue till the star
becomes a very small object with an extremely high
value of density called a 'Black hole'. Escape speed for a
black hole is very large. The figure shows a black hole
of radius R and another concentric sphere of radius RS,
called the 'Schwarzschild Radius'. It is the critical radius
at which escape speed equals the speed of light c.
Nothing even the light, can escape from within the
sphere of Radius RS. So light from a black hole cannot
escape and hence the terminology 'black hole'. There has
been astronomical evidence of a small and massive
object at the centre of our galaxy the 'Milky way'.
Suppose that there is a particle at a distance about 6 light
years that orbits this massive object with an orbital speed
of about 2 × 105 m/s. Use the given data wherever
necessary and answer the questions that follow.
G = 6.67 × 10–11 N – m2/kg2, Solar mass M = 2 × 1030
kg, c = 3 × 108 m/s, 1 light year = 9.5 × 1015 m.
13. Mass (in kg) of the massive object at the centre of
the milky way galaxy is of the order:
(A) 1032 (B) 1037
(C) 1043 (D) 1029
14. Theories suggest that it is not possible for a single
star to have a mass of more than 50 solar masses.
The massive object at the centre of milky way
galaxy is most likely to be a :
(A) White dwarf (B) Neutron star
(C) Black hole (D) Single ordinary star
15. If mass of earth ME  6 × 1024 kg and its radius
RE = 6400 km, to what fraction of its presents
radius does the earth need to be compressed in
order to becomes a black hole?
(Given only the order of your answer)
(A) 10–4 (B) 10–9
(C) 10–7 (D) 10–14
 ANSWER KEY
1. (C) 9. (A, B, C)
2. (A) 10. (A)
3. (D) 11. (A, C, D)
4. (B) 12. (A, C)
5. (A) 13. (B)
6. (B) 14. (C)
7. (A) 15. (B)
8. (A)
 Hints and Solution
1. (C) 3M 2
= r dr
The gravitational field at any point on the ring due R3
to the sphere is equal to the field due to a single The potential dV at point O due to this strip
particle of mass M placed at the centre of the Gdm
sphere. Thus, the force on the ring due to the dV = −
r
sphere is also equal to the force on it by a particle
 3Mr 2dr 
of mass M placed at this point. By Newton's third G  
law it is equal to the force on the particle by the  R3  3GM
=− = − 3 rdr
ring. Now the gravitational field due to the ring at r R
a distance d = 3a a on its axis is given as Thus potential at O due to hemisphere is given by
integrating the above expression within proper
Gmd 3Gm
g= = limits as
( a2 +d )
2 3/2 8a2 3GM R
V0 =  dV = − 3  rdr
R 0
3 GM
=−
2 R
Thus potential energy of mass m placed at point O
is given as
Ui = mV0
3 GMm
=−
The force on sphere of mass M placed here is 2 R
F = mg We know potential energy of m at infinity Uf = 0
The work done in transferring m from centre of
3GMm
= hemisphere to infinity is given as
8a 2 W = U f − Ui
 3 GMm  3 GMm
2. (A) = 0−−  =−
Gravitational field at m due to both rods is 2g  2 R  2 R

 F= m ( 2g =) 2 2GMm
3l 2
4. (B)
Using angular momentum conservation
mv0d = mvmax rmin
3. (D) By energy conservation
To find the initial energy of system first we find 1 2 1 GMm
mv0 − 0 = mvmax2 −
gravitational potential due to hemisphere at its 2 2 rmin
centre. For this consider an elemental From equation,
hemispherical 2
 v d  2GM
v02 = 0  −
 rmin  rmin
 r v = v02d 2 − 2GMrmin
min2
2GM
 rmin
2
+ 2
rmin − d 2 = 0
v0
Shell of thickness dr at a distance r from the
2GM 4G 2 M 2
centre O of the hemisphere as shown in figure. −  + 4d 2
Let dm be the mass of the elementary strip. Then v02 v04
 rmin =
M  4r 2  2
=   dr 
1  4 3   2
R   GM   v4d 2  
2  3   rmin = 2   02 2 + 1 − 1
v0   G M 
 

