Research-Investigation Report

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING - Civil Engineering Department
CE 312: CE Laws, Ethics and Contracts
THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING:

RESEARCH INVESTIGATION
GROUP 3
MEMBERS
Abayan, Abram Nathaniel
Butic, Lenih Jade
Cacho, Sophia Nicole
Centeno, John Angelo
Dela Cruz, Diana Elizabeth
Dimaano, Keith Weinsleth
Dizon, Kian Shane
Lucas, Jhoanna
Refe, Allen Justine
Engr. Erish Domingo

Subject Professor
Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

1
Introduction
Engineering consultants offer a wide range of engineering services, but some of
them specialize in particular engineering fields, such as structural, geotechnical, and
environmental engineering. Generally speaking, the need for engineering services
depends on the project's type and the owner's capabilities. Engineering services provided
by a consultant add value to the project and improve its quality. Furthermore, it is crucial for
the owner to have a comprehensive understanding of the types of services that can be
rendered in order to build a service scope that will effectively serve the project.
Therefore, for a project to be successful, the owner and consultant should communicate
the scope of engineering services. The following sections cover in depth the various
engineering services that consultants may offer.
Services Provided by Engineering Consultants in Construction

These services deal primarily with collecting, interpreting, and reporting
information, together with formulating conclusions and making recommendations. The
typical services in this category are the following:
1. Preliminary and Feasibility Investigations and Reports
2. Planning Studies
3. Appraisals, Valuation, and Rate Studies
4. Assistance in Financial Matters
5. Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests
6. Direct Personal Services
7. Research and Development
8. Special Services
Preliminary and Feasibility Investigations and Reports

These services usually precede the authorization of a capital project and may
involve extensive investigations, analyses of conditions, and comparison of possible
plans. The following factors must be taken into consideration as basis for making
conclusions and recommendations regarding the possibility of executing a project:
a. Environmental impact of the project - Effect of the project on the environment.
b. Sustainable development - Economic development which does not deplete natural
resources.

2
c. Operating costs - Also called Operational costs, they are the expenses related to
business operation, or to the operation of a device, component, piece of
equipment or facility. They are the cost of resources to maintain its existence.
d. Life-cycle costs - The total cost - recurring and one-time (non-recurring) - over
the full life span or a specified period of a structure or system. It includes
purchase price, installation cost, operating costs, maintenance and upgrade costs,
and remaining (residual or salvage) value at the end of ownership or its useful
life.
e. Financing considerations – Choosing between financing methods
- Payment terms
- Total cost
- Length of arrangement
- Associated costs
- Requirements of the lender or investor
f. Expected revenues – The amount projected to be collected during an accounting
period
Planning Studies
This service may include the broad areas of developing the engineering
requirements of masterplans for long-range capital improvement programs, preparation of
preliminary engineering of land development plans, urban plans, and regional plans, and
investigation of environmental conditions and preparation of environmental impact
studies with subsequent engineering planning to improve or maintain exiting condition.
Capital Improvement Planning Cycle

The Long-Range capital improvement planning (CIP) Strategic Plan is part of a
larger Capital Improvement Program planning cycle a continuous process of planning,
funding and implementation that generally includes six phases.

3
Capital Needs Identification and Planning
Departments lead the effort to identify future capital needs by taking into account
priorities related to urgent needs, capital renewal, service demands, City Council policy
and planning documents. Potential capital improvement projects are prioritized and
filtered to develop feasible projects that meet community needs.
Long Range CIP Strategic Plan
The Long-Range CIP Strategic Plan communicates the City’s priority future
capital improvement needs. The Long-Range CIP Strategic Plan is a bridge between the
Capital Improvement Program and recommendations expressed in long-range plans such
as Imagine Austin, infrastructure master plans, and small area plans.
Identify Funding
Once departments identify and prioritize capital needs, they seek available
funding sources, such as ongoing capital improvement programs that have an existing
funding source, or other opportunities like grants, partnerships, or possible future bond
proposals. After the departments have identified at least partial funding for potential

4
COLLEGE
capital OF ENGINEERING
projects, they - Civil
submit the projects to Engineering
the Budget Department
Office to be included in the Five-
Year CIP Plan.
Five-Year CIP Plan

