Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng.

‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬

Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE201 & WRE202

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:
Flexural formula, part 1
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Ph.D. C. E. from UK
Tuseday, 20-04-2021 1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Applied load

=0
Internal forces
R1 R2

Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Fig. 1 S.S beam 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Fig. 2 . Sections of internal forces in the beam

3
Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Fig. 3 Internal forces in the beam 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Introduction:
With bending moments along the axis of the member only, a beam is said to be in pure bending.
Normal stresses due to bending can be found for homogeneous materials having a plane of
symmetry in the y axis that follow Hooke's law.

In this chapter we derive the relations between the bending moment and the flexural stress it
causes. In deriving these relations, the following assumptions are made:

Tuseday, 20-04-2021
5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Assumptions:
1. Plane sections of the beam, originally plane, remain plane.
2. The material in the beam is homogeneous and obeys Hook’s law.
3. The moduli of elasticity for tension and the compression are equal.
4. The beam is initially straight and of constant cross section.
5. The plane of loading must contain a principal axis of the beam cross section
and the loads must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam.

See pages from 153 to 167 and from 177 to 184 in your textbook
Singer and Pytel
6
Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Fig. 4 . Deformations
7
Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

The plane containing fibers like ef is called the

neutral surface because such fibers remain
unchanged in length and hence carry no stress.
Neutral axis (N.A.): Is a line that passes through the centroid of
the cross-sectional area of the beam. At the N. A. the bending
stresses are equal to zero.

Consider the deformation of typical fiber gh located y from

the neutral surface.

𝛿 = ℎ𝑘 = 𝑦𝑑𝜃
𝛿 𝑦𝑑𝜃
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝜀 = =
𝐿 𝑒𝑓
Tuseday, 20-04-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝛿
𝑒𝑓 = 𝜌𝑑𝜃 , ∵ 𝜀 =
𝐿
ℎ𝑘 𝑦𝑑𝜃 𝑦
𝜀= = =
𝑒𝑓 𝜌𝑑𝜃 𝜌

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝒈𝒉,

𝑬
𝝈 = 𝑬𝜺 = 𝒚 (𝐚)
𝝆

Eq. (a) indicates that the stress in any fiber varies directly with its location y from the neutral
surface.
Tuseday, 20-04-2021 9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑑𝑀 = 𝑦 𝑑𝐹 = 𝑦𝜎 dA
𝐸 2
𝑑𝑀 = 𝑀 = ‫𝑦𝜌׬‬ dA
𝐸
𝑀= ‫׬‬ 𝑦2 dA
𝜌

Since ‫ 𝟐𝒚 ׬‬dA is defined as I, the moment of inertia about the reference axis, which here is the N.A. “equivalent to
the centroid axis.

𝐸
𝑀= 𝐼 (𝑏)
𝜌

Tuseday, 20-04-2021 10
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Tuseday, 20-04-2021 11
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑬 𝑬𝒚
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒂 , 𝝈 = 𝑬𝜺 = 𝒚⇒ 𝝆=
𝝆 𝝈
𝑬 𝑬𝑰
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒃 , 𝑴 = 𝑰 ⇒ 𝝆=
𝑴
𝝆
𝑬𝒚 𝑬𝑰 𝑴𝒚
∴ = ⇒⇒⇒ 𝝈= 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝝈 𝑴 𝑰

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈 = =
𝑰 𝑆
𝑰
𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑺 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
𝒄 Tuseday, 20-04-2021 12
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

෍ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎; ⇒ 𝑪 = 𝑻

𝟏 𝒃𝒉
𝑻 = 𝑪 = 𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒆. 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = ( 𝝈)( )
𝟐 𝟐
The force C & T act through the centroid of
the triangular load distribution at distance k
𝟐 𝟐 𝒉
from N. A. . Since k = 𝒄 = ( ).
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐

