ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud computing

Submission date 12/6/2023 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Do Viet Quang Student ID BH00057

Class IT0502 Assessor name Do Quoc Binh

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Quang

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P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1
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Table Of Contents
I. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................5
II. Body.......................................................................................................................................................................................................6
P1. Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing:...................................................................................6
 Client/server:...............................................................................................................................................................................6
 P2P:..............................................................................................................................................................................................9
 HPC: Parallel/ cluster/distributed:..........................................................................................................................................11
 Deployment models: public/private/community/hybrid cloud:............................................................................................15
 Service models: IAAS, SAAS, PAAS:.....................................................................................................................................20
 5 characteristics of cloud:.........................................................................................................................................................24
 Virtualization/ multicore:.........................................................................................................................................................29
P2. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario:....................................................35
 Explain why ATN should use cloud:.......................................................................................................................................35
P3. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario:...............................................................................................37
 Which deployment model should be used and why?.............................................................................................................37
P4. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario:..............................................................39
 Which service model should be used and why?.....................................................................................................................39
 Which programming language should be used?....................................................................................................................40
 Which database should be used?.............................................................................................................................................41
 Which cloud platform should be used?..................................................................................................................................42
III. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................................................................43
IV. References..........................................................................................................................................................................................44
Table Of Figure
Figure 1: Client/server (FPTCLOUD, 2022)..............................................................................................................................................6
Figure 2 Example of client/server (ComputerHope, 2021).........................................................................................................................7
Figure 3 P2P (VietNix, 2021)......................................................................................................................................................................8
Figure 4 HPC (IBM, 2023).......................................................................................................................................................................10
Figure 5 Parallel Computing (SpringerLink, 2022).................................................................................................................................11
Figure 6 Cluster Computing (SpringerLink, 2022)...................................................................................................................................12
Figure 7 Distributed Computing (SpringerLink, 2022)............................................................................................................................13
Figure 8 Public cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)................................................................................................................................................14
Figure 9 Private cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)...............................................................................................................................................15
Figure 10 Community cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)......................................................................................................................................16
Figure 11 Hybrid cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023).............................................................................................................................................17
Figure 12 Service models (geeksforgeeks, 2020)......................................................................................................................................18
Figure 13 IaaS (geeksforgeeks, 2020).......................................................................................................................................................19
Figure 14 SaaS (geeksforgeeks, 2020)......................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 15 PaaS (geeksforgeeks, 2020)......................................................................................................................................................21
Figure 16 Multitenancy ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)......................................................................................................22
Figure 17 Elasticity ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)............................................................................................................23
Figure 18 Heterogeneous cloud platform ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)..........................................................................24
Figure 19 Quantitative measurement ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017).................................................................................24
Figure 20 On-demand service ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)............................................................................................25
Figure 21 Application of virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017).........................................................................................26
Figure 22 Processor virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)................................................................................................27
Figure 23 Memory virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)...................................................................................................28
Figure 24 Storage virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)...................................................................................................28
Figure 25 network virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)...................................................................................................29
Figure 26 Data virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)........................................................................................................29
Figure 27 Application virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017).............................................................................................30
I. Introduction
ATN, a prominent Vietnamese company, has successfully established itself as a leading toy retailer catering to the dynamic teenage
market across various provinces in Vietnam. With annual revenues exceeding 500,000 dollars, ATN has demonstrated its strong
foothold in the industry. However, the company currently faces several operational challenges that hinder its growth and efficiency.
One significant challenge is the fragmented nature of data management within ATN. Each shop maintains its own separate database,
resulting in decentralized and siloed information. As a result, the board director is burdened with the arduous task of manually
collecting and consolidating sales data from each shop on a monthly basis. This manual process consumes valuable time and effort,
preventing the board director from promptly analyzing and utilizing the data for strategic decision-making. Moreover, the lack of real-
time stock information poses a significant hurdle for ATN. Without up-to-date visibility into stock levels across all shops, the board
director is unable to make informed inventory management decisions, potentially leading to stockouts or overstocking. To overcome
these challenges and drive the company's growth, ATN should consider embracing cloud computing. Cloud computing offers a
transformative solution by centralizing data management, enabling real-time stock updates, and facilitating seamless information
sharing between shops and the board director. In this report, we will delve into the fundamentals of cloud computing, discussing its
widespread adoption and benefits in today's business landscape. We will present a compelling argument for why ATN should leverage
cloud computing to revolutionize its operations and enhance its competitive edge. Furthermore, we will outline a comprehensive
solution encompassing the appropriate deployment model, service model, programming language, web server, and database server
tailored to ATN's specific requirements. By embracing cloud computing, ATN can streamline its data management processes,
enabling the board director to access timely and accurate sales data from all shops. Real-time stock updates will empower the
company to make data-driven inventory management decisions, ensuring optimal stock levels across all locations. Ultimately, this
technological transformation will propel ATN towards greater operational efficiency, enhanced decision-making capabilities, and
continued success in the highly competitive toy market. Let us now explore the intricacies of cloud computing and design an
architectural framework that aligns seamlessly with ATN's unique needs, paving the way for a more efficient, interconnected, and
data-driven future.