The Five-Year CIP Plan describes the City’s projected major capital
improvements over the next five years based on planned revenues, appropriations, and
spending. The Five-Year CIP Plan is produced by the Budget Office and functions as a
financial planning and budgeting tool that guides the annual development of the Capital
Budget.
Annual Capital Budget
City Council typically approves the Capital Budget each September as part of the
overall fiscal year budget process. The Capital Budget funds major improvements and
expansions to City facilities and infrastructure. The annual Capital Budget also provides
the needed additional appropriations to continue existing capital projects or begin new
projects each year.
Implement Projects and Programs
The city is continually planning, designing and constructing capital improvement
projects for the benefit of Austin citizens. Some projects may require years of planning
and construction, with incremental Capital Budget appropriations to fund the project or
program over many years. In other cases, projects may be completed in a shorter
timeframe. The Public Works Department is the City’s primary project delivery entity
and is responsible for capital project development, management, and implementation
through construction.
Development Process
To develop a plan for a plot of land, various specialists need to work together. This
requires them to follow pre-set goals as well as stringent rules and regulations.
Furthermore, they need to decide if they want to design from the outside in, if
intersections are a bad idea, if starting with street design might be a mistake, etc. Some of
the steps involved in the process include:
Site feasibility studies - the analysis of a property to see if it meets certain
criteria that make it a suitable location for development.
Site design, architectural drafting, planning & layout – It is a drawing used by
architects, engineers, urban planners, and landscape architects to show the existing and
proposed conditions of a specific area, usually a parcel of land that is being modified.

5
COLLEGE
Earthwork OF&ENGINEERING
grading - the work- Civil Engineering
of ensuring a levelDepartment
base, or one with a
specified slope, for a construction work such as a foundation
Parking design - Well-designed parking facilities are high-performing and

efficient—and ultimately, they support local communities and our planet, as well as
helping to drive profit.
Streetscape design, including highways and roads - To ensure that all users of
the transportation system, including pedestrians, bicyclists, transit users, children, older
individuals, and individuals with disabilities, are able to travel safely and conveniently on
and across federally funded streets and highways.
Floodplain analysis - provide flood risk reduction benefits by slowing runoff and
storing flood water.
Erosion control - the practice of preventing or controlling wind or water erosion
in agriculture, land development, coastal areas, river banks and construction.
Planning of sewage facility - It ensures that the water flows smoothly and does
not result in flooding.
Stormwater analysis, management & design - used throughout the world for
planning, analysis, and design related to stormwater runoff, combined and sanitary
sewers, and other drainage systems in urban areas.
Utility coordination – It helps all stakeholders in the construction process
mitigate utility risk by facilitating communication and information exchange early in the
project process.
Recreational sites & trail – It is part of an integrated resource management
setting. This means the land base is managed for multiple uses, including recreation.
During your visit, you can expect to encounter a number of different land-management
activities, making for a unique recreational experience.
Environmental Impact Consideration

Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is the assessment of the environmental
consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move
forward with the proposed action. The EIA process makes sure that environmental issues
are raised when a project or plan is first discussed and that all concerns are addressed as a
project gains momentum through to implementation.

6
COLLEGE
General Flow of OF ENGINEERING
the EIA Process - Civil Engineering Department
Screening often results in a categorization of the project and from this a decision is made
on whether or not a full EIA is to be carried out.
Scoping is the process of determining which are the most critical issues to study and will
involve community participation to some degree. It is at this early stage that EIA can
most strongly influence the outline proposal.
Detailed prediction and mitigation studies follow scoping and are carried out in parallel
with feasibility studies.
The main output report is called an Environmental Impact Statement, and contains a
detailed plan for managing and monitoring environmental impacts both during and after
implementation.
Finally, an audit of the EIA process is carried out some time after implementation. The
audit serves useful feedback and learning function.
Appraisals, Valuations, and Rate Values

These services include studying and analyzing current situations, evaluation of
capital and operating costs, overhead expenses, anticipating incomes for property
development of toll facilities, and studies to recommend application rate in the future.
Assistance in Financial Matters