Equating bending moment to resisting moment, we have

𝟏 𝒃𝒉 𝟐𝒉 𝒃𝒉𝟐
𝑴 = 𝑴𝒓 = 𝑪𝒆 = 𝑻𝒆 ⇒ 𝑴= 𝝈 ( )= 𝝈 = 𝝈×𝑺
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
13
Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

14
Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Sign convention

15
Tuseday, 20-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:

Flexural formula, part 1
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Tuseday, 20-04-2021 16
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE201 & WRE202

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:
Flexural formula, part 2
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Ph.D. C. E. from UK
Tuseday, 27-04-2021 1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Applied load

=0
Internal forces
R1 R2

Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Fig. 1 S.S beam 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Fig. 2 . Sections of internal forces in the beam

3
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Fig. 3 Internal forces in the beam 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Introduction:
With bending moments along the axis of the member only, a beam is said to be in pure bending.
Normal stresses due to bending can be found for homogeneous materials having a plane of
symmetry in the y axis that follow Hooke's law.

In this chapter we derive the relations between the bending moment and the flexural stress it
causes. In deriving these relations, the following assumptions are made:

Tuseday, 27-04-2021
5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Assumptions:
1. Plane sections of the beam, originally plane, remain plane.
2. The material in the beam is homogeneous and obeys Hook’s law.
3. The moduli of elasticity for tension and the compression are equal.
4. The beam is initially straight and of constant cross section.
5. The plane of loading must contain a principal axis of the beam cross section
and the loads must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam.

See pages from 153 to 167 and from 177 to 184 in your textbook
Singer and Pytel
6
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Fig. 4 . Deformations
7
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

The plane containing fibers like ef is called the

neutral surface because such fibers remain
unchanged in length and hence carry no stress.
Neutral axis (N.A.): Is a line that passes through the centroid of
the cross-sectional area of the beam. At the N. A. the bending
stresses are equal to zero.

Consider the deformation of typical fiber gh located y from

the neutral surface.

𝛿 = ℎ𝑘 = 𝑦𝑑𝜃
𝛿 𝑦𝑑𝜃
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝜀 = =
𝐿 𝑒𝑓
Tuseday, 27-04-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝛿
𝑒𝑓 = 𝜌𝑑𝜃 , ∵ 𝜀 =
𝐿
ℎ𝑘 𝑦𝑑𝜃 𝑦
𝜀= = =
𝑒𝑓 𝜌𝑑𝜃 𝜌

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝜎 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝒈𝒉,

𝑬
𝝈 = 𝑬𝜺 = 𝒚 (𝐚)
𝝆

Eq. (a) indicates that the stress in any fiber varies directly with its location y from the neutral
surface.
Tuseday, 27-04-2021 9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑑𝑀 = 𝑦 𝑑𝐹 = 𝑦𝜎 dA
𝐸 2
𝑑𝑀 = 𝑀 = ‫𝑦𝜌׬‬ dA
𝐸
𝑀= ‫׬‬ 𝑦2 dA
𝜌

Since ‫ 𝟐𝒚 ׬‬dA is defined as I, the moment of inertia about the reference axis, which here is the N.A. “equivalent to
the centroid axis.

𝐸
𝑀= 𝐼 (𝑏)
𝜌

Tuseday, 27-04-2021 10
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Tuseday, 27-04-2021 11
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑬 𝑬𝒚
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒂 , 𝝈 = 𝑬𝜺 = 𝒚⇒ 𝝆=
𝝆 𝝈
𝑬 𝑬𝑰
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒃 , 𝑴 = 𝑰 ⇒ 𝝆=
𝑴
𝝆
𝑬𝒚 𝑬𝑰 𝑴𝒚
∴ = ⇒⇒⇒ 𝝈= 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝝈 𝑴 𝑰

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈 = =
𝑰 𝑆
𝑰
𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑺 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
𝒄 Tuseday, 27-04-2021 12
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