5. (A) We know a particle follows a parabolic trajectory
At the point of intersection both the satellites have tangential to a planet when at the surface of planet
same PE. Since they have same mechanical it has escape velocity
energy, their KE will be same at the point of 2GM
intersection. ves =
R
6. (B) Now to transform it into a circular orbit its speed
GMm GMm should be decreased to orbital speed
Ei = − =− GM
2r 8R v0 =
GMm R
Ef = −
2r Thus change in speed is
Loss in energy v = ves − v0
GMm  GMm  3GMm
E = − − −
8R  2R 
=
8R =
GM
R
( 2 −1)
3GMm
t =
8R 9. (A, B, C)
3GMm At interior points gravitational force is only due to
t=
8R the sphere so we use
Gmm '( x − r )
(A) F =
7. (A) r3
Gmm '
(B) F =
( x − r )2
(C) At exterior points it is due to both sphere and
shell given as
GMm ' Gmm '
F= +
( x − R ) ( x − r )2
2

The velocity (V) makes 30° angle with the radius

(normal) near the surface. 10. (A)
Conservation of angular momentum (about centre Gravitational field inside the cavity is
O) 4
mVR sin 30° = muR E = Gr
3
 V = 2u ….(i)
Where ρ is mass density and r is separation
Energy Conservation
between centre of sphere and centre of cavity.
1 2 1 GMm
mu = mV 2 − Escape velocity at point at point A is given as
2 2 R 1 GMm G(M / 9)m
1 2 1 2 GM
2
mVesc − + =0
u = (2u) − 2 R (5R / 3)
2 2 R
3 2 GM 28 GM
 u =  Vesc =
2 R 15 R
2GM 11. (A, C, D)
u = By symmetry the gravitational field at center will
3R
be zero and the equation of circles given in
8. (A)
Fig. shows the corresponding situation options (C) and (D) are equipotential due to
symmetry.

12. (A, C)
(a) Escape velocity
2GM
V0 =
R
 Velocity of projection
 16R  256R 2 − 144R 2  4  7 
or, r = =   R
24  6 
h cannot be less then R hence,
 4+ 7   7 −2
h =   R − R =   R
 6   6 
 4− 7 
(b) From rmin = 
 6  R  R
1 2GM GM  
V0 = = … (i)
2 R 2R Hence, the body will move on elliptical path but it
When R = radius of earth, M = Mass of earth will hit the surface of earth at some point.
At the point where the body is farthest & nearest
to earth’s centre, its velocity is ⊥r to the position 13. (B)
vector with respect to earth’s centre. From the data given in orbital speed
 Angular momentum when it is farthest/ nearest v = 2 × 105 m/s
to earth's centre is = mVr mv 2 GMm
Where r = distance from centre = 2
r r
V = velocity at farthest/nearest point Where M is mass of the massive object and m is
Angular momentum of body (about O) at the time mas of particle.
of projection is
rv2
3 M =
mV0 cos30 R = mRV0 G
2
6.9.5 1015  4 1010
Since Angular momentum is conserved 1037 kg (order)
3 6.67 10−11
mVr = mRV0
2
14. (C)
3
 Vr = RV0 Mass of the object
 107  50
2 Mass of sun
V =
3 RV0  It is a black hole
2 r
From conservation of energy 15. (B)
1 GMm 1 GMm 2GM
mV02 − = mV 2 − EEH =
2 R 2 r c2
2  6.67 10−11  6 1024
2
2GM 3 R 2 2GM
or, V02 − = V0 −  10−3
R 4 r2
GM 2GM 3 R GM 2GM 2
r
(3 10 )
8 2

Using (i) − = −
2R R 4 r 2 2R r 10−3
 Radius compression factor =  10−9

1 2 3R 2
− = − 6400 103

2R R 8 r 2 r
−3 3R − 16r
 =
2R 8r 2
12r 2 −16Rr + 3R2 = 0

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