II. Body

P1. Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing:

 Client/server:
 Figure 1: Client/server (FPTCLOUD, 2022)
o Client/server is a computing architecture model that divides tasks and responsibilities between two types of entities:
clients and servers. This model is commonly used in networked environments where multiple computers or devices
interact and share resources. (FPTCLOUD, 2022)

o In the client/server model, the client is a device or software application that requests services or resources from the
server. Clients can be personal computers, laptops, smartphones, or any other device capable of making requests and
receiving responses. They typically have user interfaces that allow users to interact with the application or access
resources provided by the server. (FPTCLOUD, 2022)

o On the other hand, the server is a powerful computer or software application that manages resources, processes
requests, and delivers services to clients. Servers are designed to handle multiple client requests simultaneously and
provide the necessary resources or perform specific tasks. They have greater processing power, storage capacity, and
network connectivity compared to clients. (FPTCLOUD, 2022)
o Communication between clients and servers typically occurs over a network, such as the internet or a local area
network (LAN). Clients send requests to servers, which process the requests and send back the corresponding
responses. This interaction follows a request-response paradigm, where clients initiate requests, and servers respond
with the requested information or perform the required actions. (FPTCLOUD, 2022)

o The client/server model allows for distributed processing, scalability, and centralization of resources. It enables
multiple clients to connect to a central server or a network of servers to access shared data, applications, or services.
This architecture is widely used in various domains, including web applications, database systems, email services, file
sharing, and many other networked systems. (FPTCLOUD, 2022)

o Example of client/server:

Figure 2 Example of client/server (ComputerHope, 2021)

- A Client server model for a multi-user, web-based system for providing a film and photograph library. In this
system, several servers manage and display the different types of media. Video frames need to be transmitted
quickly and in synchrony but at relatively low resolution. They may be compressed in a store, so the video server
can handle video compression and decompression in different formats. Still pictures, however, must be maintained
at a high resolution, so it is appropriate to maintain them on a separate server. The catalog must be able to deal with
 a variety of queries and provide links into the web information system that includes data about the film and video
clips, and an e commerce system that supports the sale of photographs, film, and video clips. The client program is
simply an integrated user interface, constructed using a web browser, to access these services. (ComputerHope,
2021)
 P2P:

Figure 3 P2P (VietNix, 2021)

o P2P stands for "peer-to-peer," which is a decentralized computing or networking model where participants, referred to
as peers, interact directly with each other to share resources, services, or information without relying on a centralized
authority or server. (VietNix, 2021)
 o In a peer-to-peer network, each participant has equal capabilities and can act as both a client and a server. Peers connect
directly to each other over a network, such as the internet or a local area network, without the need for intermediaries.
This allows for direct communication and sharing of resources between peers. (VietNix, 2021)

o P2P networks are commonly used for various purposes, such as file sharing, collaborative applications, messaging, and
decentralized cryptocurrencies. Here are a few examples to illustrate the concept: (VietNix, 2021)

1. File Sharing: In a P2P file-sharing network, participants share files directly with each other without relying on a
central server. Each peer can act as a source and a destination for file transfers. Popular P2P file-sharing
protocols include BitTorrent, where participants share files by exchanging pieces of the file with each other.

