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Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction

a b c
David Sneath , Martin Holbraad & Morten Axel Pedersen
a
University of Cambridge
b
University College London
c
University of Copenhagen
Available online: 17 Apr 2009

To cite this article: David Sneath, Martin Holbraad & Morten Axel Pedersen (2009): Technologies of the Imagination: An
Introduction, Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, 74:1, 5-30

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 Technologies of the Imagination:
An Introduction
Downloaded by [University of Illinois Chicago] at 11:39 17 May 2012

David Sneath, Martin Holbraad & Morten Axel Pedersen&

University of Cambridge, University College London, & University of Copenhagen

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

© Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis
issn 0014-1844 print/issn 1469-588x online. doi: 10.1080/00141840902751147
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The Anthropological Imagination

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 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 7

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 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 9

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 10 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 11

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 12 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 13

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 14 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 15

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 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 17

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 18 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 19

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Towards an Anthropology of Imaginative Effects

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 20 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 21

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 22 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 23

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 24 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 25

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VgZ\gVheZYVhdeedgijc^i^ZhideaVXZWZihdceVgi^XjaVgcjbWZghYZX^e]ZgZY
VXXdgY^c\idVhZg^Zhd[hnbWdahVhhdX^ViZYl^i]ZVX]cjbWZg#;dXjh^c\dc
i]ZVeeVgZcigZYjcYVcXnd[i]ZhZcjbZgdad\^XVa^bV\^c^c\h!l]ZgZWn_jhi
VWdjiVcnZkZciXVcWZYZZbZYh^\c^ÄXVciZcdj\]id^che^gZVWZi!=daWgVVY
XdcigVhihejciZgh¼cjbWZg"\jZhh^c\l^i]edejaVg[dgbhd[Y^k^cVi^dc#Jc"

eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 26 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

a^`Zi]ZXdhbdad\^XVaan"WVhZYgZVhdc^c\d[Y^k^cVi^dc!]ZVg\jZh!\VbWa^c\
ijgchdcV[dgbd[»V"gZVhdc¼/l]VibV`ZhXd^cX^YZciVaZkZcihhdheZX^Va[dg
\VbWaZgh^hi]Vi!hj^iVWanYZX^e]ZgZYVXXdgY^c\idi]ZcjbZgdad\^XVabVig^m
d[la bolita!i]ZnVaadlcjbWZghidZbZg\ZY^gZXianVcYd[i]ZbhZakZh!jc[Zi"
iZgZYWnVcn^ciZg[ZgZcXZdci]ZeVgid[i]Z\VbWaZg#I]ZZbZg\ZcifjVa^in
d[i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc]ZgZi]Z^bV\^cVi^dcd[cjbZgdad\^XVaVhhdX^Vi^dch^h
^ci]^hhZchZd[^bbZY^ViZXdcXZgcidi]ZejciZghi]ZbhZakZh#

