Fainting

It’s when the casualty briefly or temporarily loses consciousness due to lack of oxygen in the
bran

Signs and symptoms

 Dizzy
 Nausea
 Slow or faster pulse
 Heavy breathing
 They could be unresponsive

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Check for any other injuries head to toe survey
3. We elevate their legs above the heart to promote circulation you can use a chair for
this
4. Reassure the causality

Angina
A sharp crushing pain in the chest that goes away with rest that can spread to the neck jaw
and arms when you do something that requires effort eg climbing stairs and running

Signs and symptoms

 Chest pain
 Excessively sweating
 High heart rate
 Feeling disoriented

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Make sure the casualty is comfortable- laying down with knees bent and head
supported
3. If casualty is conscious and alert and they have medicine help them take it or if an
aspirin tablet is available make them chew on it
4. if pain goes away with rest its angina if doesn’t it could be a heart attack and advise
them to see a doctor
5. keep monitoring their vital signs so you can tell the help accurate information

Heart Attack
The arteries that carry blood away from the blood get blocked with cholesterol and
oxygenated blood cannot travel around the body

Signs and symptoms

 dizziness
 heavy breathing
 feeling disoriented
  extreme pain in the chest
 sweating

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Make sure casualty is comfortable laying down knees bent and head supported
3. If casualty is unconscious but breathing put them in the recovery position
4. If casualty is conscious and alert and they medicine help them take it
5. Keep reassuring the casualty
6. Monitor their vital signs so you can tell the help that gets there accurate information

Long term treatment

o Aspirin
o Blood thinners
o Beta Blockers

Hyperventilation
The rate and depth of respiration that leads to abnormal loss of carbon dioxide from the
blood

Signs and symptoms

 Wheezing
 Fast pulse
 feeling distressed
 Confused
 Lightheaded

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Remove casualty from bystanders
3. Reassure the casualty and encourage them to breath talk them through it
4. Give them a brown paper bag to breathe into
5. Reassure them

Chocking
The throat is partially or fully blocked with a foreign object eg food

Signs and symptoms

 Holding the throat
 Red puffy face
 Struggling to breathe

How we help
Back blows
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Bend the casualty forward head lower than the chest
3. Take the heel of your hand and between the shoulder blades do 5 back blows
 4. Keep checking the mouth to see if you can clear the object
5. If this doesn’t work move to the abdominal thrusts

Abdominal thrusts

o Stand behind the casualty foot between their feet

o Place your first over their belly button
o Pull inwards and outwards for 5 mins
o Keep checking the mouth
o Repeat if necessary
o Only stop when the object has cleared or when the become unconscious and
not breathing then we do cpr

Asthma Attack
The muscles in the airway passage spasm which causes it to narrow

Signs and symptoms

 Heavy shallow breathing
 Difficulty breathing
 Difficulty speaking
 Feeling distressed

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Reassure the casualty tell them to take their normal dosage of their inhaler if it’s a
minor attack but if its serve tell them to take a puff every 30 to 60 secs until they
reach 10 puffs
3. Make sure the casualty is comfortable
4. If casualty becomes unconscious but is still breathing put them in the recovery
position
5. Monitor vital signs to tell the people that come help

Compression/ Concussion
Bleeding or swelling causes pressure to be put on the brain could cause death
The brain is shaken due to a bad fall or a hit to the head

Signs and symptoms

 Slow strong pulse
 Very bad headache
 Feeling disoriented or confused
 Slow noisy breathing
 Dizziness
 Memory loss

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Deal with any wounds
 3. Unconscious put them into the recovery position injured side down
4. If conscious keep a close eye on them monitor vital signs to see if the condition
worsens
5. And if you suspect any fractures make sure whatever’s injured is supported

Heat exhaustion
The loss of salt and water through excessively sweating

Signs and symptoms

 Dizziness
 Thirst
 Muscle cramps
 Slow fast breathing

How we help
1. Asses DRHABC
2. Get the casualty to a cool place
3. Lay them down make sure their comfortable legs above the heart
4. Keep them hydrated
5. Cool them down slowly

Heat Stroke
The brains thermostat fail and cause you to overheat

Signs and symptoms

 Headache
 Nausea
 Feeling confused
 High body temperature

How we help
1. Assess DRHABC
2. Move casualty to a cool place
3. Give them water if conscious and try cool them down
4. Remove or loosen any restricting clothing
5. Put them in the recovery position under a shock blanket
6. Monitor them closely