2. Messaging: P2P messaging applications allow users to communicate directly with each other without relying on
a central server. Each participant acts as a node in the network and can send messages to other peers in a
decentralized manner. Examples include applications like Tox and Retro Share.

3. Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain technology, used in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum,
is based on a P2P network. The blockchain network consists of nodes (peers) that validate and store transactions
collectively. These nodes communicate with each other to maintain a distributed ledger without the need for
central authority.
o In P2P networks, the responsibility for tasks such as resource management, security, and data integrity is distributed
among the participating peers. The decentralized nature of P2P systems offers benefits such as increased fault
tolerance, scalability, and resistance to censorship. However, it can also present challenges in terms of security, trust,
and coordination among peers. (VietNix, 2021)
o For example: An example of a P2P network is file-sharing applications such as BitTorrent, eMule, or applications like
Skype, where users can directly chat and make video calls with each other without the need for a central server. (peer-to-
peer (P2P), 2022)
 HPC: Parallel/ cluster/distributed:
 Figure 4 HPC (IBM, 2023)

o HPC stands for High-Performance Computing, which refers to the use of powerful computing systems and techniques to
solve complex computational problems efficiently. HPC systems are designed to deliver exceptional performance and
processing power for tasks that require extensive computation, large-scale simulations, data analysis, and modeling. (IBM,
2023)
o For example: When it comes to complex workloads, HPC can do the trick in scaling and managing this amount of data, and
becomes especially useful for healthcare computing operations. Hewlett Packard Enterprise hosts various hardware and
software products for HPC deployment and performance, as well as AI-integrated solutions and consulting services. The
company’s HPC technology allows professionals to process data in near-real time and receive insights for diagnoses,
clinical trials, or immediate intervention. (HPC, 2022)
o There are several approaches to implementing HPC systems based on the architecture and configuration. Three common
configurations used in HPC are parallel computing, cluster computing, and distributed computing: (IBM, 2023)
1. Parallel Computing:
 Figure 5 Parallel Computing (SpringerLink, 2022)
- In parallel computing, multiple processors or cores work together to solve a computational problem by
dividing it into smaller tasks that can be executed simultaneously. These processors communicate and
collaborate closely, often sharing memory, to achieve high computational speed. Parallel computing is
suitable for problems that can be divided into independent subtasks that can be executed concurrently.
Examples of parallel computing models include shared memory (e.g., SMP) and distributed memory (e.g.,
MPI) architectures. (SpringerLink, 2022)

2. Cluster Computing:
 Figure 6 Cluster Computing (SpringerLink, 2022)
- Cluster computing involves connecting multiple individual computers or servers (nodes) together to form a
cluster. These nodes communicate and work together to execute computational tasks. Each node in the
cluster can have its own memory and processing power, and they often communicate through a high-speed
interconnect. Cluster computing is widely used in HPC as it provides scalability, fault tolerance, and the
ability to tackle large-scale problems. Examples of cluster computing frameworks include Hadoop and
Apache Spark. (SpringerLink, 2022)

3. Distributed Computing:
 Figure 7 Distributed Computing (SpringerLink, 2022)
- Distributed computing involves utilizing multiple interconnected computers or servers located in different
physical locations to solve a computational problem. Each computer or server in a distributed system (also
called a node) operates independently, but they communicate and coordinate with each other to accomplish
the task. Distributed computing is suitable for problems that can be divided into smaller tasks that can be
solved independently and later combined to obtain the result. Examples of distributed computing
frameworks include Apache Hadoop and Apache Storm. (SpringerLink, 2022)

o These three configurations—parallel computing, cluster computing, and distributed computing—can be used individually
or combined in various ways to build powerful HPC systems tailored to specific computational requirements. The choice of
architecture depends on factors such as the nature of the problem, scalability needs, available resources, and
communication requirements between the nodes. (SpringerLink, 2022)
 Deployment models: public/private/community/hybrid cloud:
o Deployment models in cloud computing refer to different ways in which cloud services and resources are provisioned,
managed, and utilized. The four main deployment models are:
1. Public Cloud:

Figure 8 Public cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)

