Memory Card or RAM – the primary memory of the computer system.

Hard Disk Drive – permanent storage of Computer System.

CD/DVD ROM Drive – use for software installation.
SATA Data Connector – the data pathway between optical drive and HDD to the
Motherboard

1. 4 pins ATX power connector – supplies power to the CPU.

2. 20/24 pins ATX power Connector – supplies power to the Motherboard.
3. SATA Power Connector – supplies power to the SATA drives such Hard Disk Drives and
DVD ROM Drives.
Motherboard
1. Back Panel Connectors and Ports - Connectors and ports for connecting the computer
to external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2
ports etc.
2. PCI Slots - PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect. Slot for older expansion cards such
as sound cards, network cards, connector cards.
3. PCI Express x 1 (PCI-E 1) Slot - Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards,
network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA)
and certain low-end graphics cards.
4. PCI Express x 16 (PCI-E 16) Slot - Slot for modern or discrete graphic cards and high
bandwidth devices.
5. Northbridge - Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).
6. CPU Socket - A CPU socket is a mechanical connection that holds the CPU.
7. ATX Power Headers 4 Pins - connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit
which supplies power to the CPU.
8. Front Panel Connectors - Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED, hard
drive LED and front audio ports of a computer case.
9. CMOS Battery – CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) supplies power to
store BIOS settings and keep the real-time clock running.
10. Southbridge - Also known as the Input / Output Controller Hub (ICH). Chipset that
allows the CPU to communicate with PCI slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots (expansion cards),
SATA connectors (hard drives, optical drives), USB ports (USB devices), Ethernet ports
and on-board audio.
11. SATA Headers – SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment) Connects to modern
hard disk drives, solid state drives and optical drives for data transfer.
12. 20/24 Pins ATX Power Headers - Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a power
supply unit which supplies power to the motherboard.
13. CPU – (Central Processing Unit) The brain of the computer.
14. CMOS Battery Socket – hold the CMOS Battery.
15. BIOS – (Basic Input / Output System) BIOS's primary function is to handle the system
setup process including driver loading and operating system booting.