Conclusion
Downloaded by [University of Illinois Chicago] at 11:39 17 May 2012

IdXdcXajYZi]^h>cigdYjXi^dc!lZbVncdiZi]Vik^Zl^c\i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc
VhVcjcYZgYZiZgb^cZYZ[[ZXid[i]ZiZX]cdad\^Zhi]ViZc\ZcYZg^id[[ZghV
Y^gZXiXdcigVhiidi]ZildbV^c[ZVijgZhd[egZkVaZciVci]gdedad\^XVaVeeZVah
id»hdX^Va^bV\^cVg^Zh¼Y^hXjhhZYZVga^Zg!cVbZani]ZXjaijgVa^hikZhi^\Zd[»]d"
a^hb¼VcYi]ZXadhZi"[jcXi^dcVa^hiegdeZch^inidh]dli]Vii]Z^bV\^cVi^dc
^h»^chigjbZciVa¼!^#Z#hZgkZhVejgedhZ#L^i]gZ\VgYidi]ZÄghied^ci!Vaai]Z
Xdcig^Wji^dchidi]^hheZX^Va^hhjZVbeanXdcÄgbi]Vi!^cVXXdgYVcXZl^i]i]Z
i]dgdj\]an]ZiZgd\ZcZdjhegdXZhhZhdgiZX]cdad\^Zhi]ViWg^c\i]ZbVWdji!
^bV\^cVgnZ[[ZXihYdcdicZZYidXdchi^ijiZ¸dgWZXdchi^ijiZYWn¸»l]daZh¼
ViVaa#>cVcn\^kZcZi]cd\gVe]^XhZii^c\!VcncjbWZgd[Y^[[ZgZciiZX]cdad\^Zh
bVnldg`Vadc\h^YZZVX]di]Zg!dghdbZi^bZhV\V^chiZVX]di]Zg!idn^ZaY
^cYZeZcYZci!dgZkZc^cXdc\gjZci!^bV\^c^c\h!l]^X]cZZYcdiVbdjciidV
l]daZ^cVcnjhZ[jahZchZ#
H^b^aVgan!WnYZa^b^i^c\i]Z^bV\^cVi^dcVhVcZhhZci^VaanjcYZgYZiZgb^cZY
Z[[ZXid[i]ZXdcY^i^dchi]ViWg^c\^iVWdji!lZaZVkZi]ZbViiZgd[^ih»^chigj"
bZciVa^hb¼VhVcdeZcZi]cd\gVe]^XfjZhi^dc#L]^aZ^i^hVbeanXaZVg[gdbi]Z
Xdcig^Wji^dchidi]^hheZX^Va^hhjZi]Vii]ZZ[[ZXihlZXVaa^bV\^cVgnbVn^cYZZY
hZgkZVkVg^Zind[ejgedhZhY^k^cVi^dc!eda^i^Xh!Zi]^Xh!VcYhddc!^i^hVahd
[jcYVbZciVaidWZVg^cb^cYi]Vii]ZZbZg\ZcXZd[i]ZhZZ[[ZXihqua jcYZgYZ"
iZgb^cZY »iZX]cdad\^Zh¼^h!egZX^hZan!cdiejgedhZ[ja¸V[ZVijgZ^cl]^X]8jWVc
\VbWaZgh![dgZmVbeaZ!VgZZmea^X^ian^ciZgZhiZY#>cYZZY!dcZbVnhVnZkZci]Vi
l]VibV`Zhi]ZhijYnd[i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc!VcYi]ZiZX]cdad\^Zhi]ViZc\ZcYZg
^i!hdXdbeZaa^c\^hi]Vi^c^ilZVgZVWaZidadXViZi]Z»^cX^YZciVa¼hdjgXZd[
l]VihdbZVci]gdedad\^hihXVaa»XjaijgZ¼/i]Zdg^\^cVi^dcd[^YZVhVcYegVXi^XZh
i]ViVgZhjWhZfjZcianXd"deiZYVhWj^aY^c\"WadX`h[dgbdgZZcXdbeVhh^c\VcY
ejgedhZ[jaegd_ZXih!WZi]Zneda^i^XVa!gZa^\^djhdgZm^hiZci^Va#
IZX]cdad\^Zhd[i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc!i]Zc!VgZiZX]cdad\^Zhd[i]Z^cX^YZc"
iVa!VcYWnZmeadg^c\i]ZblZhZZ`idgZkZVai]ZheZX^ÄXXdcY^i^dchjcYZg
l]^X]i]ZjcXdcY^i^dcZYZbZg\ZVhhjX]#7nY^heaVn^c\i]ZhZegdXZhhZh^c

eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 27

Vaai]Z^gZi]cd\gVe]^Xg^X]cZhh!i]^hheZX^Va^hhjZ\dZhidi]Z]ZVgid[Vadc\
hX]daVgan[VhX^cVi^dcl^i]i]ZVeeVgZci^cZ[[VW^a^ind[i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc#GZ"
[jh^c\idZmeaV^ci]Z^cX^YZciVaVlVn!lZX]dhZ^chiZVYid^YZci^[n^iVhi]Z
X]VgVXiZg^hi^X[ZVijgZi]ViYZÄcZhi]Z^bV\^cVi^dcVhhjX]#L]ViY^hi^c\j^h]Zh
i]Z^bV\^cVi^kZZ[[ZXihZmeadgZY^ci]^hheZX^Va^hhjZ^hi]jhi]Vii]ZlVnh^c
l]^X]i]ZnVgZ»ZmVeiViZY¼^cidVkVg^Zind[hdX^VaVcYXjaijgVaegd_ZXihVgZ
VaaZfjVaan^cYZiZgb^cViZ·i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc!^ci]^hhZchZ!^higjansui generis!
VcY^ihhijYndj\]icdi!^c8Vhidg^VY^h¼e]gVh^c\!WZ»VWhdgWZYWnhdbZi]^c\
ZahZ¼&.-,/&+-#
Downloaded by [University of Illinois Chicago] at 11:39 17 May 2012

