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Stage 1 PHYSICS

Light and Introduction to Waves SAT Aw5 WERS, 151

Answerall questions. An approved Calculator may be used. Show all working, markswill not be awareded
without working. Physics formulae sheets may be used.

1. A sound waveis moving at 340m/s through air and vibrating a microphone

at 100Hz. The resultant voltage in the microphone is +/- 20mV
a. calculate the wavelength of the sound wave (1)
Vz \f> |
BHO _ 2.4
A: V/F = joo * Mm.
b. Whatis the period of the sound wave ? (1)
Ki - O0-O]¢s

Cc. Draw a graphof the voltage in the microphone overa timeinterval of

0.02s (5)

20

10

(mY )
-10

-20

d. Indicate on your graph the period and amplitude of the wave (2)
2. A surfer is waiting beyond the break for a gnarly right hander. She counts
the waves passing underneath and finds that 5 waves pass every 100
seconds. She estimates the height of the wave from trough to crest is 2m.
She also estimates that the distance between crests is 10m.
a. Calculate the frequency
q of the waves iF p_2 5
“oo - 0-05 2. Hz (1)

b. Calculate the velocity of the waves (1)

ve fa = 0-0S x1to = 0 -S m/s

Cc. Draw a graph of the motion of the surfer over 40 seconds (4)
= oO Ss

a Light is bent when it passesinto a glass prism from air. In an experiment,

the angle of incidence is measured as 45 degrees and the angle of
refraction as 38 degrees.
a. Draw the experimental set up indicating the angles of incidence and
refraction | payanal (5)

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7 | ail

lass
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|B,

b. calculate the refractive index of the glass (2)

IMB,
: $1wAr

3” 4S = }-] 5

: 5 28
 4. The refraction of light supports the idea that light travels slower in glass
than in air. Explain how the refractive index of a material is a measure of
the ratio of the velocity of light in air to its velocity in the glass. Use a
diagram to support your answer (5)
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5. The diagram below shows water waves moving into and through a narrow
gap. This is called wavediffraction.

Explain how this occurs (Huygen’s Principle) (3)

Each pomt an the rhesony waver (Loom the “yt)
15 aching 44 un nas Sove of a Vved, hus a Crruaty

wave lint 1% treated tb dhe loft of He gieniny ta

a nev vave 9» otatca.
 6. Waves are producedin a ripple tank andinterfere with each other as
shownin the image.

a. Ona diagram clearly show where wavesare:

li adding constructively O

ii. adding destructively (cancelling out) *

iii. A line where the wavesare adding constructively -O-©@- (3)

b. The waves have the same wavelength (0.040m) and amplitude (0.010m).
Explain (using graphs or diagramsif needed) how the waves from two
sourcescan interfere destructively and whythis occurs at the position you
indicated above (5)

(you may usethe last page if you need space)

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 EXPERIMENTAL QUESTION

Light from a laser, which is coherent and monochromatic, falls upon a

diffraction grating and produces a series of bright spots due to the
interference pattern. The experimental set up is shownbelow, similar to
the demonstration you sawin class.

~~ CENTRALBRIGHT. e The distance from

DIFFRACTION © ov the grating to the
Se hortiS 1 eR, screen (D) is
foeOf, 500mm.
tet creer/* e ~The distance of the
en edan bright spots from
the central bright
spots is S (mm).
Wall e The order of the
% bright spots (m)
\ are shown, 1, 2, 3
etc

An image showing the bright spots

(m=1) either side of the central
maximum for a green laser being
shonethrough a diffraction grating.

The following data were obtained for a

violet coloured laser.

m Ss tan 6 oO Sin 6
(Distance from centre (=S/500) =tan-“‘(tan 6)
in mm)
1 146 0.292 16-37 0-260
2 342 0-624 34-4" 0-565
3 782 1-564 57-4" 0-&43
Complete the table above to the correct numberof significant figures (2)
Draw a graph of sin 8 against M (M on thex-axis) (5)
 Cc. Draw line of bestfit for the data | (1)
d. Determine the gradient of the line of bestfit (2)

The equation relating the order of the maxima (M), the wavelength of the
laser (A) and the distance between the slits in the grating (d) is given by:

dsinO=mA

e. If the distance between theslits on the diffraction grating is known to be

1.6 x 10° m, from your answer to part (d) above, determine the
wavelength ofthe laser (A ) (3) >

ne AsmB len Pye

: S : 4

suO= 0-2?/m
ShO = ma» . ly ? »
at = & gr ve. = A.

aA = a. glk at .

2 bhhg lO? he O. 2p/

= 4.50 x 1aA
1-0 . 4 — fuecs ati \
i “ONO Vs\ 79 | € ‘TY rv J .

| giedrat-s one Lt

=O 298 | a
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