෍ 𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎; ⇒ 𝑪 = 𝑻

𝟏 𝒃𝒉
𝑻 = 𝑪 = 𝝈𝒂𝒗𝒆. 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = ( 𝝈)( )
𝟐 𝟐
The force C & T act through the centroid of
the triangular load distribution at distance k
𝟐 𝟐 𝒉
from N. A. . Since k = 𝒄 = ( ).
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐

Equating bending moment to resisting moment, we have

𝟏 𝒃𝒉 𝟐𝒉 𝒃𝒉𝟐
𝑴 = 𝑴𝒓 = 𝑪𝒆 = 𝑻𝒆 ⇒ 𝑴= 𝝈 ( )= 𝝈 = 𝝈×𝑺
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟔
13
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

14
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Sign convention

15
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem: A cantilever beam, 50 mm wide

by 150 mm high and 6 m long, carries a load that varies
uniformly from zero at the free end to 1000 N/m at the wall. (a)
Compute the magnitude and location of the maximum flexural
stress. (b) Determine the type and magnitude of the stress in a
fiber 20 mm from the top of the beam at a section 2 m from the
free end.

16
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin.: (a) Compute the magnitude and location of the maximum flexural stress.

𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙

𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙

𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙
17
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin.
(b) Determine the type and magnitude of the stress in a fiber 20 mm from the top
of the beam at a section 2 m from the free end.

𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍
18
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

HW 6: 27-04-2021
A simply supported beam, 2 in wide by 4 in high and 12 ft long is subjected to a concentrated load of 2000 lb at
a point 3 ft from one of the supports. Determine the maximum fiber stress and the stress in a fiber located 0.5
in from the top of the beam at midspan.

19
Tuseday, 27-04-2021
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:

Flexural formula, part 1
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Tuseday, 27-04-2021 20
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE201 & WRE202

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:
Flexural formula, part 3
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Ph.D. C. E. from UK
Tuesday, 04-05-2021
1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Flexure Formula
Stresses caused by the bending
moment are known as flexural or
bending stresses. Consider a
beam to be loaded as shown.

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Flexure Formula
(𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍 )𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

(𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍 )𝒎𝒂𝒙
Tuesday, 04-05-2021 3
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑴𝒚
𝝈= 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝑰

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈 = =
𝑰 𝑆

𝑰
𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 & 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑺 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
𝒄 Tuesday, 04-05-2021 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

See page 159 in

your textbook
Singer and Pytel

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Sign convention

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 6
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 2: A simply supported beam, 2 in wide

by 4 in high and 12 ft long is subjected to a concentrated load of
2000 lb at a point 3 ft from one of the supports. Determine the
maximum fiber stress and the stress in a fiber located 0.5 in from
the top of the beam at midspan.

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 7
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin. Determine the maximum fiber stress.

𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin. and the stress in a fiber located 0.5 in from the top of the beam at midspan.

𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍
Tuesday, 04-05-2021 9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 3: Determine the minimum height h of the beam shown in

Fig. below if the flexural stress is not to exceed 20 MPa.

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 10
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 3: Solution

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 11
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 3 : Cont. 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍

Determine the minimum height h of the
beam shown in Fig. below if the flexural 𝝈𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍
stress is not to exceed 20 MPa.

Tuesday, 04-05-2021 12
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Unsymmetrical section

=𝒅

𝟐
(𝑰𝑵𝑨 )𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆 = ෍[(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 + 𝑨 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 ×𝒅 ]
𝒅 = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕. 𝑵. 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕. 𝑺𝒐, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 "𝒅"
Tuesday, 04-05-2021 13
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:

Flexural formula, part 3
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Tuesday, 04-05-2021
14
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE201 & WRE202

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:
Flexural formula, part 4
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Ph.D. C. E. from UK
Tuesday, 11-05-2021
1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑴𝒚
𝝈= 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝑰

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈 = =
𝑰 𝑆
𝑰
𝑺 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
𝒄