- In a public cloud deployment, cloud services and resources are provided by third-party service providers
over the internet. These providers own and manage the infrastructure, applications, and services, making
them accessible to the public or organizations. Public clouds offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-
effectiveness since users pay for the resources they consume. Examples of public cloud providers include
Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). (JavaTpoint, 2023)

2. Private Cloud:
 Figure 9 Private cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)
- A private cloud deployment model involves the creation of a cloud infrastructure exclusively for a single
organization. The organization can build and manage its own private cloud within its premises or opt for a
dedicated infrastructure hosted by a third-party provider. Private clouds offer enhanced security, control,
and customization options, making them suitable for organizations with specific compliance requirements or
sensitive data. However, they require significant investment and maintenance. Private cloud deployments
can be either on-premises or hosted in a data center. (JavaTpoint, 2023)

3. Community Cloud:
 Figure 10 Community cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)
- A community cloud is a shared cloud infrastructure that serves multiple organizations or entities with
common interests, such as industry-specific regulations or security requirements. These organizations may
collaborate to establish and maintain the community cloud or rely on a third-party provider specializing in
community cloud services. By sharing the infrastructure, organizations benefit from cost sharing, improved
collaboration, and resource optimization while maintaining a level of control and customization specific to
their community's needs. (JavaTpoint, 2023)

4. Hybrid Cloud:
 Figure 11 Hybrid cloud (JavaTpoint, 2023)
- A hybrid cloud deployment combines the use of multiple cloud deployment models, typically integrating a
mix of public and private clouds. Organizations leverage a hybrid cloud to gain the advantages of both
public and private clouds while addressing specific requirements or constraints. For example, an
organization might use a public cloud for routine computing tasks or scalable workloads, while keeping
sensitive data or critical applications within a private cloud for enhanced security and control. Hybrid clouds
offer flexibility, allowing seamless migration of workloads between different cloud environments.
(JavaTpoint, 2023)
 o Each deployment model has its own benefits and considerations, and organizations select the most appropriate model
based on factors such as security requirements, compliance regulations, scalability needs, budget constraints, and the
nature of their workloads. It's important to evaluate these factors carefully when choosing a deployment model to
ensure alignment with business goals and operational requirements. (JavaTpoint, 2023)
 Service models: IAAS, SAAS, PAAS:
o Service models in cloud computing refer to different levels of cloud services and functionalities provided to users. The
three main service models are:

Figure 12 Service models (geeksforgeeks, 2020)

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

Figure 13 IaaS (geeksforgeeks, 2020)

- IaaS is a cloud service model that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. It offers
fundamental infrastructure components such as virtual machines (VMs), storage, and networking. With
IaaS, users have control over the operating systems, applications, and data, while the cloud provider is
responsible for managing the underlying infrastructure. Users can scale resources up or down as needed,
paying for what they use. Examples of IaaS providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2,
Microsoft Azure VMs, and Google Cloud Compute Engine. (geeksforgeeks, 2020)
2. Software as a Service (SaaS):

Figure 14 SaaS (geeksforgeeks, 2020)

- SaaS is a cloud service model where users access software applications over the internet on a subscription
basis. In this model, the cloud provider hosts and manages the entire software application stack, including
infrastructure, middleware, and the application itself. Users can access the application through a web
browser or a thin client. SaaS eliminates the need for users to install, maintain, or upgrade software locally.
Examples of SaaS applications include customer relationship management (CRM) software like Salesforce,
collaboration tools like Google Workspace, and productivity suites like Microsoft 365. (geeksforgeeks,
2020)
 3. Platform as a Service (PaaS):

Figure 15 PaaS (geeksforgeeks, 2020)

- PaaS is a cloud service model that provides a development platform for building, testing, and deploying
applications. PaaS offers a complete development and runtime environment, including the underlying
infrastructure, development tools, middleware, and databases. Developers can focus on writing and
deploying applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. PaaS providers typically
handle scalability, security, and maintenance tasks. Examples of PaaS offerings include Google App
Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service, and Heroku. (geeksforgeeks, 2020)
o Each service model offers a different level of abstraction and functionality, catering to different user requirements and
responsibilities. Organizations can choose the appropriate service model based on factors such as the level of control
required, development needs, resource scalability, and cost considerations. It's important to evaluate these factors to
determine the best fit for specific applications and workloads. (geeksforgeeks, 2020)
 5 characteristics of cloud:
1. MULTITENANCY:

Figure 16 Multitenancy ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)

 Multitenancy in cloud computing refers to the ability of a cloud infrastructure or service to support multiple
users or tenants sharing the same computing resources and infrastructure. In a multitenant environment, each
user or tenant operates within a logically isolated and secure partition, ensuring privacy and data separation
between tenants while sharing the underlying infrastructure. ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)
2. ELASTICITY:

Figure 17 Elasticity ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)

 Elasticity can be defined as the degree to which a system is able to adapt to workload changes by provisioning
and deprovisioning resources in an autonomic manner such that at each point in time. Elasticity allows the cloud
providers to efficiently handle the number of users, from one to several hundreds of users at a time.
( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)
3. HETEROGENEOUS CLOUD PLATFORM:

Figure 18 Heterogeneous cloud platform ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)

 The cloud platform supports heterogeneity, wherein any type of application can be deployed in the cloud. The
applications that are usually deployed can be accessed by the users using a web browser. ( Characteristics of
cloud computing, 2017)
4. QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT:

Figure 19 Quantitative measurement ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)

  The services provided can be quantitatively measured.
 The user is usually offered se.
 Not only the services are measurable, but also the link usage and several other parameters that support cloud
applications can be measured prices based on certain charges.
5. ON-DEMAND SERVICE:

Figure 20 On-demand service ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)

 The cloud applications offer service to the user, on demand, that is, whenever the user requires it. The cloud
service would allow the users to access web applications usually without any restrictions on time, duration, and
type of device used. ( Characteristics of cloud computing, 2017)
 Virtualization/ multicore:
o VIRTUALIZATION:
 Virtualization is a technology that enables the single physical infrastructure to function as a multiple logical
infrastructure or resources. (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)
 Virtualization is not only limited to the hardware, but it can also take many forms such as memory, processor,
I/O, network, OS, data, and application. (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)
 It helps to improve scalability and resource utilization of the underlying infrastructure. (Multicore and
Virtualization, 2017)
 It also enables the IT personnel to perform the administration task easily. (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)
o OSS AND APPLICATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 21 Application of virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

o BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION: (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)
 Better resource utilization
 Increases ROI
 Dynamic data center
 Supports green IT.
 Eases administration
 Improves disaster recovery.
o DRAWBACK OF VIRTUALIZATION: (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)
 Single point of failure
 Demands high-end and powerful infrastructure.
 May lead to lower performance.
 Requires specialized skill set.
o VIRTUALIZATION OPPORTUNITIES: (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)
 The different resources like memory, processors, storage, and network can be virtualized using proper
virtualization technologies.
o PROCESSOR VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 22 Processor virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

o MEMORY VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 23 Memory virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

o STORAGE VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 24 Storage virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

o NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 25 network virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

o DATA VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 26 Data virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

o APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION:

Figure 27 Application virtualization (Multicore and Virtualization, 2017)

P2. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario:
 Explain why ATN should use cloud:
ATN should consider using cloud computing for several reasons:

o Centralized Data Management: By migrating to the cloud, ATN can centralize all transactional data from its multiple
shops into a single, unified database. This eliminates the need for individual databases at each shop and provides a
consolidated view of sales data across the organization. Centralized data management simplifies data analysis,
reporting, and decision-making processes.

o Real-Time Data Synchronization: Cloud computing enables real-time data synchronization, ensuring that sales
transactions from each shop are immediately reflected in the centralized database. This eliminates the monthly manual
data transfer process, allowing the board director to access up-to-date sales information without delay. Real-time data
synchronization enables faster and more accurate decision-making.

o Enhanced Data Analysis and Reporting: Cloud-based analytics tools and reporting services provide powerful
capabilities for analyzing and summarizing sales data. ATN can leverage these tools to gain valuable insights into
customer preferences, sales trends, and inventory management. Cloud-based analytics enable the board director to
generate real-time reports and visualize data more effectively, reducing the time spent on manual data summarization.

o Improved Stock Management: With a cloud-based solution, ATN can integrate a stock management system that
provides real-time stock information across all shops. This allows the board director to monitor inventory levels,
identify popular products, and plan restocking activities more efficiently. Real-time stock updates help prevent
stockouts and optimize inventory management, improving overall customer satisfaction.