Acknowledgments
 I]^hldg`lVhbVYZedhh^WaZWnVcahrc^ccdkVi^dcVlVgYgZ[ZgZcXZapn&,+.&#
LZ VgZ \gViZ[ja id 8dgejh 8]g^hi^ 8daaZ\Z! 8VbWg^Y\Z! VcY i]Z 6ci]gdedad\n
9ZeVgibZciVilse[dg]dhi^c\i]ZildZY^idg^Valdg`h]deh[jcYZYWni]^hVlVgY#
>cVYY^i^dcidi]ZXdcig^Wjidghidi]ZegZhZcikdajbZ!eVgi^X^eVcih^cXajYZYK^Xidg
7jX]a^!GZWZXXV:behdc!AZd=dlZ!AVgh=©_Zg!9Vk^YCVe^ZgVcYGVcZL^aaZg"
haZkl]dd[[ZgZYkVajVWaZeZgheZXi^kZh#I]Zegd_ZXilVhdg^\^cVaanXdcXZ^kZYjcYZg
i]ZVjhe^XZhd[i]ZBdc\da^VVcY>ccZg6h^VHijY^ZhJc^iVi8VbWg^Y\Z!VcYlZ
ldjaYa^`ZidZmegZhhdjg\gVi^ijYZid8Vgda^cZ=jbe]gZn[dg[dgbVi^kZXdckZghV"
i^dchViVaahiV\Zhd[^ihYZkZadebZci#LZVahdi]Vc`]Zg!VhlZaaVh?VbZhAZVX]!
9Vc^ZaB^aaZg!BdgiZcC^ZahZc!VcY=Zcg^`K^\]![dgXdbbZci^c\dcYgV[ihd[i]^h
>cigdYjXi^dc#;^cVaan!lZVgZ\gViZ[jaidi]ZZY^idghd[EthnosVcYi]ZVcdcnbdjh
gZk^ZlZghd[i]Z^cY^k^YjVaXdcig^Wji^dch[dgi]Z^gkVajVWaZ^ceji#