Tuesday, 11-05-2021 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

See page 159 in

your textbook
Singer and Pytel

Tuesday, 11-05-2021 3
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Unsymmetrical section

=𝒅

𝟐
(𝑰𝑵𝑨 )𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆 = ෍[(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 + 𝑨 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 × 𝒅 ]
𝒅 = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕. 𝑵. 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕. 𝑺𝒐, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 "𝒅"
Tuesday, 11-05-2021 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 4: The cross section of a beam is

shown in Fig. below. The beam is made of steel material with
permissible stress in compression and tension equal to 100
MPa and 140 MPa respectively.
Calculate the moment of resistance of the cross-section, when
subjected to a moment causing compression at the top and
tension at the bottom.

Tuesday, 11-05-2021 5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin.

Tuesday, 11-05-2021 6
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin.

𝟐
(𝑰𝑵𝑨 )𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆 = ෍[(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 + 𝑨 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 × 𝒅 ]
Tuesday, 11-05-2021 7
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Contin.

Tuesday, 11-05-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Go to page 597, Appendix A and Page 608.

HW: Illustrative problem A13/page 607

Tuesday, 11-05-2021 9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:

Flexural formula, part 4
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Tuesday, 11-05-2021
10
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE201 & WRE202

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:
Flexural formula, part 6
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Ph.D. C. E. from UK
Thursday, 20-05-2021
1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑴𝒚
𝝈= 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝑰

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈 = =
𝑰 𝑆
𝑰
𝑺 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
𝒄

Thursday, 20-05-2021 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

See page 159 in

your textbook
Singer and Pytel

Thursday, 20-05-2021 3
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Unsymmetrical section

=𝒅

𝟐
(𝑰𝑵𝑨 )𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆 = ෍[(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 + 𝑨 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 × 𝒅 ]
𝒅 = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕. 𝑵. 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕. 𝑺𝒐, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 "𝒅"
Thursday, 20-05-2021 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 4: A flat steel bar, 1 inch wide by ¼ inch thick and 40 inches
long, is bent by couples applied at the ends so that the midpoint deflection is 1.0
inch. Compute the stress in the bar and the magnitude of the couples. Use E = 29 ×
106 psi.

Thursday, 20-05-2021 5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 5: In a laboratory test of a beam loaded by end couples, the

fibers at layer AB in Figure shown, are found to increase 60 × 10–3 mm whereas
those at CD decrease 100 × 10–3 mm in the 200-mm-gage length. Using E = 70
GPa, determine the flexural stress in the top and bottom fibers.

Thursday, 20-05-2021 6
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 5:

Thursday, 20-05-2021 7
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 5:

Thursday, 20-05-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:

Flexural formula, part 6
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Thursday, 20-05-2021
9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE201 & WRE202

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:
Flexural formula, part 7
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Ph.D. C. E. from UK
Tuesday, 31-05-2021
1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

𝑴𝒚
𝝈= 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝑰

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙. 𝝈 = =
𝑰 𝑆
𝑰
𝑺 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚3
𝒄

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

See page 159 in

your textbook
Singer and Pytel

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 3
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Unsymmetrical section

=𝒅

𝟐
(𝑰𝑵𝑨 )𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆 = ෍[(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 + 𝑨 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 × 𝒅 ]
𝒅 = 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕. 𝑵. 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕. 𝑺𝒐, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 "𝒅"
Tuesday, 31-05-2021 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 6: A rectangular beam 60 mm wide and 150 mm deep is

simply supported over a span of 6 m. If the beam is subjected to central point load
of 12 kN, find the maximum bending stress induced in the beam section.

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 6: Continue

S
Tuesday, 31-05-2021 6
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 7: A timber beam of rectangular section supports a load of 20

kN uniformly distributed over a span of 3.6 m. If depth of the beam section is twice
the width and maximum stress is not to exceed 7 MPa, find the dimensions of the
beam section.

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 7
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 7: continue.

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 7: continue.