o Scalability and Cost Efficiency: Cloud computing offers scalability, allowing ATN to adjust resources based on
demand. During peak seasons or promotional periods, ATN can easily scale up the infrastructure to handle increased
sales volume. Conversely, during slower periods, resources can be scaled down, reducing costs. This pay-per-use
model ensures cost efficiency by eliminating the need for upfront infrastructure investments and allowing ATN to pay
only for the resources it consumes.
 o Data Security and Disaster Recovery: Cloud service providers prioritize data security and employ robust security
measures to protect customer data. Storing data in the cloud helps ATN safeguard its transactional information against
data loss, theft, or system failures. Cloud providers also offer reliable backup and disaster recovery solutions, ensuring
business continuity and minimizing the risk of data loss.

o Accessibility and Collaboration: Cloud computing enables seamless access to data and applications from any location
and device with an internet connection. This facilitates collaboration among ATN's employees, allowing them to work
together on sales analysis, reporting, and decision-making. Cloud-based solutions also support remote work, enabling
flexibility and productivity.

 In conclusion, cloud computing offers ATN significant advantages such as centralized data management, real-time
synchronization, improved data analysis and reporting, enhanced stock management, scalability, cost efficiency,
data security, and accessibility. By embracing cloud technology, ATN can streamline its operations, improve
decision-making processes, and gain a competitive edge in the toy retail industry. (geeksforgeeks, 2020)

P3. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario:

 Which deployment model should be used and why?
In the given scenario, a hybrid cloud deployment model would be appropriate for ATN. The hybrid cloud combines both
private and public cloud resources to meet the company's specific needs. Here's why the hybrid cloud deployment model is
recommended:
o Data Security: ATN may have concerns about the security and confidentiality of their sales data. With a hybrid cloud
model, the company can keep sensitive data, such as customer information and financial records, on a private cloud.
This ensures that critical data remains within ATN's control, adheres to any regulatory requirements, and reduces the
risk of unauthorized access.

o Scalability and Flexibility: As ATN operates in multiple provinces and experiences fluctuations in sales volume, the
ability to scale resources up or down based on demand is crucial. By leveraging the public cloud component of the
hybrid model, ATN can easily accommodate increased traffic during peak seasons or promotional periods, ensuring
optimal performance and customer experience. This scalability provides cost-efficiency by only paying for additional
resources when needed.
o Cost Optimization: The hybrid cloud model allows ATN to balance cost and performance. By utilizing a private cloud
for sensitive data and core applications, the company can have greater control over costs while ensuring data security
and compliance. The public cloud component can be utilized for less critical applications, analytics, reporting, or non-
sensitive data, enabling cost optimization through pay-per-use pricing models.

o Real-time Updates: The board director's challenge of not having real-time stock information can be addressed by
leveraging the public cloud component of the hybrid model. The stock management system can be hosted in the public
cloud, enabling real-time updates and synchronization of stock information across all shops. This provides the board
director with instant visibility into stock levels, facilitating better decision-making and inventory management.

o Resource Efficiency: The hybrid cloud model allows ATN to utilize existing on-premises infrastructure or private
cloud investments while leveraging the flexibility and scalability of the public cloud. This maximizes the efficiency of
resources and avoids the need for significant infrastructure changes or expensive upfront investments.

o Compliance and Data Sovereignty: As ATN operates within Vietnam, there may be specific regulatory requirements
regarding data storage and sovereignty. By utilizing a private cloud within the country, ATN can ensure compliance
with local regulations while still leveraging the benefits of the public cloud for non-sensitive applications.

