Aorta

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Phases of systole
Phases of diastole w
Duration of systole and diastole and the various phases of systole and diastole

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Time-pressure curve for LA, LV and aorta
Pressure volume curve for LV
Curve depicting relation between end diastolic volume and stroke output
Frank Starling law
contractionsinitialanger
Correlate valve opening and closure to phases gamete Jsr
of cardiac cycle and cross over points of pressure
curves
length muscle onset contraction of tension onmuscle
Definitions preload, afterload of of
tension overload
What is volume overload and what is pressurethat insultdevelop during contractionwheres
What are the causes for volume overload and pressure overload loadagainstwhich the to contend
What is the ventricular adaptation tome Ari overload
volume use pea and as am overload muscle
pressure exerts
eccentric
What happens to apical impulse in volume overload and pressure overload concentric
Auscultogram for various murmurs and sounds
How do you differentiate ESM and PSM HD heaving
Mechanism of S1, S2, S3 , S4 handgrip arete C ftp.T
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Mechanism of normal split TMR IAS
Causes for S3 and S4

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Causes for loud S1 and soft S1 L MS s usePDA tamandia is
FIL AA S AR As hypotension
Causes for loud and soft A2 L HinWAascending
Causes for loud and soft P2 L
Pare ASD S andPS leftPR
AR Why right sided murmurs increase on inspiration sided murmurs increase on expiration
MR What is paradoxical split LBBB ASHOLM HM
EDM Signs of RVH AR
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mm Causes for RVH
mmmm
PRE COPD PS To f
Signs of PHT (pulmonary hypertension)
Causes for pulmonary hypertension
Oga Ms can also cause
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Features of RHF and LHF

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What is cor pulmonale

What are the cardinal symptoms of cardiovascular disease

HOMDefine dyspnoea
Ltu Define palpitation
Define edema
As Define syncope
Palpitation indicates what
Syncope indicates what
Fatigue indicates what

Definition of shock
Classification of shock, pathophysiologically
Definition of cardiac failure and types of cardiac failure
Pathophysiological classification of syncope

What are the common causes for the following valvular conditions

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MS, MR, AS, AR
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Aortic fume

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delayedastoric m
yams
Ms noms

Su can be mistaken for a split S

S it 1 a well split

interrupted sounds
Rumbling
Series of

accentuation
moon
a
presystolic
Rough rumbling

loud S
ending in a

upstroke is Not
not
accompanied by
is
A murmur which diastolic
murmur downstroke murmur
a systolic begins during
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the
beginning of
next upstroke

Decescendo
case reduced
there is
In the late part of sytole

the aortic valve

through
blood to flow
Lu is empty long
late peaking
determined by
peaking
Intensity altual steno

systolic murmur
short peaking ejection
early
pictorially after auscultation
Represent findings