Notes
&# I]Zi]gZZVji]dgh]VkZXdcig^WjiZYZfjVaanidi]^hVgi^XaZ#
'# 6hHigVjhhcdiZhl^i]gZ[ZgZcXZid8Vhidg^VY^h¼e]^adhde]^XVaigZVi^hZdci]ZIma-
ginary Institution of Society&.-,!»8Vhidg^VY^h¼[dgbjaVi^dc!thehdX^Va^bV\^cVgn!P^hR
gZeZViZYWnVci]gdedad\^hihl]djhZ^bV\^cVgn^c]^hhZchZ#I]ZYZÄc^iZVgi^XaZ!
¹i]Zº! ^bea^Zh _jhi dcZ! VcY ^cYZZY 8Vhidg^VY^h higZhhZY i]Z lVn ZVX] WdjcYZY
hdX^Zin]Vh^ih[jcYVbZciVa^YZV¼'%%+/(')0Zbe]Vh^hdb^iiZY#
(# 7nXdcigVhiidi]ZiZcYZcXn^ci]ZZm^hi^c\a^iZgVijgZidjhZi]ZiZgb»^bV\^cVgn¼Z#\#
Vh^c»hdX^Va^bV\^cVg^Zh¼VhVlVnd[gZ^[n^c\i]Z^bV\^cVi^dcVhVÄZaYd[bZVc^c\!
^cdjgVg\jbZci!l]^X]egZhZcihi]Z^bV\^cVi^dc^cegdXZhhjVaiZgbh!»^bV\^cVgn¼^h
jhZYh^beanVhi]ZVY_ZXi^kVa[dgbd[»^bV\^cVi^dc¼#
)# DjgVg\jbZcidciZX]cdad\^Zhd[i]Z^bV\^cVi^dcgjcheVgVaaZaid=jbe]gZn¼h^c"
kZhi^\Vi^dc^ci]ViVgi^XaZd[Hdk^Zi^c[gVhigjXijgZVhiZX]cdad\^XVa»XdbeaZmZh¼d[i]Z
hdX^Va!^YZdad\^XVa!VcYiZX]c^XVa#6hh]Zh]dlh!^ci]ZHdk^ZiJc^dc^c[gVhigjXijgZ
]VY i]Z dkZgi V^b d[ bdjaY^c\ hdX^Va WZ]Vk^djg! X]VccZaa^c\ i]Z ^bV\^cVi^dc Wn
VXi^c\VhV»eg^hb¼d[i]dj\]i#
*# LZbVn]ZgZcdiZi]ZXdccZXi^dcWZilZZcdjgegZhZci[dXjhdc»iZX]cdad\^Zhd[
i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc¼VcYVci]gdedad\^XValg^i^c\hVWdjii]ZcVijgZd[XgZVi^k^inVcY^c"
cdkVi^dc^cVXgdhh"XjaijgVaeZgheZXi^kZA^Ze&..&0LZao'%%(0=^ghX]HigVi]Zgc
'%%)0 =Vhigje '%%*# D[ i]ZhZ! djg XdcXZei d[ i]Z ^bV\^cVi^dc gZhZbWaZh l]Vi
?VbZhAZVX]XVaahi]Z»BZaVcZh^Vc¼XdcXZeid[XgZVi^k^in'%%)![dg!bjX]a^`ZGdn

eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 28 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

LV\cZgjcYZghiVcYh^ckZci^dc&.-&!lZhZZ^bV\^cVi^dcVhVc^bbVcZciVheZXi
d[i]ZldgaY!l]^X]^hcdicZXZhhVg^anVgZhjaid[^cY^k^YjVaXgZVi^k^in#
+# I]Z Zbe^g^XVa XdggZaViZh d[ i]^h VcVani^XVa Y^hi^cXi^dc VgZ d[ XdjghZ ]VgYan XaZVg"
Xji#Hdl]^aZlZegdedhZi]Vie]ZcdbZcVXVcWZY^hi^c\j^h]ZYVXXdgY^c\idi]Z^g
YZ\gZZd[egZX^e^iVi^dcdg^cYZiZgb^cVXn!^ibVnWZY^[ÄXjai!^[cdi^bedhh^WaZ!id
h^c\aZdjiVcne]ZcdbZcdci]Vi^h[jaanXdcY^i^dcZYWni]ZiZX]cdad\ni]ViegZX^e^"
iViZh^i#I]^hldjaYVXXdgYl^i]djgZVga^Zged^ci!l^i]gZ[ZgZcXZid@Vci!VWdjii]Z
eZgkVh^kZX]VgVXiZgd[i]Z^bV\^cVi^dc#

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Wn6aVc8dhiVaa6gi]jgHi^aa!ee#&,·(&#7g^\]idc/=VgkZhiZgEgZhh#
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B^[Å^c#
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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 Technologies of the Imagination: An Introduction 29

=VchZc!I]dbVh7adb;^ccHiZeejiViZYh#'%%&#States of Imagination: Ethnographic

Explorations of the Postcolonial State#9jg]Vb/9j`ZJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
=Vgg^h!EVjaA#'%%%#The Work of the Imagination#7aVX`lZaa/Dm[dgY#
=Vhigje! @^ghiZc# '%%*# EZg[dgb^c\ i]Z LdgaY/ 6\ZcXn! 6ci^X^eVi^dc VcY 8gZVi^k^in#
Cambridge Anthropology,'*'/*·&.#
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Thinking Through Things: Theorizing Artefacts Ethnographically,ZY^iZYWn6#=ZcVgZ!
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=^ghX]!:g^XBVg^ancHigVi]ZgcZYh#'%%)#Transactions and Creations: Property Debates
and the Stimulus of Melanesia#Dm[dgY/7Zg\]V]c7dd`h#
=daWgVVY!BVgi^c#'%%,#GdjaZiiZ6ci]gdedad\n/I]ZL]daZ7ZndcY=da^hb#Journal of
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the Finnish Anthropological Society,(''/'.·),#