 In summary, the hybrid cloud deployment model offers ATN the right balance between data security, scalability,
cost optimization, real-time updates, resource efficiency, and compliance. It provides the company with the
flexibility to leverage both private and public cloud resources, ensuring that sensitive data is protected while
benefiting from the advantages of the cloud for improved operations and decision-making. (Cloud, 2023)
P4. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario:
 Which service model should be used and why?
Based on the given scenario, the most suitable service model for ATN would be the Software as a Service (SaaS) model.
Here's why:

o Centralized Database Management: SaaS provides a centralized database management system accessible by all shops
and the board director. Instead of each shop having its own separate database, all transaction data can be stored and
managed in a centralized database within the SaaS platform. This allows for efficient data consolidation and eliminates
the need for manual data transfer.

o Real-time Stock Information: With a SaaS solution, ATN can have a centralized stock management system that
provides real-time updates on stock levels. This ensures that the board director and all shops have instant visibility into
the available stock, allowing for better inventory management and decision-making.

o Automated Data Summarization: The board director no longer needs to spend significant time summarizing the data
collected from all the shops. The SaaS platform can provide automated reports and analytics, presenting the sales data
in a summarized and easily digestible format. This saves time and effort for the board director, enabling them to focus
on strategic analysis and decision-making.

o Cost-effective Solution: SaaS typically follows a subscription-based pricing model, which can be more cost-effective
for ATN compared to building and maintaining their own database infrastructure. By utilizing a SaaS platform, ATN
can benefit from the shared infrastructure and ongoing maintenance provided by the SaaS provider, reducing
operational costs.

o Scalability and Flexibility: As ATN expands its operations and opens more shops, the SaaS model offers scalability and
flexibility. The SaaS platform can easily accommodate the growing number of shops and the increasing volume of data
without requiring significant infrastructure changes or additional resources from ATN's side.
 o By adopting the SaaS service model, ATN can streamline their database management, enhance stock visibility,
automate data summarization, and reduce operational costs. This allows the board director to access real-time
information, make informed decisions, and improve overall operational efficiency across all shops. (IBM, 2023)
 Which programming language should be used?
In the given scenario of ATN, where the company sells toys across multiple provinces in Vietnam and requires real-time stock
updates and efficient data processing, Node.js is a suitable programming language choice. Here are some reasons why Node.js
should be considered:
o Asynchronous and Non-blocking: Node.js is built on an asynchronous, non-blocking event-driven architecture. This
means it can handle multiple concurrent requests efficiently without blocking other operations. For ATN, this is
beneficial when dealing with many transactions and real-time stock updates, as Node.js can handle concurrent requests
and process data asynchronously, leading to improved performance and responsiveness.

o Real-time Updates: Node.js is well-suited for real-time applications and scenarios where real-time updates are required.
By leveraging technologies like WebSocket’s or server-sent events, Node.js can facilitate real-time communication
between the shops and the board director. This enables immediate stock information updates, ensuring the board
director has the latest data without delays.

o Scalability: Node.js is known for its scalability, allowing applications to handle a high volume of concurrent
connections with relatively low resource usage. This is important for ATN as the company expands and the number of
shops and transactions grows. Node.js can handle the increased load and ensure smooth operation even during peak
periods.

o JavaScript Ecosystem: Node.js uses JavaScript, which has a vast ecosystem of libraries, frameworks, and developer
communities. This rich ecosystem provides extensive resources, modules, and tools that can expedite development,
improve productivity, and simplify integration with other systems and databases.

o Single Language: By using Node.js, ATN can have a unified codebase, as JavaScript can be used both on the server-
side (Node.js) and the client-side (web browsers). This enables developers to work with a single language throughout
the entire application stack, promoting code reuse, easier maintenance, and faster development cycles.
  Considering the need for real-time updates, asynchronous processing, scalability, and the advantages of JavaScript's
ecosystem, Node.js emerges as a suitable programming language for ATN. It can provide the necessary tools and
capabilities to handle the company's data processing requirements, facilitate real-time stock updates, and ensure a
responsive and scalable application architecture. (Programming Languages, 2023)

 Which database should be used?

For the given scenario of ATN, where the company is selling toys to teenagers in multiple provinces in Vietnam, and each
shop has its own database storing shop-specific transactions, the choice of database depends on several factors. In this case,
considering the need for centralized data management, transaction processing, and real-time stock updates, both MongoDB and
MySQL can be viable options. But MySQL better than MongoDB because:

o MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system.

o It provides robust data integrity, transactional support, and strong consistency, making it suitable for maintaining the
integrity of sales data across different shops.
o MySQL's well-established relational model with tables and SQL querying capabilities can simplify data retrieval and
reporting tasks, aiding the board director in summarizing and analyzing data from all shops.
o MySQL's maturity, wide adoption, and extensive community support make it a reliable choice, ensuring long-term
stability and maintenance for ATN's database system.
 Considering the specific requirements of ATN, such as the need for centralized data management, periodic data
consolidation, and real-time stock updates, MySQL may be a more appropriate choice. MySQL's strong relational
model and SQL querying capabilities can facilitate the summarization of data and provide a solid foundation for
reporting and analytics. Additionally, its stability and community support make it a reliable option for a company of
ATN's size and revenue. (Mehta, 2023)

 Which cloud platform should be used?