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 8: A hollow square section with outer and inner dimensions of
50 mm and 40 mm respectively is used as a cantilever of span 1 m. How much
concentrated load can be applied at the free end of the cantilever, if the maximum
bending stress is not exceeding 35 MPa?

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 10
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Illustrative problem 8: Continue

S C

Tuesday, 31-05-2021 11
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water Resources Eng. ‫قسم هندسة الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة ثانية‬/‫مقاومة المواد‬
Second Level College of Engineering ‫جامعة بغداد‬/‫كلية الهندسة‬ 2021-2020
2020-2021 University of Baghdad
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
‫ زهير كاظم جهان كير‬.‫د‬

Chapter 5: Stresses in beams:

Flexural formula, part 7
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Tuesday, 31-05-2021
12
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬

Strength of Materials WRE20

‫جهان كير‬

1 & WRE202
Chapter 5: Stresses in
beams: Flexural formula,
part 5
By
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger
Tuesday, 18-05-2021
1
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
‫جهان كير‬

𝑴𝒄 𝑀
𝑴𝒂𝒙 . 𝝈= =
𝑰 𝑆
𝑰 3
𝑺 = 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑚𝑚
𝒄

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 2
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
See page 159 in
your textbook ‫جهان كير‬
Singer and Pytel

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 3
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
Unsymmetrical section ‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
‫جهان كير‬

¿𝒅

𝟐
(𝑰 ¿¿𝑵𝑨)𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆=∑ [(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕+ ( 𝑨) 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕×𝒅 ¿]❑ ¿¿
𝒅=𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕 . 𝑵 . 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 .𝑺𝒐, 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒅
Tuesday, 18-05-2021 4
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
Illustrative problem 4: The cross section of a beam is ‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
shown in Fig. below. The beam is made of steel material with ‫جهان كير‬
permissible stress in compression and tension equal to 100
MPa and 140 MPa respectively.
Calculate the moment of resistance of the cross-section, when
subjected to a moment causing compression at the top and
tension at the bottom.

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 5
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
Contin.
‫جهان كير‬

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 6
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
Contin.
‫جهان كير‬

𝟐
(𝑰 ¿¿ 𝑵𝑨)𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆=∑ [(𝑰𝑪𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆)𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕+ ( 𝑨) 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕×𝒅 ¿]❑ ¿¿
Tuesday, 18-05-2021 7
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
Contin.
‫جهان كير‬

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 8
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
Illustrative problem 4: A flat steel bar, 1 inch wide by ¼ inch‫بغداد‬
thick ‫كاظم‬
and 40 ‫زهير‬
inches.‫د‬
‫جهان كير‬
long, is bent by couples applied at the ends so that the midpoint deflection is 1.0
inch. Compute the stress in the bar and the magnitude of the couples. Use E = 29 ×
106 psi.

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 9
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
Contin. ‫جهان كير‬

Tuesday, 18-05-2021 10
Strength of Materials Dep. of Water ‫قسم هندسة‬ ‫مقاومة‬
Second Level Resources Eng. ‫الموارد المائية‬ ‫مرحلة‬/‫اد‬I‫المو‬
2020-2021 College of Engineering
University of Baghdad
‫كلية‬ ‫ثانية‬
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim
Jahanger ‫جامعة‬/‫الهندسة‬ 2020-2021

Chapter 5: Stresses in
‫بغداد‬ ‫ زهير كاظم‬.‫د‬
‫جهان كير‬

beams: Flexural formula,

By

part 4
Dr. Zuhair Kadhim Jahanger, Ph.D. C. E., Geotechnical, from UK.
Department of Water Resources Engineering
College of Engineering, University of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus,10071, Iraq
Email: zk_jahanger@coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Zuhair_Jahanger
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21297/
https://engineering.leeds.ac.uk/pgr/227/Zuhair_Kadhim_Jahanger
Tuesday, 18-05-2021
11