Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
MATH1520A/B University Mathematics for Applications 2023-24 First Term
Solution to Homework 1
Class:
Signature Date
Instructions:
Optional question will NOT be counted. However, you are still encouraged to attempt ALL
questions for your own good.
Please submit your work to Gradescope. For each question, you must indicate exactly
which page(s) its answer is located. Otherwise, your work cannot be marked.
2
1. Domestic consumers in Hong Kong are usually billed for their water charges at 4-monthly intervals
according to the meter readings taken. The charges payable are calculated on a tariff structure
which consists of 4 tiers with progressively increasing prices. The tariff is so constructed to discour-
age excessive and unnecessary use of water:
Let x ≥ 0 be the number of cubic meters of water used by a family during a billing period and let
C(x) be the water charges (in dollars). Write down the function C(x) explicitly.
Ans:
0 if 0 ≤ x ≤ 12
4.16(x − 12) if 12 < x ≤ 43;
C(x) =
6.45(x − 43) + 4.16 × 31 if 43 < x ≤ 62;
9.05(x − 62) + 6.45 × 19 + 4.16 × 31 if 62 < x
0 if 0 ≤ x ≤ 12
4.16x − 49.92 if 12 < x ≤ 43;
=
6.45x − 148.39 if 43 < x ≤ 62;
9.05x − 309.59 if 62 < x
3
Ans:
(a) Rewrite f : R → R as a piecewise-defined function as the following:
2x + 7 if x ≥ −2
f (x) =
3 if x < −2
(b)
4
Ans:
(a)
(b) Since lim f (x) = 1 ̸= 0 = lim f (x), lim f (x) does not exist.
x→0− x→0+ x→0
5
3x − 2−x
4. Let f (x) = . Evaluate each of the following limits.
4x + 2−x
(a) lim f (x)
x→0
(b) lim f (x)
x→∞
(c) lim f (x)
x→−∞
Ans:
3x − 2−x
lim f (x) = lim
x→0 x→0 4x + 2−x
lim (3x − 2−x )
x→0
=
lim (4x + 2−x )
x→0
0
=
2
= 0
(b)
3x − 2−x
lim f (x) = lim
x→∞ x→∞ 4x + 2−x
(3x − 2−x )/4x
= lim
x→∞ (4x + 2−x )/4x
3
( )x − 8−x
= lim 4
x→∞ 1 + 8−x
0 3
= (∵ lim ( )x = lim 8−x = 0)
1 x→∞ 4 x→∞
= 0
(c)
3x − 2−x
lim f (x) = lim
x→−∞ x→−∞ 4x + 2−x
(3x − 2−x )/2−x
= lim
x→−∞ (4x + 2−x )/2−x
6x − 1
= lim x
x→−∞ 8 + 1
−1
= (∵ lim 6x = lim 8x = 0)
1 x→−∞ x→∞
= −1
Remark: You may plot the graph of the function f (x) and see what happens!
6
ax2 + bx
2
if x > 0;
2x + 3x
f (x) =
2 if x = 0;
ex
if x < 0.
Given that lim f (x) exists and lim f (x) = 1. Find the values of a and b.
x→0 x→∞
Ans:
Firstly,
lim f (x) = 1
x→∞
2
ax + bx
lim = 1
x→∞ 2x2 + 3x
b
a+
lim x = 1
x→∞ 3
2+
x
a = 1
b
1 =
3
b = 3
7
Ans:
(a)
√ √ √ √
3
x−3 x − 3 ( 3 x)2 + 3 3 x + 32
3
lim = lim · √ √
x→27 x − 27 x→27 x − 27 ( 3 x)2 + 3 3 x + 32
√
( 3 x)3 − 33
= lim √ √
x→27 (x − 27)(( 3 x)2 + 3 3 x + 32 )
x − 27
= lim √ √
x→27 (x − 27)(( 3 x)2 + 3 3 x + 32 )
1
= lim √ √
x→27 (( 3 x)2 + 3 3 x + 32 )
1
=
27
Recall: (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2 ) = a3 − b3
√
(b) Note that when x < 0, x = − x2 .
√ √
4 + 9x2 4 + 9x2
lim = √
lim
x→−∞ x x→−∞ − x2
r
4 + 9x2
= lim −
x→−∞ x2
r
4
= lim − +9
x→−∞ x2
= −3
(c) Note that x − 1 < 0 when x < 1. Therefore, |x − 1| = −(x − 1) when x < 1. Then,
|x − 1| −(x − 1)
lim = lim
x→1− x2 − 1 x→1− (x − 1)(x + 1)
−1
= lim−
x→1 x + 1
1
= −
2
8
= e12
(b)
x
3x + 2 3x + 2
lim x ln = lim ln
x→∞ 3x + 1 x→∞ 3x + 1
x
1
= lim ln 1 +
x→∞ 3x + 1
13 (3x+1)− 13
1
= lim ln 1 +
x→∞ 3x + 1
3x+1 ! 13 3x+1 !− 31
1 1
= lim ln 1+ 1+
x→∞ 3x + 1 3x + 1
1
= ln(e 3 · 1)
1
=
3