For the given scenario of ATN, where the company sells toys to teenagers across multiple provinces in Vietnam and requires
centralized data management, monthly data summarization, and real-time stock information updates, Heroku can be considered
as a suitable cloud platform. Here are some reasons why Heroku is a good choice:
o Easy Deployment: Heroku provides a streamlined and user-friendly deployment process. It simplifies the deployment
of web applications, making it convenient for ATN to deploy and manage their application across multiple shops.
o Scalability: Heroku offers built-in scalability features that allow applications to handle increased traffic and workload
as the company grows. With Heroku's automatic scaling capabilities, ATN can easily scale their application to meet the
demands of increasing transactions and users.
o Managed Services: Heroku provides a range of managed services, such as databases, logging, monitoring, and caching.
These services help simplify the management and maintenance of the application infrastructure, allowing ATN to focus
more on their core business logic rather than infrastructure management.
o Add-ons and Integrations: Heroku offers a marketplace of add-ons and integrations that provide additional
functionalities and services. ATN can leverage these add-ons to enhance their application, such as integrating with
payment gateways, analytics tools, or third-party APIs to improve their operations and customer experience.
o Collaboration and Team Workflow: Heroku supports team collaboration and streamlines the development workflow. It
allows multiple developers to work together, manage codebase versioning, and deploy changes seamlessly. This can be
beneficial for ATN to ensure efficient collaboration among their development team and streamline their software
development process.
o Platform as a Service (PaaS): Heroku is a PaaS platform that abstracts away the underlying infrastructure, allowing
developers to focus on application development rather than server management. This can save time and resources for
ATN, as they can leverage Heroku's infrastructure and focus on developing their application and business logic.

 Considering the requirements of centralized data management, monthly data summarization, and real-time stock
information updates, Heroku provides a robust and user-friendly platform that can accommodate ATN's needs.
However, it is essential to evaluate other factors such as cost, specific application requirements, integration
capabilities, and expertise within the ATN team before making a final decision. (Sumatosoft, 2023)
III. Conclusion
In conclusion, ATN, the Vietnamese toy company, is facing operational challenges due to its decentralized data management approach
and the lack of real-time stock information. The current system, where each shop maintains its own database, results in time-
consuming data consolidation efforts for the board director, who needs to manually summarize the sales data from all shops monthly.
Additionally, the absence of real-time stock updates limits the board director's ability to monitor inventory levels promptly. To address
these challenges, ATN should embrace cloud computing as a transformative solution. Cloud computing offers centralized data
management, real-time stock updates, and seamless information sharing capabilities that can significantly enhance ATN's operations.
By migrating to a cloud-based database system, ATN can consolidate all transactional data from each shop into a single, unified
database. This centralization streamlines data management processes and eliminates the need for manual data consolidation, saving
time and effort for the board director. Furthermore, real-time stock information can be readily available by integrating the inventory
systems of each shop into the cloud platform. This empowers the board director to make informed decisions based on up-to-date stock
levels, preventing stockouts or overstocking. Considering the scenario, a suitable cloud platform for ATN's needs would be Heroku.
Heroku provides a scalable and user-friendly environment that allows for easy deployment and management of cloud applications. Its
robust features and support for various programming languages make it an ideal choice for ATN's transformation. In conclusion,
adopting cloud computing, specifically utilizing Heroku as the cloud platform, will revolutionize ATN's operations. It will centralize
data, enable real-time stock updates, and enhance information sharing, resulting in improved efficiency, faster decision-making, and
ultimately, increased profitability. ATN is well-positioned to leverage the power of cloud computing to drive its success and maintain
a competitive edge in the Vietnamese toy market.
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