Civil Engineers may be engaged by a client who is planning to issue bonds,
particularly revenue bonds, to finance a capital project. The scope of services may
include an evaluation of the capabilities of existing or proposed facilities to meet present
and projected future needs, statements of probable construction costs, and an estimated
annual revenue requirement, with a determination of appropriate rates to provide this
income.
For clients who intend to issue revenue bonds (Wikipedia: a special type of
municipal bond distinguished by its guarantee of repayment solely from revenues
generated by a specified revenue-generating entity), engineering services include:
1. Evaluation of the Capabilities of Facilities to Meet Needs
Why Conduct a Facilities Needs Assessment? Facility needs assessments are
conducted to ensure the work spaces that the organization’s staff use to provide service to

7
the COLLEGE
community OFare ENGINEERING
sufficient in terms- Civil Engineering
of workflow Department
efficiency, asset protection,
interdepartmental collaboration, equity, and safety.
What are the four steps in facilities planning?

1. Understand your goals. As we’ve mentioned, facility planning is about bringing business
goals in line with both current facilities and any planned expansions. So before any
planning actually takes place, the planning task force needs to identify what demands
are being placed on them from the business, coupled with the realities of their existing
facility.
2. Analyze and set benchmarks. Of course, planning doesn’t stop with simply
understanding your goals. You also need to understand how to actually make those
goals a reality.
3. Start planning. Once they understand both their goals and their benchmarks, they can
begin the actual work of creating their master plan. This is when the challenging work of
translating a facility plan into a business plan happens. It will look different, depending
on the business drivers for your organization. To plan properly, they should first
document their primary objectives, and then conduct a risk assessment of any plans.
This assessment should include cost analysis, which can be done using scenario reports.
2. Probable Construction Costs

What makes up construction cost? The Cost of Construction is on the minds of
contractors, real estate developers, and construction lenders alike. Many careers in
construction have construction costs as a major focus on their jobs. For example, project
managers hire or have a cost estimating professional on their team to measure and help
manage the expected cost of the construction project. For many owners and developers,
the accuracy of the cost estimation reports is vital for assessing a project’s financial risk
and how well their investment will perform in the long run.
Fundamental Factors of Construction Cost
a. Labor
b. Materials
c. Overhead and Profit
3. Annual Revenue Requirements

8
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Annual revenue is the amount of -money
Civil Engineering
a company makes Department
during a given 12-
month period from the sale of products and services. Annual revenue is total sales before
any deductions for the cost of the inventory you sold or business expenses. It may include
income from sales of products and services, interest from investments and earnings from
intangible assets, such as trademarks or intellectual capital. Income statements reflect
annual revenue at the top of the report, which is why people in finance often call it the
top line.
How to calculate annual revenue?

a. Using accounting software
b. Using sales logs - If you own a retail establishment or other business that makes
many small sales daily, you should have a sales log that shows daily cash, check
and card receipts.
c. Using paid invoices - An invoice payment is a payment that the customers make
to a business once the purchased goods or services are fulfilled.
d. Using bank deposits - Another way to calculate or double-check your annual
revenue is to look at your bank deposits. Be sure to deduct any deposits from
sources other than revenue, such as loan proceeds or transfers from other
accounts.
Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests

These services include the tests of materials and equipment under established
codes and standards, specialized examination of equipment and materials used in
construction and industry, and other inspections and monitoring required by a client.
Direct Personal Services

This includes services such as assistance in preparation for legal proceedings.
Appearances before courts or commissions to render expert opinions and conclusions,
and investigations of technical matters where specialized Civil engineering knowledge,
experience, and judgment is required.
What is a civil engineering expert witness?
A civil engineering expert witness is a professional who possesses specialized
knowledge and skills related to the design, construction, and maintenance of
infrastructure projects. They are typically called upon in legal proceedings to provide

9
COLLEGE
testimony OF ENGINEERING
and support - Civil
based on their expertise Engineering
in civil engineering,Department
construction methods,
and industry standards.
What is the role of a civil engineering expert witness?
A civil engineering expert witness provides testimony on matters related to civil
engineering projects, including design, construction, and maintenance of infrastructure
such as roads, bridges, and water systems.
What are the qualifications of a civil engineering expert witness?