=jbe]gZn!8Vgda^cZ#'%%*#>YZdad\n^c>c[gVhigjXijgZ/6gX]^iZXijgZVcYHdk^Zi>bV\^"
cVi^dc#Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute!&&&/(.·*-#
>c\daY!I^b#&..(#:e^ad\jZ/IZX]cdad\n!AVc\jV\Z!>ciZaa^\ZcXZ/6GZXdch^YZgVi^dcd[
7Vh^X8dcXZeih#>cTools, Language, and Cognition in Human Evolution, ZY^iZYWn@#
<^WhdcI#>c\daY!ee#)).·),'#8VbWg^Y\Z/8VbWg^Y\ZJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
—. &..,#:^\]iI]ZbZh^ci]Z6ci]gdedad\nd[IZX]cdad\n#Social Analysis, )&&/&%+·(-#
@Vci!>bbVcjZa#&.,-#Critique of Pure ReasonigVchWnC#@#Hb^i]#AdcYdc/BVXb^a"
aVcEgZhh#
AVidjg!7gjcd#'%%)#Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy#8Vb"
Wg^Y\Z!B6/=VgkVgYJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
—. '%%*#Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory#Dm[dgY/Dm"
[dgYJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
AZVX]!?VbZh#'%%)#BdYZhd[8gZVi^k^in#>cTransactions and Creations: Property Debates
and the Stimulus of Melanesia!ZY^iZYWn:g^X=^ghX]BVg^ancHigVi]Zgc!ee#&*&·
&,*#Dm[dgY/7Zg\]V]c7dd`h#
AZbdcc^Zg!E^ZggZ#&..'#Elements for an Anthropology of Technology#6cc6gWdg/Jc^kZg"
h^ind[B^X]^\Vc!BjhZjbd[6ci]gdedad\n#
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A^Ze!?d]cZY##&..&#Locating Cultural Creativity#AdcYdc/EajidEgZhh#
BVjhh!BVgXZa#&.-(#Sociologie et Anthropologie#EVg^h/EgZhhZhJc^kZgh^iV^gZhYZ;gVcXZ#
BZgaZVj"Edcin! BVjg^XZ# &.+)# The Primacy of Perception, and Other Essays on Pheno-
menological Psychology, the Philosophy of Art, History and Politics!ZY^iZYWn?#B#:Y^Z#
:kVchidc!>A/Cdgi]lZhiZgcJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
B^aaZg!9Vc^Za#&.-,#Material Culture and Mass Consumption#7aVX`lZaa/AdcYdc#
—. ZY##'%%+#Materiality#9jg]Vb/9j`ZJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
B^aaZg!9Vc^Za9dcHaViZg#'%%%#The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach#Dm[dgY/7Zg\#
B^i]Zc!HiZkZc#&..+#The Prehistory of the Mind: A Search for the Origins of Art, Religion
and Science#AdcYdc/I]VbZhVcY=jYhdc#
DaabVc! 7ZgiZaa# &.,*# Alienation: Marx’s Conception of Man in Capitalist Society# 8Vb"
Wg^Y\Z/8VbWg^Y\ZJc^kZgh^inEgZhh#
EZYZghZc!BdgiZc6mZa#'%%,#IVa^hbVchd[I]dj\]i/H]VbVc^hiDcidad\nVcYH^ijViZY
8d\c^i^dc^cCdgi]ZgcBdc\da^V#>cThinking Through Things: Theorizing Artefacts
Ethnographically,ZY^iZYWn6#=ZcVgZ!B#=daWgVVYH#LVhiZaa!ee#&)&·&++#Adc"
Ydc/GdjiaZY\Z#

eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)

 30 davi d s n eath, marti n hol br a ad, morte n ax e l pe de r s e n

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eth nos, vol. 74:1, marc h 200 9 (pp. 5–30)