TUPEP – Biology – Upper Secondary Level

Name: Esther Wongprasert

No. 26

In-Class Exercise
30min
Cell Transport
1. Explain how units of phospholipid form phospholipid bilayers of a cell membrane (and a membrane of
Ahs : Because their fatty acid tails are poorly soluble in
other organelles). CH
}
water, phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers
in aqueous solutions, with the hydrophobic tails
cell transport
"
5- IN - CH
}
Hydrophilic buried in the interior of the membrane and the
polar head groups exposed on both sides, in
Phospholipid Ya contact with water

/ harder )
/ { Hydrophobic Extra
CH ≥
• cholesterol ( rigid 0
,
-
:
0 =P o
-

' The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer

≈o€☆f%≈~
o that are selectively permeable membranes
Hc
-

ith which separate the interior of the cells (cell

→ organelles and cytoplasm) from the outside
ester →21
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ago environment or the extracellular space.

bond ago
g ~ These biological membranes are composed of
lipid bilayers that form a continuous layer.

§
2 unit of Tv
3 It is made up of amphiphilic phospholipids
fatty acid
→
which have both hydrophilic phosphate head
,,
and a hydrophobic tail that consists of two
{ fatty acid chains.
extracellularatrix They have a polar head group and two non-

mn%¥¥¥¥%%:¥¥%
human cell polar hydrocarbon tails.

'

'
o

µy¥É
-
.

0
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i.
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cytoplasm [mitochondria cytoplasm

2. Name organelles with double membrane.

""
"

,☒
double membrane
" " "e "

• mitochondria
•
chloroplast

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1
 TUPEP – Biology – Upper Secondary Level

3. What are different types of membrane proteins.

1. Receptor ( hormone receptor )
↳ insulin receptor
2. Immobilize enzyme

↳ Maltase
3. Channel ( pore )

4. Voltage t
gated channel →
depending on
change in

membrane potential Ct ,
-
I
5. Carrier → need energy
-
protein pump
work against conc .
or charge
6. Carrier electron
ABO
Cell to cell regonition ( glycoprotein /
→
7. - -

blood
8. cell ad1

maltose d- glucose

①0-0-40
0
✗ -

glucose

b $$! ¥ ¥É¥É¥¥⑧i
membrane Protein
0

"o$$b $$
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ok # $
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 TUPEP – Biology – Upper Secondary Level

4. Comment on the selective permeability of lipid bilayers.

Ahs :
The selective permeability of biological membranes to
" size
small molecules allows the cell to control and

,==ˢja
polarity
High Permeability
low
maintain its internal composition. Only small
, uncharged molecules can diffuse freely through
^ phospholipid bilayers
V2 CO2 ,
Nz
,
0=-0
H2O , glycerol ←==# site and Polarity
0=-0
glucose ,
sucrose , fructose . _ _
_

O==o-
- .
-7 the cell membrane controls
→ 01=0 what
size in out
0=-0 Big goes or
,k+
"
a- , Nat
.

Ca
]
High polarity
,
☒ ⇒
0=-0
0=-0
0=-0
0=-0
01=0 Big Size

Low Permeability High polarity

5. What is passive transport? Give examples.

Diffusion
A
Need Noone 'M vitamin
passive transport
~
O≈≈O
"

→
sucrose
,
fructose
, glucose ::Ñ≈ •

É≈Q>
A
•

Vitamin
•
→ •

Water so / no
,
} " on / , kidney i.
0¥05
"" %

low
Osmosis
too salt gradient High → con .

"•
0=0
◦~•O-Ñmt
•

0=0
~
~

-
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Isotonic solution
-

Hypertonic
-

Hypotonic
0=0 ~ -
balanced -
water exits cell -
water enters cell
swollen
•
cell
0=0 shrink
-

-
ce,

- Water move from low concentration to

highway
-
Need -
dilution ✓
Ans : Passive transport is a type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell
membranes
examples , diffusion & osmosis

3
 TUPEP – Biology – Upper Secondary Level

6. What is active transport? Give examples.

Active transport → need
energy
-10 move things against gradients

ATP
7.3kcal
Adenosine triphosphate

⑤↑☐④⊕y!¥µF¥¥nine
Ahs : active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher
concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.

Active transport is the process in which energy is used to move

the particles of a substance against a concentration Active transport helps cells take in
gradient,from a region where they are of lower concentration to substances against a concentration
a region where they are of higher concentration. gradient.This process consume energy

Active transport only occurs in living cells because living cells

respire.It is during respiration that energy is set free, and part of
this energy is used in active transport.

-0bar
Yh•
Cells of the small intestine
take in glucose through

↓ diffusion as well as
*

through diffusion as well

as through active transport
Root hair cells take in dissolved mineral salts

?_?
through diffusion as well as active transport. '

MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES INTO OR OUT OF CELLS

Process @ $

'

Diffusion Osmosis Active transport

Movement of molecules Movement of water molecules across a Movement of

or ions down a partially permeable membrane, from a substances (solute or
concentration gradient solution of higher water potential to a ions) against a
solution of lower water potential. concentration gradient.
Respiratory energy is
similarities required.
*Both are passive process
(no repiratory energy is required)
*Movement of substances down
a concentration gradient.
Differences

*refers only to water ( solvent molecules )

*refers to any substances,
*takes place across a partially permeable
gaseous or liquid
membrane
*Membrane is not required
4