A civil engineering expert witness should possess advanced knowledge of
engineering principles and be able to apply it to civil engineering projects, such as roads,
bridges, and buildings, and provide opinions on issues such as design, construction, and
safety.
In what type of cases might expert testimony be heard from a civil engineering
expert witness?
Expert testimony from a civil engineering expert witness may be heard in cases
involving construction defects, property damage, personal injury, and disputes over
design or construction standards.
Research Development
It involves activities that generate solutions & new products or even improve
existing ones. For civil engineering it applies to different engineering stages; at the
beginning of a project, during, or even once they produce the final output. As the industry
developed massively over the years, it’s not a surprise that many companies invest in
research and development to help resolve complex problems faced in the design and
construction process.
Civil Engineering especially deal with constructing, designing, and maintaining
our physical environment foundations and systems. Civil engineering is all about in-depth
research and development that is focused mainly in three things which are construction,
design, and maintenance.
Why is Research and Development (R&D) Important in Civil Engineering?
R&D is used gathering data, highlight risks, run preliminary test and conduct
feasibility studies, as well as support product development that ensure the safety and

10
COLLEGE
quality OF ENGINEERING
project. The key benefit of R&D- Civil Engineering
is to create Department
new & innovative products and
services.
As we know research is important because it helps you to know where to find
different types of information to solve engineering problems. As an engineer, you will be
required to research engineering guidelines, standards and other sources for us to prevent
engineering failures.
R&D innovation in engineering is often unnoticed and viewed as just day-to-day
business activity because in this industry that is full of invention, constantly bringing new
technologies to the forefront. Such technologies and process improve design methods,
efficiency, safety and performance. These advancements mostly qualify for R&D tax
credit funding. Receiving the fund can benefit the engineering industry by allowing
companies to re-invest in innovative solutions or fund new staff, encouraging a bright
future for the sector.
Examples of Research and Development with the Sector:
The common examples of R&D projects that are eligible for R&D funding, but not
limited to:
1. The development of new materials and combinations of materials
2. Use of automation to lower cost and speed up construction times.
3. Design & build of specialist machines or the modification of existing equipment
4. Creating, improving, or adapting existing construction methods, materials, and
design for projects
5. Solutions designed around sustainability, or low-impact development (LID)
6. Innovative wastewater technology development.
Special Services
Special engineering services are needed in almost all phases of project design and
construction. Studies, reports, and tasks beyond the essential engineering services which
are discussed in the above sections. These services can vary to suit the special needs of
the client and can include the following:
a. Value engineering – It is a systematic approach to providing necessary
functions with the project at the lowest cost.

11
COLLEGE
 AppraisalOFand ENGINEERING - Civil
valuation - An appraisal Engineering
is simply an estimateDepartment
or an opinion of a
properties current market worth considering what the market is responding to and
other factors. This is usually offered as the service by a real estate agency.
b. Load testing environmental evaluations – It is the part of planning that
inventory estimates the potential of human environment of alternative
solutions to resource problems.
c. Traffic engineering – it is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering
techniques to achieve safe and efficient movement of people and goods.
d. Forensic engineering for structural and other failures - It is a field of

engineering which involves the study of structure and determining the causes
of a failure of a structure.
e. Operational assistance
f. Materials process design
g. Pilot studies – It is defined as a small study to test research protocols, data
collection instruments, sample recruitment strategies and other research
techniques in preparation of large study.
h. Computer modeling
i. Safety engineering - The purpose of safety engineering is to control risk by
reducing or completing eliminating it. It is also to reduce the rate of failures
and if failure does occur it is not life threatening. Safety engineering usually
begins during the design of system or product development
j. Topographic, sounding, and boundary survey engineering
k. Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation
l. Permit and application services
m. Sales and marketing services

12

Research-Investigation Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Research-Investigation Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

CE 312: CE Laws, Ethics and Contracts

THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING:

Engr. Erish Domingo

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Services Provided by Engineering Consultants in Construction

Preliminary and Feasibility Investigations and Reports

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Capital Improvement Planning Cycle

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Capital Needs Identification and Planning

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Five-Year CIP Plan

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Parking design - Well-designed parking facilities are high-performing and

Environmental Impact Consideration

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Appraisals, Valuations, and Rate Values

Assistance in Financial Matters

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

What are the four steps in facilities planning?

2. Probable Construction Costs

3. Annual Revenue Requirements

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

How to calculate annual revenue?

Materials Engineering and Equipment Tests

Direct Personal Services

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

What are the qualifications of a civil engineering expert witness?

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

d. Forensic engineering for structural and other failures - It is a field of

Transforming Communities through Science and Technology

You might also like