Pak Studies Notes

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Two Nation Theory

The Two-Nation Theory suggests that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct
nations in the subcontinent, with different ways of life and beliefs, and despite
living together for centuries, they cannot integrate. This theory led to the
establishment of Pakistan, an independent state for Muslims in India, based on
Islamic principles. The theory's origin dates back to the arrival of Muslims in the
subcontinent and their conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim in 712. The
Ghaznavid period and the Mughal Empire deepened the impact of Islamic
civilization in the region.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first person to declare Muslims a separate nation
after the British occupation of India. He realized that Hindus could never be
friends with Muslims after the war of Independence 1857. He started his struggle
for Muslim development in education and politics and established M.A.O High
School and College. He protected the political rights of Muslims by forbidding
them from joining Congress and paved the way for their political development by
founding the Muhammadan Educational Conference.
Ch. Rahmat Ali, a student of Islamia College Lahore, founded the Pakistan
National Movement in London in 1933. He explained the Two Nation Theory,
stating that Hindus and Muslims are two major nations in the subcontinent, with
different ways of living, and the concept of a common nationality could not
develop between them. He introduced the word "Pakistan" to other nations,
gaining support for the movement.